Portail des publications scientifiques de VetAgro Sup
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Les vétérinaires méritent d'être plus visibles
No full textRésume de la table ronde sur les enjeux liés aux avancées de la législation en faveur de la protection animale a montré l’importance de l’action des vétérinaires, mais a aussi déploré leur manque de participation
Association between genetic clades and cancer prevalence suggested by French-wide study of oncogenic small ruminant beta-retroviruses diversity
No full textInternational audienceAbstract ENTV (Enzootic Nasal Tumor Virus) and JSRV (Jaagsiekte Sheep Retrovirus) are β-retroviruses responsible for respiratory cancers in sheep and goats. In this study, we analyzed the genetic features of the sheep and goat β-retrovirus (29 JSRV and 24 ENTV strains) circulating in France to identify molecular signatures associated with disease severity in flocks. We developed a highly specific PCR to amplify and sequence exogenous targeted regions or near full length proviruses based on limited discriminating motifs along their genomes. The phylogenetic reconstructions based on the LTR and env regions suggest that one major strain is circulating on the French territory for ENTV-1 and ENTV-2 while not clustering with already published Spanish, Canadian or Chinese strains. JSRV strains circulating in French sheep flocks were distributed in 2 distinct genetic clades clustering with sequences originating from North America, Africa and United-Kingdom. JSRV clade I was found to be associated with a higher incidence of cancer in French flocks. Specific motifs spanning the entire JSRV genome particularly in the LTRs and in the intracytoplasmic domain of the envelope were detected between the two genetic subtypes. This work represents the first nationwide study describing the circulation of the three closely related β-oncogenic retrovirus JSRV, ENTV-1 and ENTV-2 in French sheep and goat flocks. Better characterization of strain genetics is a critical step in monitoring circulating β retrovirus, especially those associated with higher cancer incidence in small ruminants
Massive detection of cryptic recessive genetic defects in dairy cattle mining millions of life histories
No full text1/2/3International audienceBackground: Dairy cattle breeds are populations of limited effective size, subject to recurrent outbreaks of recessive defects that are commonly studied using positional cloning. However, this strategy, based on the observation of animals with characteristic features, may overlook a number of conditions, such as immune or metabolic genetic disorders, which may be confused with pathologies of environmental etiology. Results: We present a data mining framework specifically designed to detect recessive defects in livestock that have been previously missed due to a lack of specific signs, incomplete penetrance, or incomplete linkage disequilibrium. This approach leverages the massive data generated by genomic selection. Its basic principle is to compare the observed and expected numbers of homozygotes for sliding haplotypes in animals with different life histories. Within three cattle breeds, we report 33 new loci responsible for increased risk of juvenile mortality and present a series of validations based on large-scale genotyping, clinical examination, and functional studies for candidate variants affecting the NOA1, RFC5, and ITGB7 genes. In particular, we describe disorders associated with NOA1 and RFC5 mutations for the first time in vertebrates.Conclusions:The discovery of these many new defects will help to characterize the genetic basis of inbreeding depression, while their management will improve animal welfare and reduce losses to the industry
Adapting agricultural production systems to changes in the environmental, agricultural and social context, and the role of legumes in the agro-ecological transition
No full textThis issue brings together texts from projects carried out as part of the PSDR 4 Programme, under the aegis of INRAE and 10 French RegionsInternational audienceIn the Burgundy Franche-Comté and Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes French regions, the regional projects POEETE and ProSys dealt with the adaptation of agricultural production systems to changes in the environmental, agricultural and social context, focusing on different scales and taking into account the context of reduced inputs and the search for autonomy by introducing legume crops. The processed data come from various approaches: surveys, experimental monitoring, modelling approach... The impact of climate change on the ecophysiology of legume crops was addressed through a model plant, the pea, and two criteria: flowering date and frost stress. To ensure the sustainability of mixed farming operations, new forage mixtures have been tested. Then the ecosystemic services provided by legume crops were studied: precedent effect, nitrogen content and interest in improving the protein autonomy of farms. The prioritization of ecosystem services in the adoption of these crops was studied via surveys of pioneer farmers in the region. Finally, the agroecological transition was studied via questions about the complementarity of mixed farming and livestock production, the performance of cropping systems including legume crops, farmers' motivations to develop more agro-ecological practices and the study of model farm trajectories
Intravitreal Aflibercept for Neovascular Age-Related Macular Degeneration Beyond One Year of Treatment: AZURE, a Randomized Trial of Treat-and-Extend vs. Fixed Dosing
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Exploring rearing factors to predict potential sensory quality of heifer meat throughout the farm-to-fork continuum
No full text1International audienceSensory beef qualities could be impacted throughout the farm-to-fork continuum. The aim of this work was to predict the sensory quality classes of Longissimus muscle established from three sensory descriptors: tenderness, juiciness and flavour intensity. The extreme classes of meat quality were: Q + class including the highest scores for tenderness and juiciness, and an intermediate score for flavour intensity and Q - class including low scores for tenderness, juiciness and flavour intensity. To predict the extreme quality classes, seven decision trees were performed using the individual data related to rearing factors (p = 50), carcase traits (p = 13) and/or aged meat traits (p = 9) of 100 Charolais heifers. The decision trees established from rearing factors and carcass trait data (RF-CARCA-Tree) allowed the highest accuracy of prediction (79.7%) with 90.7% and 66.7% of correctly classified individuals, respectively. Our results showed that different combinations of factors could produce Q + class. Three rearing factors (i.e. the calculated average of concentrates' net energy content in the diet during the pasture period of pre-weaning period (PWP); the number of days concentrates were offered in calf diet during PWP; and the calculated average of concentrates' crude protein content in the fattening diet) and the conformation score could be considered as action levers to improve meat quality. These three rearing factors were related to the pre-weaning and fattening periods of the heifer, slowing a possible management of the potential beef quality from rearing factors throughout the life of the heifer. HighlightsBeef quality can be improved throughout the heifer's life by rearing factors related to concentrate in the diet.Sensory beef quality classes could be managed from rearing factors and carcass traits.Raw aged meat data did not allow to improve the prediction of sensory beef quality classes
Exposure and resistance to anticoagulant rodenticides in invasive and endemic Chadian urban rodent species to develop a rational management strategy
No full text2/1/3International audienceAbstract Rodent management involves the use of anticoagulant rodenticides (ARs). This use has resulted in the selection of numerous resistance alleles in the Vkorc1 gene, encoding the target enzyme of ARs. In Africa, although rodents are a major problem as a consequence of their transport and transmission of zoonotic pathogens, and damage to crops, the use of ARs and the spread of resistance alleles are poorly documented. We attempted to address both issues in Chad which is one of the largest countries in Africa. Owing to its location at the crossroads of central and northern Africa, Chad is representative of many African countries. Methods Using a sampling of nearly 300 rodents composed of invasive and endemic rodents collected in six of Chad's largest cities, exposure to ARs was analyzed by their quantification in the liver; the spread of AR resistance alleles was analyzed by Vkorc1 sequencing. Results We demonstrate the use of both ARs generations in Chadian cities and report the total sequencing of the Vkorc1 for 44 Mastomys natalensis with detection of two different haplotypes, the sequencing of the Vkorc1 for two other endemic rodent species, M . kollmannspergeri and Arvicanthis niloticus , and finally the detection of three new missense mutations – V29E, V69E and D127V – in R . rattus , potentially associated with resistance to ARs. Discussion These results should argue for the implementation of a reasoned management of rodent populations in Africa to avoid the spread of ARs resistance alleles. © 2023 The Authors. Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry
Principales dermatoses infectieuses chez les rongeurs
No full textNational audienceInfectious skin diseases are common in rodents. Parasitic (flea, lice, mite), bacterial (abscess, pyoderma) or fungal dermatoses (dermatophytosis, candidiasis) have been described. Diagnostic sampling is the same as in dogs and cats. A lack of licensed drugs for use in rodents necessitates off-label use of many of the pharmaceuticals recommended for skin disease. Finally, basic husbandry and environmental needs must be considered because many skin diseases are associated with an underlying husbandry deficiency.Les affections cutanées infectieuses sont fréquentes chez les rongeurs.Des dermatoses parasitaires (dues à des puces, des poux, des acariens, des gales et des pseudo-gales), bactériennes (abcès, pyodermites) ou fongiques (teignes, candidose) sont observées. Les examens complémentaires permettant le diagnostic sont similaires à ceux réalisés chez les carnivores domestiques. Peu de traitements disposent d'une autorisation de mise sur le marché et la galénique n'est pas souvent adaptée à ces espèces. Enfin, les conditions de vie des rongeurs doivent correspondre à leurs besoins car certaines dermatoses surviennent lorsqu'elles sont inadéquates
Les examens complémentaires en dermatologie
No full textNational audienceLes examens complémentaires permettent de mettre en évidence les éléments figurés présents à la surface ou en profondeur de la peau, d'établir le diagnostic et de choisir le traitement le plus approprié pour l'animal.Les examens complémentaires en dermatologie sont nombreux. Le praticien doit avoir émis des hypothèses diagnostiques précises afin de savoir lesquels utiliser. Les examens à résultats immédiats sont faciles à réaliser, peu onéreux et aboutissent souvent au diagnostic. Quand ils ne suffisent pas, d'autres analyses, à résultats différés, peuvent être entreprises. Les otites chroniques nécessitent des examens complémentaires spécifiques, parfois non réalisables en clinique généraliste, obligeant le praticien à référer ces cas à une structure qui possède les équipements adaptés