Portail des publications scientifiques de VetAgro Sup
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Les insectes sont-ils capables de ressentir de la douleur et des émotions ? VRAI ou FAUX ?
No full texthttps://chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/24-12-Les-insectes-sont-ils-capables-de-ressentir-de-la-douleur-et-des-emotions.pdfLa simplicité du système nerveux central des insectes a longtemps laissé penser que non. Des études récentes semblent pourtant indiquer qu'ils manifesteraient bien des états semblables à des émotions.
Genetic diversity of β-retroviruses causing respiratory cancers in small ruminants
No full textInternational audienceBackgroundENTV (Enzootic Nasal Tumor Virus) and JSRV (Jaagsiekte Sheep RetroVirus) are oncogenic β-retroviruses inducing respiratory cancers in small ruminants, endemic in many countries. While JSRV mainly infects sheep and induces lung cancer, ENTV-1 and ENTV-2 respectively infect sheep and goats and are responsible for nasal tumors. As in other mammals, multiples copies of endogenous β-retroviruses (ERV) resulting from ancestral infections of germinal cells are integrated in the sheep and goat genomes. Endogenous and exogenous retroviruses are highly related (~ 90 % of nt sequence similarity along the genome) making the specific detection of exogenous β-retroviruses a real challenge. There is a limited number of exogenous β-retroviruses sequences available in the public databases, and some of them may be resulting from the assembly of endogenous and exogenous copies leading to chimeric sequences. To selectively sequence the exogenous oncogenic viruses and characterize the circulating strains at the origin of cancers in flocks, we have developed a strategy to amplify partial or full-length exogenous genomes, based on (ERV vs exogenous) discriminating regions. MethodThe genetic diversity of the sheep and goat β-retroviruses (29 JSRV and 23 ENTV strains), circulating in France, has been analysed in the env gene, encoding the oncogenic determinant, and in the LTR (Long Terminal Repeat), the non-coding region of the integrated provirus controlling viral replication. ResultsFrench ENTVs were globally less diverse (0.4 % nucleotide variability) than JSRVs (4.8 %). JSRV strains circulating in France were distributed in 2 clades, already reported in other countries. Viruses analyzed along a 4-year period in the same flock evidenced the stability of JSRV, with no variability either in env or in the LTRs. The nucleotide and amino acid variability of env within a clade was respectively < 1.8 % and < 0.8 %, highlighting a high genomic stability of JSRV. The phylogenetic reconstruction based on LTR and env suggests that a single ENTV-2 strain circulates in France which does not cluster with previoulsy published sequences in Europe, North America or Asia. This characterization of JSRV and ENTV LTR sequences enabled us to develop a near full-length amplification of the proviruses. Using 3rd generation sequencing (Nanopore technology) we are currently investigating the global proviral polymorphism, quasispecies within a single host, and the presence of potential recombination events.ConclusionLay summary We developped and validated a new method to sequence simultaneously the provirus, integration site & transcriptome at the single cell level. This is approach is sensitice enough to capture the intra- and inter-clone diversity in viral transcript expression and identify the associated proviral structure
Mesure du rapport Atrium Gauche sur Aorte (AG/Ao) en urgence
No full textNational audienceLors de détresse respiratoire, de tachypnée ou de dyspnée, il est essentiel de faire la différence entre une origine cardiaque ou non.Un rapport AG/Ao supérieur à 1,64 a montré avoir une sensibilité de 84 % et une spécificité de 75 % pour une insuffisance cardiaque congestive chez le chat.Grâce à un examen échographique bidimensionnel, ce rapport est facile à obtenir, répétable et reproductible. Il compare la taille de l'atrium gauche par rapport à celle de l'aorte, permettant de s'affranchir de variabilités de poids entre individus
Norepinephrine infusion does not impact sublingual microcirculation in a porcine hemorrhagic shockmodel – an interim analysis
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Clinical findings and outcome in feline tetanus: a multicentric retrospective study of 27 cases and review of the literature
No full text3International audienceTetanus is a toxigenic illness caused by the action of Clostridium tetani neurotoxin (TeNT), which results in partial or generalized muscle stiffness in infected mammals and birds. The disease is rarely reported in cats due to their innate resistance to the toxin. This multicentric retrospective study aimed to describe a significant population of cats with a diagnosis of tetanus and report their signalment, clinical and neurological signs, diagnostic findings, treatment, and outcome. A retrospective search through medical records from 11 referral centers in Europe resulted in the identification of 27 cases of feline tetanus from July 2005 to April 2023. These cases were further compared with previously reported cases in the veterinary literature. Young cats were more commonly represented than older cats, with a median age of 4 years. Clinical signs were initially characterized by a lame and/or stiff limb, near the primary injury site, in 17/26 (65%) cats. Signs were focal or multifocal in 21/27 (78%) cats of this study and one typical sign was the inability to flex the most severely affected limbs. Electrodiagnostic studies revealed characteristic changes, such as continuous spontaneous motor unit discharges in both agonist and antagonist muscles. Such studies are particularly useful in focal and multifocal cases and should be performed to further support the diagnosis. The toxin was successfully identified in one case using the mouse bioassay. Treatment included antibiotherapy (metronidazole) in most cases, muscle relaxants, appropriate nursing cares and handling of potential complications. Overall, the outcome appeared to be positive, with only 1/27 (3.7%) cats being euthanized due to financial restrains. 23/25 (92%) cats returned to an independent ambulatory capacity on all limbs within a median delay of 25 days. Mild to moderate long-term sequelae were reported in eight (30%) cats. This multicentric study is the first to bring together such a large number of cats affected with tetanus. Presentation of the disease in cats differs from that observed in humans and dogs, with most cats being locally affected. Compared to previous reports of tetanus, this series of cats had a better outcome overall, especially for cats affected with generalized tetanus
Pupillometry and parasympathetic tone activity index to detect sympathetic nervous system activation during hemorrhage
No full textInternational audienceIntroduction: Hemorrhage activates the sympathetic nervous system (SNS), which helps maintain tissue perfusion but may mask the presence of bleeding. Assessing SNS activation could aid detection of occult hemorrhage. Our objective was to evaluate the utility of pupillometry and Parasympathetic tone activity index (PTA) in assessing SNS activation during hemorrhagic shock.Methods: Sixteen pigs were utilized. Following anesthesia and instrumentation, massive hemorrhage was induced by withdrawal of 35 ml/kg of blood: 20 ml/kg over 20 minutes then 15 ml/kg over the next 40 minutes. Hypotension was maintained post-hemorrhage for 1.5 hours. Pupil diameter and pupillary reflexes were measured every ten minutes using a Neurolight device (IDMED, Marseille, France). PTA (MDoloris device), heart rate (HR), and mean arterial pressure (MAP) were also recorded. Measurement changes over time and associations with the blood withdrawal volume were analyzed using mixed linear models and Pearson correlations. The results are presented as effect size (regression or correlation coefficient) and 95% confidence interval of the effect size. P-value < 0.05 were considered significant.Results: During blood withdrawal, a significant decrease in MAP (-0.6 mmHg/min [-0.7; -0.6], P < 0.0001), a significant increase in HR (1 bpm/min [0.9; 1.2], P < 0.0001) and pupillary diameter (0.02 mm/min [0.01; 0.02], P < 0.0001) were observed. Several parameters significantly correlated with the volume of blood withdrawn: decrease in MAP (r = -0.67, [-0.77; -0.55], P < 0.0001), increase in HR (r = 0.66, [0.53; 0.75], P < 0.0001) and increase in pupillary diameter (r = 0.32, [0.14; 0.48], P = 0.0009). During the hypotension phase, a significant but slight change in MAP (-0.05 mmHg/min, [-0.08; -0.02], P = 0.001) and pupillary diameter (0.004 mm/min, [0.002; 0.005], P < 0.0001) were observed, but HR did not vary significantly (0.02 bpm/min, [-0.04; 0.09], P = 0.50). Large variations in PTA were observed, preventing analysis. Pupillary reflexes were absent throughout.Discussion: The increase in HR and pupil diameter could reflect activation of the SNS. PTA values are not useful based on the data presented. Further studies are needed to evaluate the diagnostic performance of pupillometry in clinical settings
Characterization of the metabolism profile of skin repair and regeneration.
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: Effect of associated perennial species on septoria regulation and wheat microbiome
No full textSeptoria is a very common wheat disease in temperate zones and it is responsible for major yield losses. Crop association can have beneficial effects on disease regulation and can modify plant-microbiome. We are studying the association of wheat crops with different grasslands, with or without legumes, in the fields experiments of Clermont-Ferrand. The evolution of the incidence of septoria symptoms is studied on plots naturally contaminated by septoria or inoculated with Z.tritici spores. In both cases, wheat in association has fewer symptoms incidence that in monoculture for two wheat varieties. Moreover, here, we examined the microbial communities of the roots, the rhizosphere, and the bulk soil in the wheat monoculture compared with association. We found that cereal-legume association did not modify the microbial alpha diversity compared to the monoculture system. However, cereal-legume association changed beta-diversity and relative abundance of key bacteria family like Pseudomonadaceae, Bacillaceae and Rhizobiaceae. Certain families that are more abundant in the wheat-prairie association are identified as containing Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria. Overall, this association has a positive effect on the regulation of septoria and on the wheat microbiome. However, fast-growing grasslands have deleterious effects on wheat height and nutrition. Further research is needed to find more complementary combinations of grassland and wheat species in terms of resource acquisition. These findings provided new information about wheat microbiome and septoria regulation in culture association systems and promoted this new agricultural system