Portail des publications scientifiques de VetAgro Sup
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Responses to novelty in wild insular birds: comparing breeding populations in ecologically contrasting habitats
No full text1/3International audienceIslands have always provided ideal natural laboratories for assessing ecological parameters influencing behaviour. One hypothesis that lends itself well to testing in island habitats suggests that animals frequenting highly variable environments should be motivated to approach and interact with (i.e. explore) novelty. Intra-species comparisons of populations living in ecologically different island habitats may, thus, help reveal the factors that modulate animals’ responses to novelty. In this study, we presented novel objects to two geographically isolated breeding populations of the black-faced sheathbill ( Chionis minor ), a sedentary land-based bird that frequents remote sub-Antarctic islands. In the first population ( Chionis minor ssp. crozettensis ), the “Crozet group” ( Baie du Marin , Ile de la Possession, Crozet Islands), breeding pairs inhabit a variable habitat close to penguin ( Aptenodytes patagonicus ) colonies. In the second population ( Chionis minor ssp. minor ), the “Kerguelen group” ( île Verte , Morbihan gulf, Kerguelen Islands) breeding pairs live in penguin-free territories. In this latter population, the environment is less variable due to the presence of a broad intertidal zone which ensures year-round food availability. At both Kerguelen and Crozet, at least one breeding partner in all pairs approached at least one of the novel objects, and we found no significant differences in the latency of approach between the two populations. However, sheathbills at Crozet touched objects significantly more than birds at Kerguelen, and were also faster to touch them. We discuss how environmental variability, along with other potential influencing factors, may favour exploration of novelty in this wild insular bird
Clinical findings, surgical techniques, prognostic factors for short‐term survival and long‐term outcome in horses with acquired inguinal hernias: Ninety‐eight cases (2005–2020)
No full text3International audienceObjective : To report findings, outcome and determine variables associated with survival in horses with acquired inguinal hernia (AIH). Study design Retrospective study. Animals A total of 98 cases in 97 horses. Methods : The medical records (2005–2020) of horses diagnosed with AIH were reviewed. Retrieved data included signalment, history, clinical variables, surgical aspects, postoperative complications, and short‐ and long‐term outcomes. Logistic regression analyses were used to determine factors associated with short‐term survival ( p < .05). Results : Manual reduction was attempted in a third of the cases (32/98, 33%) and emergency surgery to reduce the hernia was performed in 64 of 98 (65%) cases. Concurrent small intestinal (SI) volvulus was identified in 26 (26/98, 27%) cases. Castration was the most common technique used to prevent recurrence (64/94, 68%). Overall AIH recurrence rate was 11% (11/98). A total of 59 (59/98, 60%) cases survived to hospital discharge and 49 of 52 (94%) cases were still alive after 12 months. Cases admitted within 10 h of colic signs had increased odds of survival (72%) compared to those admitted after 10 h (26%; p < .001). Draft breeds ( p = .021), high heart rate on admission ( p = .001) and concurrent SI volvulus ( p = .048) were associated with reduced survival to hospital discharge. Conclusions : Horses with AIH had a higher risk of concurrent SI volvulus and lower survival than reported. Draft breeds, high heart rate on admission and concurrent SI volvulus were associated with reduced short‐term survival. Clinical significance The results of this study should help in prognostication for horses with AIH
4 - La démarche ZOOJEU - Transition ZOOJEU : faire avec les microbes entre menaces, santé et bien-être
No full textNational audienc
L’enrichissement de l’environnement des animaux d’élevage
No full textNational audienceLes animaux d’élevage vivent généralement dans des environnements plus pauvres que les animaux sauvages. Or un environnement pauvre en stimulations peut induire des stéréotypies, de l’apathie ou encore de l’agressivité. Plusieurs voies peuvent être utilisées pour enrichir l’environnement : l’enrichissement peut être sensoriel (stimulation d’un ou plusieurs sens : odeurs, images, sons, …), physique (complexité des enclos, ajouts d’objets), occupationnel (activités physiques ou cognitives), alimentaire (diversité d’aliments ou de modes de distribution), social (contacts avec des congénère) ou humain (contacts avec des humains). Face à un enrichissement, les animaux explorent (regardent, sentent), interagissent (lèchent, mordent ou utilisent l’enrichissement), jouent, ou encore résolvent des tâches. Les enrichissements ont pour point commun d’apporter des informations à l’animal : l’animal découvre des stimuli et en identifie les conséquences, il apprend également les conséquences de ses actes (en jouant ou en réalisant des tâches) et ces activités sont gratifiantes. Pour enrichir l’environnement, il convient donc d’augmenter la complexité et la variabilité de l’environnement et de donner des possibilités d’action à l’animal. Il est toutefois nécessaire de vérifier que les animaux interagissent effectivement avec l’enrichissement et que celui-ci n’a pas d’impact négatif à moyen ou long terme. En conclusion, deux voies d’amélioration du bien-être des animaux coexistent : l’amélioration de l’environnement (fournir à l’animal ce dont il a besoin et ce qu’il préfère, par ex. une aire de couchage confortable) et l’enrichissement de l’environnement (apporter des stimulations)
Perennial soil characteristics are the main factor driving in vitro inhibition of the wheat fungal pathogen Fusarium graminearum in a french case study
No full text1International audienceSoils are termed ‘suppressive’ when they can limit the emergence and propagation of plant diseases. However, little is known regarding what factors determine suppressiveness and whether they could be improved for a given soil. Agricultural practices, such as tillage systems, influence the properties of the soil, and could be a lever to improve soil suppression of pathogens. In this study, we investigated the impact of soil type and crop management practices on soil suppressiveness towards Fusarium graminearum , a major winter wheat ( Triticum aestivum ) pathogen. As it is transmitted via crop residues left on soil, F. graminearum is susceptible to soil suppression. Soil suppressiveness has been evaluated in more than a 100 sampled fields in the Limagne plain (Puy‐de‐Dôme, France), to represent a great diversity of soil types (either calcisol, vertisol or fluvisol) and cropping systems (organic, reduced tillage or intensive cropping systems). The physicochemical composition of the sampled soils and crop management practices, identified through farmer surveys, were included in a generalized linear mixed‐effect model to explain soil fungistasis. A fungistasis test was performed by putting a plug of PDA‐agar inoculated with Fusarium in contact with the soil and measuring the area of fungal growth. This test revealed a wide variety of soil fungistatic properties, ranging from conducive soils (22% of soil covered by fungal growth) to very suppressive soils (1% of soil covered). Suppressiveness was related to soil perennial properties ( p ‐value <.001) rather than practices. Overall, these results show that soil type and composition play a key role in fungistasis, and that soil suppressiveness is a complex, multifactorial process
Edible packaging systems for improved microbial quality of animal-derived foods and the role of emerging technologies
No full text2/1International audienceAnimal-derived foods are susceptible to microbial spoilage due to their superior nutritional composition and high moisture content. Among the various options, edible packaging is a relatively nascent area and can effectively control microbial growth without substantially affecting the sensory and techno-functional properties. Numerous studies have evaluated the effect of edible packaging systems on the microbial quality of animal-derived foods, however, a review that specifically covers the effect of edible packaging on animal foods and summarizes the findings of these studies is missing in the literature. To fill this gap, the present review analyses the findings of the studies on animal foods published during the last five years. Studies have reported edible-packaging systems for improving microbial stability of animal foods using different biopolymers (proteins, polysaccharides, lipids, and their derivatives) and bioactive ingredients (phytochemicals, peptides, plant extracts, essential oils, and their nanoparticles, nanoemulsions or coarse emulsions). In general, nanoparticles and nanoemulsions are more effective in controlling microbial spoilage in animal foods compared to the direct addition of bioactive agents to the film matrices. Studies have reported the use of non-thermal and emerging technologies in combination with edible packaging systems for improved food safety or their use for enhancing functionality, bioactivity and characteristics of the packaging systems. Future studies should focus on developing sustainable packaging systems using widely available biopolymers and bioactive ingredients and should also consider the economic feasibility at the commercial scale
Caractéristiques de la prédation des loups sur les bovins dans les territoires d'élevage à forte valeur ajoutée
No full textInternational audienceIn order to understand and limit the impact of predation on the cattle farming systems, a detailed analysis of all reports of damage to cattle was carried out in Savoie and Haute-Savoie, i.e. 147 reports over the period 2015-2020. In Savoie, the number of damages has multiplied by 7 in 5 years. The seasonality of this predation is particularly marked in April-May and September-October. This predation affects calves (29%) and heifers (29%), as well as adult cows (42%). Of the 63% of victims who died, the majority were calves (43%), but also heifers (31%) and adults (26%). The 37% of injured victims were 7% calves, 25% heifers and 68% adults. The victims were totally consumed in 12% of cases, partially consumed in 30% of cases and the non-consumed victims (58%), found dead or injured, showed lacerations and/or bites up to 21%. These signs of predation were located particularly on the hindquarters (63%), on the neck alone (8%) and on the rest of the body (29%). Victims who were not eaten, lacerated or bitten were characterised by cattle rockfall (21%), lameness or fractures (8%), mastitis (4%), dispersal of the herd or disappearance of calves (4%). This work provides an initial characterisation of wolf predation on cattle. Consumption and the diversity of modus operandi complicate the recognition of predation stigmata and the analysis of damages. This study invites us to question the current public systems and to identify adaptation strategies to deal with this emerging risk, which could have a major impact on grass-fed cattle farming areas, particularly those linked to high added-value production.Afin d’appréhender et de limiter les impacts de la prédation sur la filière bovine, une analyse détaillée a été réalisé sur l’ensemble des constats de dommages sur bovins à l’échelle de la Savoie et de la Haute-Savoie, soit 147 constats sur la période 2015-2020. Les résultats de cette analyse soulignent une montée en puissance des dommages sur bovins sur les deux départements : en Savoie, le nombre de dommages été multiplié par 7 en 5 ans. La saisonnalité de cette prédation est marquée par deux pics de signalements de dommages, en avril-mai et en septembre-octobre. Cette prédation se porte sur des veaux (29%), des génissons (29%) mais aussi sur des vaches adultes (42%). Parmi les 63% de victimes décédées, on relève une majorité de veaux (43%), mais aussi des génissons (31%) et des adultes (26%). Les 37% de victimes blessées se répartissent en 7% de veaux, 25% de génissons et 68% de adultes. Les victimes sont consommées totalement dans 12% des cas, partiellement dans 30% des cas et les victimes non consommées (58%), retrouvées mortes ou blessées, présentent des lacérations et/ou des morsures dans 21% des cas. Ces stigmates de prédation se localisent en particulier sur l’arrière-train pour 63% des victimes concernées, uniquement sur le cou (8%) et sur le reste du corps (29%). Les victimes ni consommées, ni lacérées, ni mordues, se caractérisent par des cas de dérochements (21%), de boiteries ou de fractures (8%), de mammites (4%), de dispersion du troupeau ou de disparitions de veaux (4%).Ce travail permet ainsi une première caractérisation de la prédation du loup sur les bovins. La consommation et la diversité des modes opératoires compliquent la reconnaissance des stigmates de la prédation et l'analyse des dommages. Cette étude invite alors à questionner les dispositifs publics actuels et à identifier des stratégies d’adaptations pour faire face à ce risque émergent pouvant impacter fortement les territoires d’élevage bovins à l’herbe et notamment ceux en lien avec une production à forte valeur ajoutée basée sur le pâturage
Metastatic neoplasia in equids: A retrospective clinical study of 37 cases
No full textInternational audienc
Minimally invasive splenectomy is associated with a low perioperative complication rate and short operative time in cats
No full text3International audienceOBJECTIVE To report the perioperative outcome and complications in cats undergoing minimally invasive splenectomy. ANIMALS 17 client-owned cats. METHODS Perioperative data were collected from cats undergoing minimally invasive splenectomy from September 2010 to June 2023. Data included history, signalment, preoperative examination and diagnostic testing results, operative technique and time, perioperative outcomes, complications, hospitalization duration, histopathological diagnosis, and outcome. RESULTS 13 spayed females and 4 neutered males were included, with a median age of 144 months (48 to 196 months). Seven cats underwent total laparoscopic splenectomy (TLS), with 1 cat requiring conversion from TLS to laparoscopic-assisted splenectomy (LAS) due to splenomegaly and an additional cat requiring conversion from TLS to open splenectomy due to uncontrollable splenic capsular hemorrhage. Ten cats underwent LAS, with 1 cat requiring conversion to open splenectomy due to splenomegaly. Additional procedures were performed in 13 cats, with the most common being liver biopsy in 10 cats. Median operative times were 50 minutes (45 to 90 minutes) for TLS and 35 minutes (25 to 80 minutes) for LAS. An intraoperative complication occurred in 1 cat. All but 1 cat survived to discharge. Median follow-up time was 234 days (18 to 1,761 days), with 15 of 16 cats confirmed alive at 30 days and 9 of 16 cats alive at 180 days postoperatively. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Minimally invasive splenectomy in this cohort of cats was associated with short operative times and a low perioperative complication rate. Veterinary surgeons may consider minimally invasive splenectomy as an efficient and feasible technique in the treatment of splenomegaly or modestly sized splenic masses for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes in cats
Evaluating the Effect of Temperature and Pooling in Detection and Isolation of the Major Non-O157 Shiga Toxin–Producing Escherichia coli Serogroups from Meat Samples with the Use of Alternative and Standard Methods
No full text2/3International audienceAbstract Pathogenic Shiga toxin–producing Escherichia coli (STEC) are an important cause of foodborne illness. The detection of STEC in finished products and during the manufacturing process has an important role as part of verification plans, to confirm that practices and procedures described in the food safety program are successfully applied to control STEC. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of temperature and pooling in detection and isolation of the major non-O157 STEC serogroups from meat samples with the use of alternative and standard methods. Bovine meat was experimentally inoculated with one of the “Top 6” non-O157 STEC strains (O26, O103, O111, O145, O45, and O121). Both ISO TS 13136:2012 and a novel alternative method were implemented to evaluate the impact of temperature and pooling. An increase of the enrichment temperature to 41.5 °C allowed the detection of the spiked strain in 10% more samples compared to enrichment at 37 °C. The use of 25- and 375-g sample tests demonstrated no statistically differences between both methods. And finally, this alternative method appears easy to use and time-saving for routine laboratory use