Portail des publications scientifiques de VetAgro Sup
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Detection and Identification of Pathogenic Leptospira spp. serogroups in Europe between 2017 and 2020 Applying a Novel Gene‐Based Molecular Approach
No full text3International audienceLeptospirosis is a neglected but reemerging worldwide zoonotic disease. Due to a rise in global temperature, precipitation, and urbanization, the risk of acquiring an infection with Leptospira ( L .) spp. increases in Europe. One species affected by leptospirosis living close to the human is the dog. Even though dogs can shed low numbers of leptospires, their value as sentinel animal aiding in understanding environmental reservoirs might be even more important for human and animal health. Therefore, it is crucial to study the prevalence of pathogenic L . spp. in dogs and tailor coordinated protective measures like vaccination. This study aimed to screen a collection of purified DNA extracted from canine field samples (blood and urine, n = 239) collected in Europe from dogs suspected of leptospirosis and found positive by the lipL32 PCR used for diagnostics. A new simple and effective molecular approach was developed to identify different leptospiral serogroups using first a 16S rRNA PCR and 16S rRNA gene sequencing for genomospecies determination followed by a PCR targeting the rfb gene locus responsible for LPS biosynthesis for serogroup classification. In total, 172 DNA samples were successfully tested. Results show that L . Icterohaemorrhagiae was detected as the most prevalent serogroup in Europe (53%), followed by L . Australis serogroup (13%). At lower percentages, L . Pomona (5%), L . Autumnalis (4%), and L . Sejroe (2%) were identified. This work emphasizes that current L4 vaccines are relevant and should confer a high efficacy profile at least against L . Icterohaemorrhagiae and L . Australis serogroups
Effect of nose twitching on the pupillary dilation in awake and anesthetized horses
No full text3International audiencePupillometry is used in humans to monitor pain, nociception and analgesia. This single-center, non-randomized, non-blinded intervention trial, evaluated the effect of nose twitching on the pupil size in awake, sedated, and anesthetized horses. Pupil height (H) and length (L) were measured before (Be) and after (Af) nose twitching in fourteen non-painful adult awake horses (T0). The percentage of variation (PSV) was calculated (PSVTn = [(TnAf-TnBe)/TnBe]*100). Measurements were repeated (Tn) after acepromazine (0.04 mg kg −1 IV) (T1), romifidine (0.04 mg kg −1 IV) (T2), morphine (0.1 mg kg −1 IV) (T3), after anesthesia induction with diazepam (0.05 mg kg −1 IV) and ketamine (2.2 mg kg −1 IV), at the time the horse was placed on the operating table (T4) and when the expiratory fraction of sevoflurane was 2% (T5). HAf vs. HBe, LAf vs. LBe as well as PSVH vs. PSVL at each time were compared with a Mann–Whitney Wilcoxon test. The PSVL and PSVH, as well as HBe and LBe over time were compared with the Skillings-Mack test followed by a Wilcoxon test for paired data to make pairwise comparisons (Tn + 1 vs. Tn). In non-sedated horses (T0), the application of the nose twitch induced a significant increase in pupil length (LT0Be: 17.09 [16.05; 19.67] mm versus LT0Af: 19.52 [18.74; 21.40]) mm ( p = 0.004). Thirty minutes after acepromazine administration (T1), nose twitching induced a significant increase in pupil length (LT1Be: 16.45 [14.80; 18.66] mm versus LT1Af 18.31 [17.20; 20.52] mm) ( p = 0.016) and height (HT1Be: 8.44 [5.68; 12.04] mm versus HT1Af: 11.09 [7.97; 14.3] mm) ( p < 0.001). PSVHT1 was significantly greater than PSVLT1 ( p = 0.025). PSVH was higher at T1 than at T0 ( p = 0.04). It was also significantly higher at T1 than at T2 ( p < 0.001). Romifidine induced mydriasis (HT2Be 16.95 [14.73; 18.77] mm versus HT1Be 8.44 [5.68; 12.04] mm) ( p < 0,001) (LT2Be 19.66 [18.45; 20.41] mm versus LT1Be 16.45 [14.80; 18.66] mm) ( p < 0.001). The results suggest that nose twitching induced a pupillary dilation in the awake horse. This effect was potentiated after the administration of acepromazine but disappeared after the administration of romifidine
High-flow nasal cannula oxygen therapy in seven cats with respiratory failure
No full text3International audienceCase series summary This case series describes seven cats that were treated with high-flow nasal cannula oxygen therapy (HFNOT). Seven cats were prospectively (n = 5) or retrospectively (n = 2) included from three veterinary university referral centers between March 2020 and September 2023. Data on signalment, medical history, clinical and diagnostic findings, treatment administered, response to HFNOT and outcomes were recorded. All cats included in this case series failed to respond to oxygen cage or flow-by oxygen therapy and were subsequently transitioned to HFNOT. After this transition, these cats demonstrated a marked improvement in respiratory parameters, including respiratory rate, effort and oxygen saturation measured by pulse oximetry, within 1 h of initiating HFNOT. All cats tolerated HFNOT well without any complications. Relevance and novel information There is limited literature reporting the use of HFNOT in feline patients. This is the first case series in the literature of HFNOT utilized as an advanced oxygen delivery method for feline respiratory failure. This case series indicates that HFNOT improves oxygenation in feline patients that fail to respond to conventional oxygen therapy
Forgotten landscapes on lava flows in France and Western Mexico
No full text1International audienceMonogenetic volcanism has generated blocky lava flows in many parts of the world. These rugged envi- ronments are generally considered unsuited for human settlement, and today are used almost exclusively for quarrying or timber harvesting where vegetation has developed. Furthermore, the difficulty of access limits effective exploration by scientists. Nevertheless, several archaeological sites have been discovered on some of these flows, notably in Mexico. The recent development of remote sensing by airborne laser scanning (LiDAR) offers exceptional prospects for the study of these geological formations and their exploitation by humans. In this paper we compare two contemporary archaeological areas on Quaternary monogenetic blocky lava flows: the Zacapu area in western-central Mexico, and the Chaîne des Puys in Central France. Both areas have benefited from LiDAR coverage. Originally developed in the Mexican context, a remote sensing methodology based on digital elevation model processing and visualization was used to identify geoforms and anthropogenic features in both areas. Although separated by several thousands of kilometers, we show that the methodology is as relevant in France as it is in Mexico. Furthermore, we identified the recurrence of morphologies and associated types of archaeological site locations and patterns. We argue that this type of lava flow, though marginalized today, was attractive to human groups in ancient times as a strategic, but also a resourceful geoecological setting
Retrospective study of the early clinical experience with a precontoured angle-stable interlocking nail for fracture repair in dogs and cats
No full text3International audienceObjective: To report indications, outcomes, and complications with a precontoured angle-stable interlocking nail (CAS-ILN).Animals: 90 client-owned animals.Methods: Dogs and cats treated with the CAS-ILN between 2020 and 2022 were retrospectively reviewed. Collected data included body weight, fracture configuration, percentage of medullary canal filled, limb alignment, complications, and follow-up. Favorable outcomes were defined when full functional restoration was observed.Results: Thirty-eight dogs and 52 cats were included. Median body weight was 4.3 kg (range, 1.5 to 6.7 kg) for cats and 25 kg (range, 6.8 to 54 kg) for dogs. A total of 54 femurs, 31 tibias, and 5 humeri were treated, including 65 comminuted fractures and 26 metaphyseal fractures. The median percentage of medullary canal occupied by the nail was 76.5% (range, 53% to 97.6%). Radiographic postoperative bone alignment was good in 85.5% (59/69) and satisfactory in 10 cases. The median duration of follow-up (57/90) was 476 days (range, 56 to 1,057 days). In the perioperative period (0 to 12 weeks), lameness had resolved or was mild in all (51/52) but 1 case. In the long-term postoperative period (> 12 months), 97.1% (34/35) of cases showed restoration of full function and 1 case had an unacceptable function. An overall complication rate of 11.5% (7/61) was reported including 1 catastrophic and 6 major complications.Clinical relevance: Long-term functional outcomes following the CAS-ILN were favorable in 97.1% (34/35) of cases. Complication rates were comparable to previous studies. The CAS-ILN appears to be an alternative surgical option for most long-bone fracture repairs
DRomics: Dose Response for Omics
No full textSeveral functions are provided for dose-response (or concentration-response) characterization from omics data. 'DRomics' is especially dedicated to omics data obtained using a typical dose-response design, favoring a great number of tested doses (or concentrations) rather than a great number of replicates (no need of replicates). 'DRomics' provides functions 1) to check, normalize and or transform data, 2) to select monotonic or biphasic significantly responding items (e.g. probes, metabolites), 3) to choose the best-fit model among a predefined family of monotonic and biphasic models to describe each selected item, 4) to derive a benchmark dose or concentration and a typology of response from each fitted curve. In the available version data are supposed to be single-channel microarray data in log2, RNAseq data in raw counts, or already pretreated continuous omics data (such as metabolomic data) in log scale. In order to link responses across biological levels based on a common method, 'DRomics' also handles apical data as long as they are continuous and follow a normal distribution for each dose or concentration, with a common standard error. For further details see Delignette-Muller et al (2023
Getting to the root of delays in reporting African swine fever suspected cases
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Cross-transmission of resistant gastrointestinal nematodes between wildlife and transhumant sheep
No full text2/1/3International audienceWild and domestic ungulates can be infected with the same species of gastrointestinal parasitic nematodes. These parasites have free-living stages in the environment that contribute to the ease of transmission among different host species. In addition, gastrointestinal nematodes have developed resistance to anthelmintics which is now considered a major problem for the livestock sector. In a context where wild and domestic ungulates share the same pastures, the maintenance and circulation of resistant gastrointestinal nematodes between species have rarely been explored. In the European Alps, domestic sheep are driven to high-altitude summer pastures and live in sympatry with wild ungulates for several months each year. In this study, we investigated the nemabiome of domestic sheep and Alpine ibex, Capra ibex, in three different areas of the French Alps to evaluate parasite circulation between the two host species. The Alpine ibex is a protected mountain ungulate that is phylogenetically related to sheep and hosts nematode species common to sheep. Using internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS-2) nemabiome metabarcoding, we found sheep and ibex share similar gastrointestinal nematodes, except for a few species such as Marshallagia marshalli and Trichostrongylus axei. This suggests that the long-term co-occurrence of sheep and ibex on mountain pastures has promoted the exchange of gastrointestinal nematodes between the two hosts. Based on the sequencing of the isotype 1 of the beta tubulin gene, associated with benzimidazole resistance, we found resistant nematodes in all sheep flocks and in all ibex populations. Our results demonstrated that ibex can host and shed resistant strains before transhumant sheep arrive on pastures, and thus could act as a refuge or even contribute to maintaining resistant gastrointestinal nematodes. The relative role of ibex in the maintenance and circulation of resistant strains in sheep remain to be determined
Sex predicts response to novelty and problem-solving in a wild bird with female-biased sexual dimorphism
No full text1/3International audienceA wide range of animals, including a number of bird, fish, mammal and reptile species, show sex differences in cognitive tests. Hardly anything is known, however, about whether and how sex-specific non-cognitive factors (e.g. response to novelty) affect the expression of cognition in the wild. We used a series of learning and problem-solving tasks in wild breeding skuas, a species in which females are the larger sex (female-biased sexual size dimorphism). We also evaluated the birds’ response to novelty (novel objects) before and after the tasks were administered. Both sexes performed equally well in learning ( Discrimination-learning task ) and re-learning ( Reversal-learning task ) food associations with colour and spatial cues, but female skuas outperformed males in problem-solving tasks ( String-pulling task , Box-opening task ). Females were also less neophobic than males: they were faster at accepting a food reward in novel situations. Better female performance may not imply higher cognition per se . Sex-specific size differences may translate into less or more neophobic behavioural types, which, in turn, predict females’ problem-solving success and response to novelty. Species with female-biased sexual dimorphism may present a useful model to assess the interactions between sex, non-cognitive factors and cognition in the wild
Retrospective evaluation of the agreement between thoracic point-of-care ultrasound and thoracic radiographs in cats with recent trauma: 111 cats
No full text3International audienceIntroduction Motor vehicular trauma, bite wounds, high-rise syndrome, and trauma of unknown origin are common reasons cats present to the emergency service. In small animals, thoracic injuries are often associated with trauma. The objective of this retrospective study was to evaluate limits of agreement (LOA) between thoracic point-of-care ultrasound (thoracic POCUS) and thoracic radiography (TXR), and to correlate thoracic POCUS findings to animal trauma triage (ATT) scores and subscores in a population of cats suffering from recent trauma. Methods Cats that had thoracic POCUS and TXR performed within 24 h of admission for suspected/witnessed trauma were retrospectively included. Thoracic POCUS and TXR findings were assessed as “positive” or “negative” based on the presence or absence of injuries. Cats positive on thoracic POCUS and TXR were assigned 1 to 5 tentative diagnoses: pulmonary contusions/hemorrhage, pneumothorax, pleural effusion, pericardial effusion, and diaphragmatic hernia. When available ATT scores were calculated. To express LOA between the two imaging modalities a kappa coefficient and 95% CI were calculated. Interpretation of kappa was based on Cohen values. Results One hundred and eleven cats were included. 83/111 (74.4%) cats were assessed as positive based on thoracic POCUS and/or TXR. Pulmonary contusion was the most frequent diagnosis. The LOA between thoracic POCUS and TXR were moderate for all combined injuries, moderate for pulmonary contusions/hemorrhage, pneumothorax, diaphragmatic hernia, and fair for pleural effusion. Cats with positive thoracic POCUS had significantly higher median ATT scores and respiratory subscores compared to negative thoracic POCUS cats. Discussion The frequency of detecting intrathoracic lesions in cats was similar between thoracic POCUS and TXR with fair to moderate LOA, suggesting thoracic POCUS is useful in cats suffering from trauma. Thoracic POCUS may be more beneficial in cats with higher ATT scores, particularly the respiratory score