Portail des publications scientifiques de VetAgro Sup
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Efficacy and innocuity of lotilaner in the treatment of otodectic mange in ferrets
No full text3International audienceOtodectes cynotis is a contagious ear mite generally responsible of a parasitic otitis. This prospective study evaluates the efficacy, safety and impact on quality of life (QoL) of oral lotilaner for the treatment of Otodectes infestation in ferrets. Ferrets of weight greater than 500 g, with Otodectes mites confirmed on ear swabs examination and that did not receive an acaricidal treatment in the previous two weeks were included. Oral lotilaner (Credelio 12 mg, ELANCO FRANCE, Sèvres, France) was administered at inclusion day (D0) and 28 days later (D28). Parasitic counts and clinical examination were performed at D0, D28 and D56. A QoL and owner satisfaction questionnaire was given at D0 and D56. Statistical analysis was performed with Shapiro-Wilk test for normality and Wilcoxon test for mean comparison (significance: p<0.05). Eleven ferrets were included, two were asymptomatic. Mean weight was 1.2 kg (0.68-2.66). Mean lotilaner dose was 12.3 mg/kg (9-17.6). Mean eggs, adults or nymphs, larvae, and fragments counts were 30.4 (3-104), 11.2 (1-61), 5.4 (0-36), 3.5 (1-7) respectively at D0; 0, 0, 0.1 (0-1), 0.5 (0-3) respectively at D28; 0, 0, 0, 0.14 (0-1) respectively at D56. Differences were statistically significant from baseline in all cases (p<0.05). Pruritus was absent in all cases at D56. No adverse effects were reported. All owners were "completely satisfied" with the treatment. Mean impact of the disease on QoL was 4.5/18 (SD=4.15) at D0 and 0 at D56 (significant difference, p<0.05). Oral lotilaner appears as a safe, efficient, easy to use and satisfactory treatment of Otodectes cynotis infestation in ferrets
Mycoplasma equirhinis, a disregarded player in equine respiratory disorders?
No full textInternational audienceBackground: Respiratory disorders are associated with poor performance and economic losses in the equine industry.[1] Mycoplasma (M.) spp. have been regularly reported in up to 15% of respiratory specimens but their clinical contribution remains unclear.Objectives: Characterisation of Mycoplasma species and evaluation of their role in equine respiratory disorders.Study design: retrospective descriptiveMethods: In total, 1948 respiratory samples were collected and analysed from 1764 horses in France over the 2020–2022 period.[2] Mycoplasmas were detected by PCR post enrichment and culture. Detection results were interpreted using clinical scoring, risk factor analysis as well as testing for association with other potential etiological agents The genomes of several M. equirhinis isolates were sequenced and compared.Results: The prevalence of mycoplasmas was refined to 16.1%, with a predominance of M. equirhinis species (85.3%). The M. equirhinis prevalence remained steady whatever the clinical score. Nonetheless, it increased significantly in the presence of Streptococcus equi subsp. zooepidemicus or EHV-5 virus. In bronchoalveolar lavages, the detection of M. equirhinis was associated with neutrophil-mediated inflammation, suggesting it could participate in an inappropriate immune response as observed in equine asthma. M. equirhinis genomes were shown to be highly homogeneous, with a few mobile genetic elements, such as an M. arginini-like ICE and a M. arthritidis-like prophage. The repertoire of genes putatively associated with virulence was limited to cytoadherence and immune escape, like its closest phylogenetic neighbour, M. hominis.Main limitation: Lack of a quantitative method to detect M. equirhinis directly from clinical specimens.Conclusions: M. equirhinis is not a primary pathogen but could contribute to clinical signs in association with other opportunistic pathogens. It could play a part in the equine respiratory disease complex essentially through dysregulation of the host immune response, as is well known for other mycoplasma species in other respiratory complexes.Ethical animal research: Not required: retrospective case series and analysis of microorganisms.Informed consent: Not stated.Competing interests: None declared.Funding: IFCE (Institut Français du Cheval et de l'Equitation), FondsEperon and GIS Centaure.References:[1] Wood JLN, Newton JR, Chanter N, Mumford JA. Association between respiratory disease and bacterial and viral infections in British racehorses. J Clin Microbiol 2005;43(1):120–126. DOI:10.1128/JCM.43.1.120-126.2005.[2] Martineau M, Kokabi E, Taiebi A, Lefebvre S, Pradier S, Jaÿ M, Tardy F, Leon A. Epidemiology and pathogenicity of M. equirhinis in equine respiratory disorders. Vet Microbiol. 2023;287:109926.DOI:10.1016/j.vetmic.2023.109926
Clinical study of potential factors influencing the histological score of pulmonary fibrosis in horses with interstitial fibrosing lung disease
No full textInternational audienceBackground: Pulmonary fibrosis (PF) is a tissue repair mechanism that can be abnormally dysregulated by ageing, predisposing environmental factors and microbes. It is poorly documented in horses. An association between PF disorders and y-herpesvirus infection has been established in several species.Objectives: This study aims to establish a histological fibrosis score (HFS) system on lung histological sections and to assess the potential relationship with age, EHV-5 viral load in lung tissue and clinicaloutcome.Study design: Retrospective clinical study.Methods: Clinical information from horses presented for respiratory distress and interstitial lung diseases (ILD) was recorded. Antemortem transthoracic lung biopsies or post-mortem pulmonary samples from horses with severe generalised interstitial radiographic patterns, and previous histological identification of replacement of alveoli by fibrosis and collagen were selected. The severity of PF was assessed blindly using a previously described histologic scoring (/8) [1]. EHV-5 qPCR (Ct) was performed on lung tissue. Shapiro–Wilk, Fisher and Spearman correlation tests were used to analyse the data.Results: Twenty-five cases were included. Median age was 14-yo (4–29-yo). EHV-5 was detected in 12 of 25 horses (48%). HFS ranged from 1 to 6/8 (median 4/8) and was not different between EHV-5-or negative groups (p = 0.7). Eighteen out of 25 horses (72%) and 12/25 (50%) with PF survived to discharge and 3 months, respectively, with no statistical difference between EHV-5 positive and negative horses (p = 0.7). HFS was moderately negatively correlated to short-term survival (r = 0.55, p = 0.005) but not survival at 3 months (r = -0.37, p = 0.07). HFS was not statistically correlated to age (r = -0.15, p = 0.4), nor Ct (r = - 0.07, p = 0.7).Main limitations: Small number of cases, retrospective nature of the analysis.Conclusions: EHV- 5 is a common cause of PF in horses. Age, EHV-5 viral load, and severity of PF do not seem to influence survival rate of equines affected by fibrosing ILD.Ethical animal research: Approved by VetAgro sup Ethic Committee (n°2040).Informed consent: Owners gave consent for their animals' inclusion.Competing interests: None declared.Funding: None.Reference:[1] Hübner RH, Gitter W, El Mokhtari NE, Mathiak M, Both M, Bolte H, Freitag-Wolf S, Bewig B. Standardized quantification of pulmonary fibrosis in histological samples. Biotechniques. 2008;44(4):507–511. doi 10.2144/000112729
Les syndromes inflammatoires cutanés félins
No full textNational audienceLes expressions cliniques des syndromes inflammatoires cutanés félins sont différentes, mais certaines causes sont communes. Ces syndromes sont souvent le signe d'une dermatite allergique sous-jacente
Évaluation des impacts sur la santé publique de la dynamique des populations de renards
No full textInternational audienceL’Anses a été sollicitée pour évaluer les impacts sur la santé publique de la dynamique des 14 populations de renards en France. Concernant le rôle épidémiologique du renard comme 15 source d’agents zoonotiques, si le renard constitue la principale source de contamination 16 environnementale d’Echinococcus multilocularis, une réduction de ses populations ne permet 17 pas de réduire le risque de transmission de ce parasite aux humains ou aux animaux 18 domestiques. Concernant le rôle épidémiologique du renard en tant que prédateur de rongeurs 19 hôtes d’agents zoonotiques, il n’est pas possible de conclure. En effet, le rôle spécifique du 20 renard dans les réseaux trophiques complexes dont il fait partie ne peut pas être déterminé et 21 la relation entre l’abondance des rongeurs et le risque de maladie pour les humains n’est pas 22 démontrée. Par ailleurs, l’expertise a conclu à la faisabilité d’une analyse de type coût-bénéfice 23 (ACB) pour l’échinococcose alvéolaire, tout en soulignant le caractère partiel d’une ACB ciblée 24 sur les zoonoses
Early-life glucocorticoids accelerate lymphocyte count senescence in roe deer
No full text3/1International audienceImmunosenescence corresponds to the progressive decline of immune functions with increasing age. Although it is critical to understand what modulates such a decline, the ecological and physiological drivers of immunosenescence remain poorly understood in the wild. Among them, the level of glucocorticoids (GCs) during early life are good candidates to modulate immunosenescence patterns because these hormones can have long-term consequences on individual physiology. Indeed, GCs act as regulators of energy allocation to ensure allostasis, are part of the stress response triggered by unpredictable events and have immunosuppressive effects when chronically elevated. We used longitudinal data collected over two decades in two populations of roe deer (Capreolus capreolus) to test whether higher baseline GC levels measured within the first year of life were associated with a more pronounced immunosenescence and parasite susceptibility. We first assessed immunosenescence trajectories in these populations facing contrasting environmental conditions. Then, we found that juvenile GC levels can modulate lymphocyte trajectory. Lymphocyte depletion was accelerated late in life when GCs were elevated early in life. Although the exact mechanism remains to be elucidated, it could involve a role of GCs on thymic characteristics. In addition, elevated GC levels in juveniles were associated with a higher abundance of lung parasites during adulthood for individuals born during bad years, suggesting short-term negative effects of GCs on juvenile immunity, having in turn long-lasting consequences on adult parasite load, depending on juvenile environmental conditions. These findings offer promising research directions in assessing the carry-over consequences of GCs on life-history traits in the wild
Mémo visuel d'agronomie: Enjeux et défis de l'agriculture expliqués en 100 infographies
No full textInternational audienceCet ouvrage présente, sous une forme visuelle et synthétique, les notions indispensables à tout étudiant découvrant l’agronomie. À travers 100 infographies en couleurs, il leur permettra de s’initier aux enjeux économiques, scientifiques et environnementaux qui fonderont l’ensemble de leur cursus.Les plus :- 100 data visualisations commentées, pour une initiation synthétique à une science complexe.- Un panorama allant des débuts de l’agriculture aux enjeux de l’agronomie de demain.- Un chapitre permettant de s’initier à l’analyse des données et à la conception des infographies scientifiques
Comparison of Three Chemotherapy Protocols With Electrochemotherapy for the Treatment of Feline Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma
No full text3International audienceElectrochemotherapy (ECT) with intravenous (IV) and/or intratumoral (IT) bleomycin has shown considerable efficacy in the treatment of non‐resectable feline cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC), boasting response rates of up to 95%, but other chemotherapy protocols have not yet been investigated. The objective of this prospective multicentre study was to compare the overall response rate (ORR) and progression‐free interval (PFI) between cats with cSCC treated with ECT using IT and IV carboplatin (IV + IT), IV carboplatin (IV) or IV bleomycin (IV). A total of 44 cats with unresectable cSCC across three centres were enrolled and treated with ECT using carboplatin IV + IT ( n = 10), carboplatin IV ( n = 11) or bleomycin IV ( n = 23). Treatment response according to RECIST criteria was recorded at 2 and 4 weeks post‐treatment, and patients were followed until disease progression and/or death. All three groups were comparable regarding age, sex, weight, and lesion size. Adverse events were generally mild, localised and similar between groups. ORRs were 90.0% (carboplatin IV + IT), 90.9% (carboplatin IV) and 95.6% (bleomycin IV) and were not significantly different ( p = 0.79). Median PFI was not reached for carboplatin IV + IT or carboplatin IV and was 566 days for bleomycin IV, with no significant difference between the three groups ( p = 0.81). This study suggests that ECT using IV or IV + IT carboplatin is a reasonable alternative therapeutic option for managing cSCC, and further studies are warranted to compare outcomes between treatment protocols
First Detection of Antibodies Specific to Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever Virus in Rural Populations of Gabon
No full text2/3International audienceCrimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF) is a tick-borne viral disease with a mortality rate reaching up to 40% in humans. Currently, CCHF affects three continents: Asia, Europe, and Africa. An increase in confirmed cases in Africa has been observed since 2000. In Central Africa, several countries have reported the circulation of CCHV virus (CCHFV). However, in Gabon, there is a lack of recent data on the circulation of the virus in the Gabonese population. To provide an overview of the epidemiological situation in Gabon, we tested 3,081 human serum samples collected between 2005 and 2008 in villages throughout the country for anti-CCHFV antibodies. Using a double-antigen ELISA kit, our study found 15/3,081 samples positive for CCHFV. These positive samples were also tested using the Blackbox CCHFV IgG kit and the Luminex technique. These analyses confirmed seven and four positives for the Blackbox CCHFV IgG kit and the Luminex technique, respectively. This study suggests low circulation of CCHFV in the rural human population of Gabon. Competent authorities must survey CCHFV to identify and prevent clinical cases in the human population