Portail des publications scientifiques de VetAgro Sup
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Corsican mouflon (Ovis gmelini musimon var. corsicana), conservation of a threatened species on a Mediterranean island
No full textInternational audienceThe Corsican mouflon, a protected species, belongs to the Ovis genus and constitutes a well-preserved genetic makeup of Asiatic mouflon that arrived on the Corsican island about 8500 years BCE. This flagship species holds significant heritage and cultural importance for the local communities. While sharing similarities with continental Mediterranean mouflon, the Corsican mouflon has historically received much less scientific attention. This knowledge gap has resulted in a less comprehensive understanding of its biology and ecology, despite the crucial need to identify and assess the primary and emerging factors threatening this species. However, the tide has recently changed with the accomplishment of several research programs encompassing a wide range of expertise, including genetics, spatial behavior, and health. Conservation efforts are also underway, bolstered by support from European and national policies. Specifically targeting the vulnerable southern population, intensive strengthening operations have been ongoing for the past three years, yielding valuable preliminary insights into the demographic parameters of this species in its natural habitat
1691: Clinical transfer of synchrotron microbeam radiation therapy: Canine brain tumor phase I study
No full textInternational audienc
Mechanobiology of bacterial biofilms: Implications for orthopedic infection
No full text3International audiencePostoperative bacterial infections are prevalent complications in both human and veterinary orthopedic surgery, particularly when a biofilm develops. These infections often result in delayed healing, early revision, permanent functional loss, and, in severe cases, amputation. The diagnosis and treatment pose significant challenges, and bacterial biofilm further amplifies the therapeutic difficulty as it confers protection against the host immune system and against antibiotics which are usually administered as a first‐line therapeutic option. However, the inappropriate use of antibiotics has led to the emergence of numerous multidrug‐resistant organisms, which largely compromise the already imperfect treatment efficiency. In this context, the study of bacterial biofilm formation allows to better target antibiotic use and to evaluate alternative therapeutic strategies. Exploration of the roles played by mechanical factors on biofilm development is of particular interest, especially because cartilage and bone tissues are reactive environments that are subjected to mechanical load. This review delves into the current landscape of biofilm mechanobiology, exploring the role of mechanical factors on biofilm development through a multiscale prism starting from bacterial microscopic scale to reach biofilm mesoscopic size and finally the macroscopic scale of the fracture site or bone–implant interface
Addressing the impact of Septoria tritici blotch pressure on wheat cultivar resistance in France
No full textInternational audienceThe management of Septoria tritici blotch (STB) caused by Zymoseptoria tritici increasingly relies on varietal resistance. However, the deployment of wheat cultivars across large cultivated areas lead to the emergence and change in virulence frequencies in pathogen populations and ultimately to the erosion of resistances. Understanding the dynamics of these evolutions is crucial for devising more durable strategies of cultivar deployments. To this end, we analyzed STB incidence from the warming system BSV, developed by the French Ministry of Agriculture. This network comprises data collected from an average of 627 plots per year, representing 107 wheat cultivars scattered throughout France from 2010 to 2019. Data analysis confirmed that STB was a prevalent disease in France in the last decade, exhibiting spatial and temporal variations correlated with environmental factors. While the level of STB incidence remained stable on 80% of the plots, seven cultivars exhibited a significant increase in susceptibility. One of the most striking examples was the cultivar Cellule, carrying the Stb16q gene. Out of the 105 plots grown, 71 exhibited an increase in susceptibility, particularly notable in the Northwest region of France. In conclusion, these findings offer a comprehensive overview of STB dynamic at large spatiotemporal scale, showcasing instances of dynamic wheat resistance bypasses and the identification of potentially durable resistant cultivars
Role of the glycome-microbiome axis on susceptibility to bovine viral infections and on animal welfare
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Mobilités résidentielles et nouvelles populations en milieu rural: Recompositions territoriales et nouveaux enjeux
No full textNational audienceDepuis les années 1960, les mobilités résidentielles vers les espaces ruraux en France connaissent une évolution significative, marquée par une inversion des flux urbain-rural et une attractivité croissante des zones rurales et périurbaines. Ce phénomène, qui dépasse le simple cadre de la périurbanisation, s'inscrit dans un contexte de recomposition territoriale et sociale des campagnes françaises. Après un ralentissement de cette dynamique au cours des années 2010, les flux migratoires depuis les communes urbaines vers les communes rurales connaissent une augmentation notable entre 2019 et 2021. La crise sanitaire a joué un rôle de catalyseur dans cette tendance, bien que son impact soit inégal selon les espaces. Cependant, il est encore trop tôt pour juger de la pérennité de ces tendances post-Covid.Les mobilités résidentielles et les choix de localisation résidentielle dépendent fortement de l’âge, du niveau de diplôme ou encore des professions. Ainsi, les profils des nouveaux arrivants dans les espaces ruraux sont diversifiés : ces profils varient selon le type d’espace rural, avec une surreprésentation des cadres et professions intermédiaires dans les migrations vers les espaces périurbains et une surreprésentation des ouvriers et des 50-64 ans dans les migrations vers les espaces ruraux moins denses. Au-delà de cette différenciation suivant un gradient urbain-rural, les profils des nouveaux arrivant varient aussi selon la localisation des espaces, dessinant une géographie complexe. Les motivations de ces mobilités sont multiples. Il s’agit bien souvent de facteurs économiques liés principalement au coût du foncier et à l'accès à la propriété. Les mobilités peuvent aussi avoir trait à la recherche d'un meilleur cadre de vie ou encore à des facteurs sociaux tels que l’histoire migratoire des personnes ou bien l’existence d’un réseau et de relations sociales dans la commune d’arrivée. En outre, l’arbitrage entre ces différents facteurs de localisation varie selon les personnes et dépend en particulier de la position dans le cycle de vie.Ces mouvements de population engendrent des transformations significatives dans les espaces ruraux et contribuent à une certaine spécialisation socio-démographique. En termes de revenu, on observe des dynamiques démographiques contrastées avec certaines communes rurales qui se paupérisent tandis que d'autres se gentrifient avec l'arrivée de nouvelles populations. De plus, certains espaces ruraux sont particulièrement attractifs pour les retraités, ce qui peut contribuer à un vieillissement de leur population. Ces recompositions socio-démographiques soulèvent de nombreux enjeux pour les territoires ruraux, à la fois économiques, sociaux, environnementaux et politiques. En termes de politiques d'accueil, elles interrogent sur l’adaptation des services et équipements aux besoins des nouveaux résidents, sur l’intégration des nouveaux arrivants ou encore sur le maintien de la cohésion territoriale. Si, dans certains cas, les mobilités résidentielles peuvent accroître la pression sur le marché immobilier local, ces dynamiques offrent également des opportunités de revitalisation et de diversification économique. Enfin, les choix de localisation résidentielle influent les mobilités quotidiennes, avec souvent un allongement significatif des distances parcourues. Cette évolution a deux conséquences majeures : d'une part, elle accentue les inégalités sociales liées à l'accès aux transports, et d'autre part, elle amplifie l'impact environnemental des déplacements
Comparison of various electrochemotherapy protocols for the treatment of feline cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma
No full textInternational audienceIntroduction: Electrochemotherapy (ECT) with intravenous and/or intratumoral bleomycin has shown considerable efficacy in the treatment of non-resectable feline cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC), boasting response rates of up to 95%. However, bleomycin's availability for veterinary use is limited in France and oncologists have explored other protocols. The objective of this prospective multicenter study was to compare the overall response rate (ORR) and disease-free interval (DFI) between cats with cSCC treated with ECT using intratumoral and intravenous carboplatin (ITIVC), intravenous carboplatin (IVC), or intravenous bleomycin (IVB).Materials and Methods: A total of 44 cats with unresectable cSCC across three centers were enrolled and treated with ECT using.ITIVC (n = 10), IVC (n = 11), or IVB (n = 23). Treatment response according to RECIST was recorded at 2- and 4-weeks post-treatment and patients were followed until disease progression and/or death.Results: All 3 groups were comparable regarding age, sex, size of lesion and weight. Overall response rates were 90.0% (IVITC), 90.9% (IVC) and 95.6% (IVB) and were not significantly different (p = 0.99). Median DFI was not reached for IVITC or IVC and was 18.6 months for IVB, with no significant difference between the three groups (p = 0.58). Adverse events were mild and local and similar between groups.Conclusions: ECT using either IV or IV-IT carboplatin is an effective therapeutic option for managing cSCC, demonstrating comparable efficacy to bleomycin. Intratumoral administration of carboplatin did not yield improved outcomes and its avoidance would reduce exposure of healthcare personnel. Further studies with larger sample sizes are warranted to validate these initial findings
Runoff microbiome quality assessment of a city center rainwater harvesting zone shows a differentiation of pathogen loads according to human mobility patterns
No full text3/2/1International audienceThe hygienic quality of urban surfaces can be impaired by multiple sources of microbiological contaminants. These surfaces can trigger the development of multiple bacterial taxa and favor their spread during rain events through the circulation of runoff waters. These runoff waters are commonly directed toward sewer networks, stormwater infiltration systems or detention tanks prior a release into natural water ways. With water scarcity becoming a major worldwide issue, these runoffs are representing an alternative supply for some usage like street cleaning and plant watering. Microbiological hazards associated with these urban runoffs, and surveillance guidelines must be defined to favor these uses. Runoff microbiological quality from a recently implemented city center rainwater harvesting zone was evaluated through classical fecal indicator bacteria (FIB) assays, quanti- tative PCR and DNA meta-barcoding analyses. The incidence of socio-urbanistic patterns on the organization of these urban microbiomes were investigated. FIB and DNA from Human-specific Bacteroidales and pathogens such as Staphylococcus aureus were detected from most runoffs and showed broad distribution patterns. 16S rRNA DNA meta-barcoding profilings further identified core recurrent taxa of health concerns like Acinetobacter, Mycobac- terium, Aeromonas and Pseudomonas, and divided these communities according to two main groups of socio- urbanistic patterns. One of these was highly impacted by heavy traffic, and showed recurrent correlation net- works involving bacterial hydrocarbon degraders harboring significant virulence properties. The tpm-based meta-barcoding approach identified some of these taxa at the species level for more than 30 genera. Among these, recurrent pathogens were recorded such as P. aeruginosa, P. paraeruginosa, and Aeromonas caviae. P. aeruginosa and A. caviae tpm reads were found evenly distributed over the study site but those of P. paraeruginosa were higher among sub-catchments impacted by heavy traffic. Health risks associated with these runoff P. paraeruginosa emerging pathogens were high and associated with strong cytotoxicity on A549 lung cells. Recurrent detections of pathogens in runoff waters highlight the need of a microbiological surveillance prior allowing their use. Good microbiological quality can be obtained for certain typologies of sub-catchments with good hygienic practices but not all. A reorganization of Human mobility and behaviors would likely trigger changes in these bacterial diversity patterns and reduce the occurrences of the most hazardous groups