Portail des publications scientifiques de VetAgro Sup
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Vaccination et anémie immunologique chez le chien
No full textNational audienceVaccination does not increase the risk of immune-mediated anaemia in dogs, although it sould be considered when diagnosing this type of condition. The vaccination schedule and protocols should be adapted depending on the introduction of immunosuppressive treatment. It is recommended that vaccinations be updated before the start of treatment, which may difficult to achieve in practice, and that live attenuated vaccines are not used in animals recieving immunosuppressants.La vaccination n'augmente pas le risque d'anémie immunologique chez le chien, même si elle doit être prise en compte lors du diagnostic de ce type d'affection. La mise en place d'un traitement immunosuppresseur implique une adaptation du calendrier et des protocoles vaccinaux. Il est recommandé de mettre à jour les vaccinations avant le début du traitement -ce qui en pratique est difficilement conciliable avec les usages- et de ne pas utiliser des vaccins vivants atténués chez les animaux recevant un immunosuppresseur
A survey of anthelmintic efficacy in dairy goat farms in South-East France
No full text2/1/3International audienceHighlights: • This is the first survey on resistance of GINs to benzimidazoles and eprinomectin in dairy goats’ farms in France. • A lack of efficacy for BZ and EPN was found in > 75% farms. • The occurrence of resistance to both BZ and EPN has been identified in several farms. • This last statement questioned the future of control of GIN in dairy small ruminants based on synthetic anthelmintics.Abstract: Goat’s milk production is an important activity in France. Gastrointestinal nematodes (GIN) remain a main threat for grazing goats, usually controlled using anthelmintic drugs (AH). However, 1) eprinomectin (EPN) is the sole molecule yet available without withdrawal time for milk in France; 2) nematodes AH resistances increase dramatically. First, a survey was performed on 13 farms in the Auvergne-Rhˆ one-Alpes (AURA) region to evaluate the efficacy of 2 AH authorized for dairy goats: a benzimidazole (BZ) and a macrocyclic lactone (EPN pour-on). Fecal Egg Count Reduction Tests (FECRT) were carried out using 3 groups of 10 goats per farm: a control group, one treated with BZ (oxfendazole) and one treated with EPN. The results indicate a resistance to BZ in 11 out of 13 farms (84.6%) and a lack of efficacy for EPN pour-on in at least 10 farms (76.9%). Secondly, EPN was given orally or subcutaneously in 4 farms of the previous trial showing a lack of efficacy to EPN pour-on. A resistance to EPN was confirmed in 3 out of 4 farms. Although based on a few farms, these results confirm the high prevalence of resistance of GIN to BZ in dairy goat farms. They also highlight a high level of resistance to EPN and the lack of efficacy of EPN when used pour-on. Given the level of resistance to marketed drugs, there is an urgent need to explore alternative options to AH to prepare integrated, sustainable control of GIN
Evaluation of the diagnostic reliability of a digital expert diagnostic tool VETAID for cattle disorders
No full textInternational audienc
What security and for whom? The social construction of exclusion of migrants from citizen security and health security in Mexico
No full textInternational audienceAbstract This article explores the social construction of international migrants as a threat to public health and public safety in Mexico, specifically in the case of the Metropolitan Area of Monterrey, since relations within this new sense of “otherness” in this city cause issues for public health and citizen security as traditionally conceived. An in‐depth review of the secondary literature on citizen security and health security related to migration and of the Mexican legal framework was conducted, and public information requests were made to Mexican public agencies. If citizen and health security are complementary paradigms, migrants seem excluded from their application. Far from being considered holders of rights, they are primarily restricted in their exercise of rights because they are not “citizens.” These “newcomers” are perceived as “pathogenic agents” and “criminal illegal immigrants” rather than as deserving of these rights by the authorities, the media, and the majority population of Monterrey. These dynamics are likely to keep them not only on the fringes of “the city” but also in a very vulnerable position to fall victim to of all kinds of exploitation, resulting in a form of “management” of human mobility based on exclusion.Este artículo explora la construcción social de la migración internacional como una amenaza para la salud pública y la seguridad ciudadana en México, específicamente en el caso del Área Metropolitana de Monterrey, puesto que, en esta ciudad, las relaciones con este nuevo sentido de “otredad” complican las concepciones tradicionales de la salud pública y de la seguridad ciudadana. Se realizó una revisión profunda de la literatura secundaria sobre seguridad ciudadana y seguridad sanitaria relacionada con la migración, así como del marco jurídico mexicano, y se hicieron solicitudes de información pública a dependencias de gobierno. Si bien la seguridad ciudadana y la seguridad sanitaria son paradigmas complementarios, las personas migrantes parecen excluidas de su aplicación. Lejos de ser consideradas titulares de derechos, se les restringe su ejercicio por no ser “ciudadanos”. Las autoridades, los medios de comunicación y la población mayoritaria de Monterrey perciben a estas personas “recién llegadas” como “agentes patógenos” e “inmigrantes ilegales criminales” más que como merecedoras de estos derechos. Es probable que esta dinámica las mantenga no sólo al margen de “la ciudad”, sino también en una posición muy vulnerable para ser víctimas de todo tipo de explotación, lo que da lugar a una forma de “gestión” de la movilidad humana basada en la exclusión
Estimation of the variability of the specificity of gamma interferon tests used for bovine tuberculosis surveillance in France
No full textInternational audienc
Too hot or too disturbed? Temperatures more than hikers affect circadian activity of females in northern chamois
No full text3/1International audienc
Modeling West Nile virus transmission in birds and humans: Advantages of using a cellular automata approach
No full text2/3International audienceIn Canada, the periodic circulation of West Nile Virus (WNV) is difficult to predict and, beyond climatic factors, appears to be related to the migratory movements of infected birds from the southern United States. This hypothesis has not yet been explored in a spatially distributed model. The main objective of this work was to develop a spatially explicit dynamic model for the transmission of WNV in Canada, that allows us to explore non-climate related hypotheses associated with WNV transmission. A Cellular Automata (CA) approach for multiple hosts (birds and humans) is used for a test region in eastern Ontario, Canada. The tool is designed to explore the role of host and vector spatial het- erogeneity, host migration, and vector feeding preferences. We developed a spatialized compartmental SEIRDS-SEI model for WNV transmission with a study region divided into 4 km2 rectangular cells. We used 2010e2021 bird data from the eBird project and 2010e2019 mosquito data collected by Ontario Public Health to mimic bird and mosquito seasonal variation. We considered heterogeneous bird densities (high and low suitability areas) and homogeneous mosquito and human densities. In high suitability areas for birds, we identified 5 entry points for WNV-infected birds. We compared our simulations with pools of WNV-infected field collected mosquitoes. Simu- lations and sensitivity analyses were performed using MATLAB software. The results showed good correspondence between simulated and observed epidemics, supporting the validity of our model assumptions and calibration. Sensitivity analysis showed that a 5% increase or decrease in each parameter of our model except for the biting rate of bird by mosquito (cðB;MÞ Þ and mosquito natural mortality rate (d M ), had a very limited effect on the total number of cases (newly infected birds and humans), prevalence peak, or date of occurrence. We demonstrate the utility of the CA approach for studying WNV transmission in a heterogeneous landscape with multiple hosts
Plant–soil synchrony in nutrient cycles: Learning from ecosystems to design sustainable agrosystems
No full text1International audienceRedesigning agrosystems to include more ecological regulations can help feed a growing human population, preserve soils for future productivity, limit dependency on synthetic fertilizers, and reduce agriculture contribution to global changes such as eutrophication and warming. However, guidelines for redesigning cropping systems from natural systems to make them more sustainable remain limited. Synthetizing the knowledge on biogeochemical cycles in natural ecosystems, we outline four ecological systems that synchronize the supply of soluble nutrients by soil biota with the fluctuating nutrient demand of plants. This synchrony limits deficiencies and excesses of soluble nutrients, which usually penalize both production and regulating services of agrosystems such as nutrient retention and soil carbon storage. In the ecological systems outlined, synchrony emerges from plant–soil and plant–plant interactions, eco‐physiological processes, soil physicochemical processes, and the dynamics of various nutrient reservoirs, including soil organic matter, soil minerals, atmosphere, and a common market. We discuss the relative importance of these ecological systems in regulating nutrient cycles depending on the pedoclimatic context and on the functional diversity of plants and microbes. We offer ideas about how these systems could be stimulated within agrosystems to improve their sustainability. A review of the latest advances in agronomy shows that some of the practices suggested to promote synchrony (e.g., reduced tillage, rotation with perennial plant cover, crop diversification) have already been tested and shown to be effective in reducing nutrient losses, fertilizer use, and N2O emissions and/or improving biomass production and soil carbon storage. Our framework also highlights new management strategies and defines the conditions for the success of these nature‐based practices allowing for site‐specific modifications. This new synthetized knowledge should help practitioners to improve the long‐term productivity of agrosystems while reducing the negative impact of agriculture on the environment and the climate
