Portail des publications scientifiques de VetAgro Sup
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A la recherche du bon contrat entre l'éleveur et le vétérinaire
No full textCompte rendu écrit et réalisé par Eric Youn
If you were a cow?
No full textSession 60. Viable future dairy farming systems and products from production, feeding, environmental and consumer viewpointInternational audienceThe aim of this study was to clarify the concept of eco-citizen dairy farming developed in the Coccinelle project,from the mental representations of visitors to a public event helded near Clermont-Ferrand (300,000 inhabitants),in response to the question: If you were a cow, what would you prefer? Forty groups of 1 to 5 people answered aphoto-based quiz. For each of 12 themes proposed (e.g. What do you prefer to eat in winter?) participants chosebetween 3 answers (e.g. hay, maize silage or wrapped bales) illustrated by a photo and a short explanatory text.The photo illustrating the situation judged as POSitive was placed in a specific box. The two remaining photoswere placed in the NEUtral or NEGative boxes. An anonymous questionnaire characterised each participant(gender, age, residence), their frequency of contact with farmers and their sensitivity to animal welfare. The datacollected was processed by factorial correspondence analysis, then by cluster classification. Axis 1 of the analyserepresents 73% of the variability in responses and opposes POS practices with NEU or NEG. Cluster 1 groupstogether 77% of situations judged POS, 19% of NEU and 4% of NEG. In contrast, cluster 3 groups 63% of NEGsituations, 30% of NEU and 7% of POS. For participants, the ideal would be to be a cow of a rustic breed withhorns, mated to a dairy bull, rearing its calf, housed in a free stall with straw and a rotating brush for scratching.Fed hay in winter, she benefits from a mobile milking parlour and shaded pastures surrounded by electric wires insummer. She has positive contact with the farmer, who also looks after her health. As this ideal is far from realityon the majority of French farms, citizens and farmers need to discuss how to reduce the gap between them
Traitements des helminthoses digestives chez le chien et le chat
No full textNational audienceMany products are available for the control of digestive nematodes and cestodes in dogs and cats.Expert working groups like European Scientific Counsel Companion Animal Parasites (Esscap) recommend an individual risk assessment for each animal to determine whether anthelmintic treatment is necessary, and its frequency of administration. The scheme deworming for individual adult carnivores is based on the difnition of four risk groups in dogs, and two risk groups in cats. Additional recommendations are provided for specific situations. As an alternative to repeated treatments, fecal examinations can be performed at suitable intervals followed by anthelmintic treatments when scored positive.Il existe de nombreuses spécialités actives contre les nématodes et les cestodes, les parasites digestifs du chien ou du chat. Les experts en parasitologie, comme ceux appartenant à l'European Scientific Counsel Companion Animal Parasites (Esscap), préconisent l'utilisation de ces produits dans le cadre de programmes de traitements antiparasitaires fondés sur l'évaluation individuelle du risque d'infestation. Pour les animaux adultes, les conseils sont répartis en quatre catégories pour le chien et deux catégories pour le chat, en lien avec les risques parasitaires associés au mode de vie. Des recommandations sont fournies pour les situations particulières. La solution alternative aux traitements systématiques passe par des examens de fèces réguliers, suivis d'un traitement en cas de résultat positif
A stochastic modelling study of quarantine strategies against foot-and-mouth disease risks through cattle trades across the Thailand-Myanmar border
No full text2/3International audienceFoot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is an important endemic disease in livestock in Southeast Asia.Transboundary movement of animals may result in the transnational disease spread. A majorcattle market is located at the Thailand-Myanmar border, where most cattle imported fromMyanmar are traded. In this study, we built a stochastic susceptible-exposed-infectious-recovered (SEIR) model to investigate the effectiveness of a private animal quarantine servicecenter in preventing FMDV from entering the major cattle market. We computed with differentparameters and found that, with 50% vaccine effectiveness, the risk of releasing infected cattle tothe market per batch was generally low during the quarantine period of 21 and 28 days, with therisk ranging from 0.071 to 0.078 and 0.032 to 0.036, respectively. Despite the best scenario, thezero-risk state is difficult to attain. The sensitivity analysis highlights that the percentage ofimmune animals before entering the quarantine centers and the vaccine effectiveness areimportant factors. In conclusion, the 21-day quarantine period mitigates the risk of FMDVintroduction into the cattle market. This control measure should be rigorously maintained tosustainably prevent FMDV outbreaks through transboundary animal movements, especiallyamong countries in FMD-endemic regions
Use of a custom‐made acetabular cage to treat aseptic loosening following cemented total hip replacement in a giant breed dog
No full text3International audienceAbstract A 7‐year‐old, female, spayed Dogo Argentino was presented with right hindlimb lameness 9 months following right total hip replacement. Investigations identified loosening of the acetabular cup and significant loss of bone stock, including defects of the dorsal acetabular rim and caudal pillar. A custom‐made acetabular cage inspired from the human acetabular reinforcement ring was implanted and fixed into the ilium and the acetabular rim with screws. Improvement in right hindlimb function was delayed by the occurrence of a right cranial cruciate ligament rupture; however, radiography 6 months following the surgery demonstrated osseointegration despite loosening of a single screw. Three years postoperatively, the dog showed no resentment on manipulation of the right hip and the owners reported a return to normal activity including off‐lead running. Aseptic cup loosening associated with acetabular medial wall and caudal pillar defect were ameliorated using a custom‐made acetabular cage in a giant breed dog
Measuring productivity when technology is heterogeneous using a latent class stochastic frontier model
No full text1International audienceWe examine an extension of the latent class stochastic frontier model (LCSFM) to productivity estimation and the decomposition of productivity change into technical change, output-oriented technical efficiency change, and scale change. We base our productivity estimation on a Multi-class Grifell-Tatjé, Lovell & Orea Malmquist (GLOM) index. An advantage of this new productivity index is to account for classes' posterior probabilities to derive individual farm parameters. In addition, we extend our analysis to estimate a metafrontier GLOM productivity index to explore potentialities when all firms use the best available technologies. An empirical application to a sample of French sheep and goat farms observed between 2002 and 2021 confirms the necessity to account for technological heterogeneity when measuring productivity change. Among the two classes of farms identified by the LCSFM, the intensive class experiences TFP gains, while the extensive class sees its TFP worsening. However, the gap between intensive and extensive technologies seems to reduce over time. Finally, the multi-class GLOM reveals technical change as the primary driver of productivity for French goat and sheep farms
Vaccination of poultry against highly pathogenic avian influenza – Part 2. Surveillance and mitigation measures
No full textInternational audienceSelecting appropriate diagnostic methods that take account of the type of vaccine used is important when implementing a vaccination programme against highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI). If vaccination is effective, a decreased viral load is expected in the samples used for diagnosis, making molecular methods with high sensitivity the best choice. Although serological methods can be reasonably sensitive, they may produce results that are difficult to interpret. In addition to routine molecular monitoring, it is recommended to conduct viral isolation, genetic sequencing and phenotypic characterisation of any HPAI virus detected in vaccinated flocks to detect escape mutants early. Following emergency vaccination, various surveillance options based on virological testing of dead birds ('bucket sampling') at defined intervals were assessed to be effective for early detection of HPAIV and prove disease freedom in vaccinated populations. For ducks, virological or serological testing of live birds was assessed as an effective strategy. This surveillance could be also applied in the peri-vaccination zone on vaccinated establishments, while maintaining passive surveillance in unvaccinated chicken layers and turkeys, and weekly bucket sampling in unvaccinated ducks. To demonstrate disease freedom with > 99% confidence and to detect HPAI virus sufficiently early following preventive vaccination, monthly virological testing of all dead birds up to 15 per flock, coupled with passive surveillance in both vaccinated and unvaccinated flocks, is recommended. Reducing the sampling intervals increases the sensitivity of early detection up to 100%. To enable the safe movement of vaccinated poultry during emergency vaccination, laboratory examinations in the 72 h prior to the movement can be considered as a risk mitigation measure, in addition to clinical inspection; sampling results from existing surveillance activities carried out in these 72 h could be used. In this Opinion, several schemes are recommended to enable the safe movement of vaccinated poultry following preventive vaccination
Caractérisation des profils de macrophages pulmonaires dans un modèle porcin de choc septique
No full textNational audienc
Review state-of-the-art of output-based methodological approaches for substantiating freedom from infection
No full text2International audienceA wide variety of control and surveillance programmes that are designed and implemented based on country-specific conditions exists for infectious cattle diseases that are not regulated. This heterogeneity renders difficult the comparison of probabilities of freedom from infection estimated from collected surveillance data. The objectives of this review were to outline the methodological and epidemiological considerations for the estimation of probabilities of freedom from infection from surveillance information and review state-of-the-art methods estimating the probabilities of freedom from infection from heterogeneous surveillance data. Substantiating freedom from infection consists in quantifying the evidence of absence from the absence of evidence. The quantification usually consists in estimating the probability of observing no positive test result, in a given sample, assuming that the infection is present at a chosen (low) prevalence, called the design prevalence. The usual surveillance outputs are the sensitivity of surveillance and the probability of freedom from infection. A variety of factors influencing the choice of a method are presented; disease prevalence context, performance of the tests used, risk factors of infection, structure of the surveillance programme and frequency of testing. The existing methods for estimating the probability of freedom from infection are scenario trees, Bayesian belief networks, simulation methods, Bayesian prevalence estimation methods and the STOC free model. Scenario trees analysis is the current reference method for proving freedom from infection and is widely used in countries that claim freedom. Bayesian belief networks and simulation methods are considered extensions of scenario trees. They can be applied to more complex surveillance schemes and represent complex infection dynamics. Bayesian prevalence estimation methods and the STOC free model allow freedom from infection estimation at the herd-level from longitudinal surveillance data, considering risk factor information and the structure of the population. Comparison of surveillance outputs from heterogeneous surveillance programmes for estimating the probability of freedom from infection is a difficult task. This paper is a ‘guide towards substantiating freedom from infection’ that describes both all assumptions-limitations and available methods that can be applied in different settings