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Supplemental tables and figures for J. Dairy Sci. article 2024-25488: Production and metabolic responses of Montbéliarde and Holstein cows during periparturient period and a sequential feed restriction challenge
No full textsuppl. mat.The objective was to compare the production and metabolic responses of 22 Montbéliarde (MONT) and 18 Holstein (HOLS) multiparous cows during the periparturient period, and during a sequential nutritional challenge (SNC), consisting of 4 successive induced short feed restrictions each separated by a refeeding period, to explore breed differences in robustness (ability to maintain lactation function during successive challenges) and resilience (ability to recover after each challenge). Cows were studied from 4 wk before expected calving until 158 ± 9 DIM (mean ± SD). Milk and ECM yields were greater in HOLS than in MONT during both the early (i.e., from calving to wk 10) and mid-lactation (i.e., from wk 18 to 22) periods, whereas BCS was greater in MONT than HOLS. During early lactation, energy balance was lower (5 vs. 16 MJ/d), plasma NEFA (270 vs 163 µM) were greater, for HOLS than MONT, respectively. Cows in third-and-greater lactation secreted more ECM, and had delayed resumption of luteal activity compared to second lactation cows. The SNC started at 87 ± 9 DIM and consisted of a sequence of four 4-day periods of feed restriction (FR), during which feed allowance was calculated to meet 50% of individual energy requirements (FR1, FR2, FR3, FR4), each of them being followed by an ad libitum intake period. Cows were allowed 10 days of ad libitum intake between FR1 and FR2 to study the recovery and compare it with the recovery following FR4, and 3 days of ad libitum intake between FR2, FR3 and FR4 to study responses to repeated FR. Feed allowance met 59 to 67% of energy requirements during FR1 through FR4, as milk secretion decreased with successive FR. Breed differences in milk secretion persisted throughout the nutritional challenges, but were more pronounced during the first two FR: Uncorrected MY was greater for HOLS throughout the entire SNC, whereas ECM and plasma NEFA concentrations and milk fat yield were greater for HOLS than MONT during FR1 and FR2, but not FR3 and FR4, suggesting a reduced ability of HOLS to mobilize and transfer fatty acids into milk with successive FRs, and indicating altered robustness of HOLS to maintain high milk yield. Resilience for ECM yield did not differ between breeds. Cows were able to respond to and recover from the SNC, by decreasing milk secretion during FR, undergoing acute metabolic adaptations to support lactation, and recovering DMI during each refeeding period. Cow rankings for ECM yield were maintained consistently from early lactation throughout the SNC periods (rs = 0.59 to 0.90), suggesting that dairy potential was a major driver of responses during the SNC for both HOLS and MONT
The role of Territorial Food Projects (PAT) in promoting coordination between stakeholders : evidences from the Clermont-Livradois Forez PAT
No full textInternational audienc
Occurrence of 40 sanitary indicators in French digestates derived from different anaerobic digestion processes and raw organic wastes from agricultural and urban origin
No full text2/1International audienceThis study investigated the sanitary quality of digestates resulting from the mesophilic anaerobic digestion (AD) of urban and agricultural organic wastes (OWs). 40 sanitary indicators, including pathogenic bacteria, antimicrobial resistance genes, virulence factor genes, and mobile genetic elements were evaluated using real-time PCR and/or droplet digital PCR. 13 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and 13 pharmaceutical products (PHPs) were also measured. We assessed agricultural OWs from three treatment plants to study the effect of different AD processes (feeding mode, number of stages, pH), and used three laboratory-scale reactors to study the effect of different feed-supplies (inputs). The lab-scale reactors included: Lab1 fed with 97% activated sludge (urban waste) and 3% cow manure; Lab2 fed with 85% sludge-manure mixture supplemented with 15% wheat straw (WS); and Lab3 fed with 81% sludge-manure mixture, 15% WS, and 4% zeolite powder. Activated sludge favored the survival of the food-borne pathogens Clostridium perfringens and Bacillus cereus , carrying the toxin-encoding genes cpe and ces, respectively. Globally, the reactors fed with fecal matter supplemented with straw (Lab2) or with straw and zeolite (Lab3) had a higher hygienization efficiency than the reactor fed uniquely with fecal matter (Lab1). Three pathogenic bacteria ( Enterococcus faecalis , Enterococcus faecium , and Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex), a beta-lactam resistance gene ( bla TEM ), and three mobile genetic elements ( intI1 , intI2 , and IS 26 ) were significantly decreased in Lab2 and Lab3. Moreover, the concentrations of 11 PAHs and 11 PHPs were significantly lower in Lab2 and Lab3 samples than in Lab1 samples. The high concentrations of micropollutants, such as triclosan, found in Lab1, could explain the lower hygienization efficiency of this reactor. Furthermore, the batch-fed reactor had a more efficient hygienization effect than the semi-continuous reactors, with complete removal of the ybtA gene, which is involved in the production of the siderophore yersiniabactin, and significant reduction of intI2 and tetO . These data suggest that it is essential to control the level of chemical pollutants in raw OWs to optimize the sanitary quality of digestates, and that adding co-substrate, such as WS, may overcome the harmful effect of pollutants
De la modélisation dose–réponse des données transcriptomiques à leur interprétation biologique: application à l’exposition embryonnaire du poisson zèbre (Danio rerio) au phtalate de di-n-butyle (DBP)
No full textInternational audienc
Vieillir dans les ruralités : quand les seniors s’engagent pour leur territoire
No full text1/3International audienceQu’est-ce que vivre et, espérons-le, bien vivre, loin des métropoles quand on vieillit ? Les espaces peu denses seraient-ils moins favorables au « bien vieillir » que les espaces urbanisés ? Dans un contexte de vieillissement démographique, le processus de métropolisation a créé des déséquilibres territoriaux qui peuvent représenter un frein à ce choix (mode) de vie : moins de commerces de proximité, moins de structures médicales, moins de transports publics… Si les espaces situés loin des métropoles sont moins pourvus en infrastructures et équipements, ils ne sont pas pour autant dépourvus d’atouts pour retenir les locaux et attirer de nouvelles populations. Tout en abordant les questions liées à la perte d’autonomie ou les difficultés de déplacement, les articles de ce numéro mettent aussi en lumière ce qui est constitutif de l’identité sociale dans les zones isolées. L’ancrage territorial est au cœur des pratiques de celles et ceux qui résident loin des très grandes villes. Un rapport intime (et fragile) existe bel et bien entre les personnes âgées et leur territoire
Fatal acute clinical babesiosis in an adult gelding pony living in an endemic area
No full text3/2International audienceEquine piroplasmosis is a haemoprotozoal disease caused by Theileria equi and Babesia caballi . Clinical presentations vary in severity according to infectious load, host immunity and endemicity. In endemic regions, equine piroplasmosis is rarely acute or peracute in presentation. Here we report a case of a 10‐year‐old pony gelding presented for fever and acute inspiratory dyspnoea. Clinical signs of hypovolemic shock were observed. Blood smear examination revealed a mild anaemia and thrombocytopenia with the presence of intraerythrocytic inclusions resembling Babesia caballi merozoites. Acute lung injury, ischaemic myocarditis, acute renal failure, pancreatitis and myopathy were detected. We made a presumptive diagnosis of acute babesiosis, with secondary systemic inflammatory reaction and multiple organ dysfunction syndromes. Supportive therapy was initiated, but imidocarb was not administered due to potentially fatal adverse reactions in a horse in shock. Anaemia worsened, with the development of acute pulmonary oedema, respiratory distress and disseminated intravascular coagulation. The gelding was euthanised and post‐mortem examination confirmed the formation of microthrombi within small vessels, leading to venous stasis and vasculitis
A new camera-trapping device, the Campascope, to study feeding behaviour of subterranean rodents
No full text1International audienceRodents are significant animals in the field of science and serve as common study models in several disciplines. However, their behaviours are challenging to observe in the wild due to their anti-predator behaviour, especially regarding feeding behaviour for subterranean species (voles, naked mole-rat). Nevertheless, feeding behaviour is crucial for the study of rodent ecology, including applied research on pest control, habitat management of endangered species, or more fundamental research on cyclical population dynamics. To address this issue, a tool was developed to test how wild voles interact with food. This novel camera trapping device was named the Campascope. Its utilisation enables the avoidance of captive conditions that could introduce biases and facilitates the testing of exogenous factors that may modify animals' feeding behaviour, such as the floral composition of a meadow, distance from a landscape feature, or altitude. These exogenous factors are not easily testable in captivity. In this study, we successfully captured high-quality observations of the behaviour of the fossorial form of water voles, using the Campascope device. In this article, we present the features and application of the device on Arvicola amphibius, which may also be used for studying other small mammal species
Interview of Teis Hansen, Full Professor at the Department of Food and Resource Economics, University of Copenhagen
No full textInternational audienceInterview of Teis Hansen, Full Professor at the Department of Food and Resource Economics, University of Copenhage
