Portail des publications scientifiques de VetAgro Sup
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<i>Taenia martis</i> in an Alaotran gentle lemur ( <i>Hapalemur alaotrensis</i> ): The importance of molecular identification
No full text2/3International audienceThe cestode Taenia martis is a common parasite affecting mustelids, with rodents serving as intermediate hosts. However, infections with the larval stage have seldomly been described in primates. This report describes a case in an Alaotran gentle lemur ( Hapalemur alaotrensis ) that died of chronic kidney disease, and in which Taenia cysticercosis was discovered at postmortem examination. Microscopic examination of the cysts attached to the mesentery and the inner side of the ribs, combined with the epidemiology of Taenia cysticercosis in France, pointed to Taenia crassiceps as the most probable aetiology. However, molecular identification, undertaken 3 years later during a global study on T. crassiceps in lemurs in France, identified the larval cestode as T. martis . This report is the first record of T. martis infection in an Alaotran gentle lemur and shows the importance of molecular identification in cysticercosis diagnosis
A generic precurved interlocking nail is more compatible with femoral and tibial morphology than a straight nail in dogs
No full textInternational audienceObjective: To study the morphology of canine and feline femurs and tibias in lateral radiographic projections and assess their compatibility with either a straight or a curved full-length interlocking nail (ILN).Methods: Lateral projection radiographs of 50 tibias and 50 femurs (10 cats and 40 dogs per bone) were used to measure the minimum and maximum radius of curvature of an ILN compatible with each bone. These radii were defined by cranial and caudal endosteal points at the proximal entry point of the nail, at the isthmus, and at the most distal point of the ILN insertion into the femoral or tibial metaphysis. These points were figured by 2 proximal circles, 2 diaphyseal circles at the isthmus, and 2 distal circles in distal metaphyses of the bones. The diameter of these circles corresponded to 75% of the medullary canal width at the isthmus of the bone.Results: An ILN with a radius between 750 and 806 mm fit 87% of all the bones reviewed. In dogs, an ILN within this radius range would fit 95% of the tibias, whereas a straight ILN would fit only 50%. For femurs, the curved ILN would fit 80% compared to 37.5% for a straight ILN. In cats, an ILN with a radius between 750 and 806 mm would fit 85% of the bones (femur, 100%; tibia, 70%), whereas a straight ILN would fit all tested bones.Conclusions: A full-length ILN with a radius of curvature between 750 and 806 mm would fit 87% of the studied bones, whereas only 55% of them could accept a straight ILN.Clinical relevance: A full-length ILN with a 750-806-mm curvature radius may provide a suitable option for treating most femoral and tibial diaphyseal fractures
Non-living respiration: another breath in the soil
No full textInternational audienceContaining about three times more carbon (C) than the atmosphere (600-800 PgC) or the Earth’s vegetation, soils are crucial C pools for climate change mitigation. The CO2 flux (~110 PgC yr−1) from soils is the largest terrestrial C source to the atmosphere and is about ten times the annual emissions from burning fossil fuels (IPCC 2021). A small change in soil CO2 flux can significantly alter the atmospheric CO2 concentrationand potentially amplify global warming.A complete and reliable identification of soil processes likely to affect soil C balance and CO2 flux is essential to predict future atmospheric CO2 concentrations.The current scientific consensus is that the dominant component of the soil CO2 flux is heterotrophic microbial respiration. However, this paradigm is challenged by recurrent observations of substantial and persistent CO2 emissions in soil microcosms where sterilization treatments (e.g. γ-irradiations) reduced microbial activities to an undetectable level. To address this shortcoming, we postulated that non-cellular respiratory pathways in soils are capable of performing the complete oxidation of organic matter to CO2. This hypothesis was enhanced (i) by the detection of an isotopic signature of soil CO2 flux (δ13C-CO2 up to −75.4 ± 2.8 ‰) incompatible with a cell-derived respiration and (ii) by the release of 13C-CO2 in sterilized soils supplied with 13C-glucose (Maire et al. 2013; Kéraval et al. 2016; 2018).Overall our work highlights that non-cellular respiration accounts for 16 to 48 % of CO2 fluxes from sterilized soils worldwide with contrasted physical and chemical properties. We have also demonstrated that sterilized soils have a high and persistent potential for electron transfer and form self-sustaining systems that can maintain CO2 emissions for more than 6 years without external input. Furthermore, untargeted metabolite profiling carried out using proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR) spectroscopy revealed that non-living soils have an orderly exometabolome dynamics supporting the idea that non-stochastic scenarios mimicking biochemical transformations (i.e. Krebs cycle, fermentation) occurred in sterilized soils (Bouquet, Keraval et al. in prep).Maire, V. et al, 2013. An unknown oxidative metabolism substantially contributes to soil CO2emissions, Biogeosciences, 10, 1155–1167, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-10-1155-2013, Kéraval, B., et al, 2016. Soil carbon dioxide emissions controlled by an extracellular oxidative metabolism identifiable by its isotope signature, Biogeosciences, 13, 6353–6362, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-6353-2016, 2016 Kéraval, B. et al, 2018. Cellular and non-cellular mineralization of organic carbon in soils with contrasted physicochemical properties. Soil Biol. Biochem. 125, 286–289. doi:10.1016/j. soilbio.2018.07.02 Bouquet, C., et al. in prep. Non-living respiration : another breath in the soi
DEPAVING Aix-Marseille: An interdisciplinary hub for the analysis of urban NBS
No full textInternational audienceIn the context of adapting to the effects of climate change, French cities tend to promote the de-paving of surfaces and the greening of urban spaces to allow for rainwater infiltration, combatting heat islands, biodiversity loss, and anticipating the consequences of major weather events that current infrastructures might not withstand (such as floods, pollution, etc.). Nature-Based Solutions (NBS) can address both environmental challenges related to climate risks and improve living spaces by advocating for nature in urban areas.In Marseille, a pilot project for NBS in the city was launched under the European project CARDIMED. This project began in September 2023 and will run for a duration of 5 years, initially encompassing the university campuses of Saint-Charles (urban site), Saint-Jérôme (peri-urban site), and the Schuman site (Aix-en-Provence, medium-sized city).With the goal of producing evidence regarding the impact of these significant developments on users' experiences and their quality of life within the campuses and more broadly across the Aix-Marseille metropolitan area, the project will act as an interdisciplinary hub for research, teaching, and urban adaptation policies. Within environmental psychology the project proposes to (1) identify key indicators that describe the user experience and well-being in open spaces within these campuses; and (2) to measure these indicators before and after the de-paving work takes place. This work will be carried out through the development of a questionnaire targeting a representative sample, which will be administered to different users of the campuses affected by the works. This work will be complemented by physical analysis (humidity, temperature), health analysis of local animal populations, biological analysis of the soil, economical analysis (impact within and outside the campus). Overall the CARDIMED project will provide observations from a variety of disciplines to promote NBS in the Aix-Marseille metropole
A multimodal tissue perfusion measurement approach for the evaluation of the effect of pimobendan, an inodilator, in a porcine sepsis model
No full text3International audienceSepsis is associated with hypoperfusion and organ failure. The aims of the study were: 1) to assess the effect of pimobendan on macrocirculation and perfusion and 2) to describe a multimodal approach to the assessment of perfusion in sepsis and compare the evolution of the perfusion parameters. Eighteen anaesthetized female piglets were equipped for macrocirculation monitoring. Sepsis was induced by an infusion of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. After the occurrence of hypotension, animals were resuscitated. Nine pigs received pimobendan at the start of resuscitation maneuvers, the others received saline. Tissue perfusion was assessed using temperature gradients measured with infrared thermography (TG = core temperature - tarsus temperature), urethral perfusion index (uPI) derived from photoplethysmography and sublingual microcirculation (Sidestream dark field imaging device): De Backer score (DBs), proportion of perfused vessels (PPV), microvascular flow index (MFI) and heterogeneity index (HI). Arterial lactate and ScvO2 were also measured. Pimobendan did not improve tissue perfusion nor macrocirculation. It did not allow a reduction in the amount of noradrenaline and fluids administered. Sepsis was associated with tissue perfusion disorders: there were a significant decrease in uPI, PPV and ScvO2 and a significant rise in TG. TG could significantly predict an increase in lactate. Resuscitation was associated with a significant increase in uPI, DBs, MFI, lactate and ScvO2. There were fair correlations between the different perfusion parameters. In this model, pimobendan did not show any benefit. The multimodal approach allowed the detection of tissue perfusion alteration but only temperature gradients predicted the increase in lactatemia
Impacts of Artificial Light At Night on immunity in the common toad.
No full textInternational audienc
Décrypter les mécanismes de reprotoxicité radio-induite chez l'amphipode Gammarus fossarum
No full textNational audienceL’étude des effets chroniques de la contamination radioactive sur la faune sauvage est cruciale pour définir des niveaux de protection pertinents et minimiser les impacts écologiques. Parmi les effets observés, la reprotoxicité est souvent décrite comme l’effet adverse le plus radiosensible chez de nombreux invertébrés (Shuryak et al, 2020). Nos études récentes ont montré que Gammarus fossarum, crustacé amphipode sentinelle de l’environnement, reconnu pour sa sensibilité à la qualité des milieux, ne fait pas figure d’exception. En effet, une exposition au rayonnement ionisant (RI) γ externe de 14 jours des mâles, ou des femelles, impacte fortement la fécondité parentale post-irradiation (i.e. survie de la descendance), de façon plus prononcée chez les mâles, sans affecter la survie, le cycle de mue, ou la capacité à s’alimenter des organismes irradiés (Frelon et al., en révision). Afin de comprendre les mécanismes mis en jeu dans cette reprotoxicité différentielle mâles/femelles chez G. fossarum, une étude intégrée de couples irradiés a été entreprise sur le plan moléculaire, i.e. génotoxicité et abondance des protéines par analyse protéomique shotgun des gonades, et physiologique, i.e. analyse de la fécondité. L’ensemble des données enregistrées a été exploré par des méthodes complémentaires ce qui a conduit à (i) définir les protéines différentiellement exprimées entre le contrôle et le plus faible débit de dose, (ii) sélectionner les protéines répondant de façon significative au gradient d’exposition, et analyser la forme et la sensibilité des réponses (Delignette-Muller et al., 2023), (iii) identifier des groupes de protéines ayant un profil d’expression similaire, plutôt corrélés aux conditions d’exposition et/ou aux effets reprotoxiques chez les mâles et les femelles irradiés (Degli Esposti et al., 2019). L’ensemble de ces résultats participera à déchiffrer les processus biologiques principaux (mode d’action) impactant la capacité reproductive des gammares mâles et femelles exposés aux RI, avec leur significativité, et leur seuil de dose de déclenchement. Cette cartographie des effets sera in fine comparée à celle déjà acquise pour d’autres contaminants chimiques, et aidera à préciser des marqueurs d’effets pertinents pour un suivi des effets des RI. Enfin ces données obtenues pour G. fossarum contribueront également à alimenter un schéma d’action toxique (AOP) conduisant à une baisse de la fécondité après exposition aux RI (Tollefsen et al., 2023).Mots clés - Chronicité – Rayonnement ionisant - Gammare – Protéomique - Analyses statistiques multi-échelles.Remerciements – Les auteurs remercient l’IRSN, l’INRAE, le CEA, le CNRS et EC2CO pour le financement du projet GAMMARRI. RéférencesDegli Esposti, D., Almunia, C., Guery, M.-A., Koenig, N., Armengaud, J., Chaumot, A. and Geffard, O. Co-expression network analysis identifies gonad- and embryo-associated protein modules in the sentinel species Gammarus fossarum Sci Rep. 2019; 9: 7862.Frelon, S., Recoura-Massaquant, R., Dubourg, N., Garnero L., Bonzom, J.-M., Degli Esposti, D. Reproductive capacity but not food consumption is reduced by continuous exposure to the typical genotoxic stressor γ-rays, in the sentinel species Gammarus fossarum. Environmental Toxicology & Chemistry (En révision).Delignette-Muller, M. L., Billoir, E., Siberchicot, A., & Larras, F. (2023). DRomics, a workflow to exploit dose-response omics data in ecotoxicology. Peer Community Journal, Volume 3 (2023), article no. e90. Shuryak, I., Review of resistance to chronic ionizing radiation exposure under environmental conditions in multicellular organisms. J Environ Radioact, 2020. 212.Tollefsen, K.E., et al., Adverse outcome pathways (AOPs) for radiation-induced reproductive effects in environmental species: state of science and identification of a consensus AOP network. Int J Radiat Biol, 2022
Effect of olive leaf extract on the quality of Cantal cheese
No full text1International audienceThis study aimed to evaluate the impact of olive leaf extract (OLE) on the quality of Cantal cheese. The cheeses were fortified with different concentrations (Control, 1, 2, and 3 %) of OLE and analysed for quality during storage. The cheeses were evaluated on days 1, 28, and 63 for physicochemical, compositional, textural, rheological parameters, colour, microbiological analysis, and antioxidant activity. The MIR and fluorescence spectroscopies were used to study the changes in the cheese molecular structure. A positive impact of OLE was observed on the antioxidant capacity. A mild inhibitory effect was observed against some beneficial bacteria (such as Lactococcus and Lactobacillus), while a strong inhibitory effect was found against pathogen microorganisms. No negative impact was found on the texture and chemical composition. Significant colour and structural changes were observed. The results indicate the potential of OLE to be used as bioactive ingredient to improve the quality of cheese
