Portail des publications scientifiques de VetAgro Sup
Not a member yet
4236 research outputs found
Sort by
WAY-208466, a 5-HT6 receptor agonist, increases food motivation in primates: A behavioural and PET imaging study opening perspectives in eating disorders
No full text3International audienceThe 5-HT 6 receptor (5-HT6R) is highly expressed in the anterior striatum, a region involved in food-intake and anxiety-related behaviours that shows abnormal activity in anorexia nervosa (AN) patients. Indeed, 5-HT6R antagonists decrease food motivation across species. Rodent studies have shown the acute anxiolytic properties of WAY-208466, a selective 5-HT6R agonist. Thus, we hypothesized that this agent could increase food motivation and decrease anxiety-related behaviours by impacting cortico-striatal circuits. We administered acute (0.1 mg/kg) and subchronic (0.03 and 0.1 mg/kg) intramuscular injections to four macaques performing a foodchoice task and expressing spontaneous behaviours. We used PET imaging with the [ 18 F]2FNQ1P specific tracer to determine 5-HT6R occupancy in several regions that could be linked with the induced behavioural changes. Acute and subchronic activation of 5-HT6R transmission led to a reversible increase in food motivation. WAY-208466 also decreased anxiety-like behaviours when given acutely but not subchronically. However, in the subchronic protocol, the higher dose led to increased activity characterized by movements and object-related behaviour expression. PET imaging revealed that these behavioural changes could be sustained by corticostriatal circuits involved in food intake. These findings demonstrate that this 5-HT6R agonist subchronic treatment successfully increases food motivation but does not fully achieve the expected anxiolytic effect in monkeys. It suggests that targeting 5-HT6Rs may be a promising approach for treating the restrictive subtype of AN, which, unlike anxiety, has not been shown to benefit from treatment with selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors
Lignes directrices pour l’établissement de référentiels d’étiquetage du bien-être des animaux
No full textCitation suggérée : Anses. (2023). Lignes Directrices pour l’établissement de référentiels d’étiquetage du bien-être des animaux. (autosaisine 2021-AUTO-0161). Maisons-Alfort : Anses, 253 p.Objet de mobilisations sociales initialement marginales et de développement de connaissances, le bien-être des animaux (BEA) fait maintenant partie des questions publiques installées dans les agendas politiques et scientifiques. À l’instar de la santé humaine, il se rapproche d’un principe difficilement contestable publiquement.En particulier, l’intérêt des citoyens pour les conditions de vie et de mort des animaux d’élevage n’a cessé d’augmenter depuis plusieurs années. Dès 2016, les résultats de l’Eurobaromètre spécial 442, intitulé « Attitudes des Européens à l'égard du bien-être animal »3 indiquaient que 94 % des citoyens européens accordent de l’importance au bien-être des animaux d’élevage et que 82 % pensent que les animaux d'élevage devraient être mieux protégés qu'ils ne le sont actuellement vis-à-vis du risque d’atteinte à leur bien-être. Cet intérêt a été progressivement pris en compte par les professionnels de l’élevage, ainsi que ceux des secteurs de l’agroalimentaire et de la distribution, en témoigne par exemple la disparition progressive des élevages de poules pondeuses en cage suite à la mise en placede l’étiquetage du mode d’élevage sur les œufs coquilles4 (cf. données agreste annuelles et évolutions entre 2000 et 2020). Le BEA fait par ailleurs l’objet de régulations croissantes à différents niveaux d’action, notamment celui de l’Union européenne (UE) (Brels 2012). Il est caractéristique de l’action publique contemporaine, dans laquelle est impliquée une multitude d’acteurs et d’échelles, où se mêlent initiatives privées et dispositions publiques
Les animaux d'élevage sont nourris avec des aliments contenant des antibiotiques : VRAI ou FAUX ?
No full texthttps://chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/24-02-Les-animaux-delevage-sont-nourris-avec-des-aliments-contenant-des-antibiotiques-VRAI-ou-FAUX.pdfOn pense souvent que les animaux d'élevage sont nourris avec des aliments contenant des antibiotiques, pour favoriser leur croissance. On vous en dit plus !FAUXLes antibiotiques sont strictement interdits dans l’alimentation animale en tant que facteurs de croissance au sein de l'Union européenne. Dansde très rares exceptions, après un diagnostic et une prescription par un vétérinaire, et pour faciliter l’administration à un groupe d’animaux, desaliments contenant des antibiotiques peuvent être utilisés dans un objectif médical
Agroprairie, a new intercropping system: what is the impact on the regulation of Zymoseptoria tritici and wheat microbiome ?
No full textInternational audienc
Validation of qualitative behavior assessment for dairy cows at pasture
No full textInternational audienceQualitative Behavior assessment (QBA), based on a fixed list of adjectives, has been validated as a measure of emotional state for indoor dairy cows. A validated tool to assess the emotional state of cows at pasture is lacking. We investigated the validity of QBA at pasture: relevance, observer reliability and selectivity. First, 20 videos of dairy cows at pasture were watched 4 times by 5 observers. The observers performed a QBA using the terms proposed in Welfare Quality®. A principal component analysis performed on these observations (n=400) yielded a 1st axis representing emotional valence (PC1, from irritable to content) and a 2nd axis representing arousal (PC2, from calm to active). Second, to assess observer’s reliability, Kendall’s concordance coefficients (KW) were calculated for observations coordinates on PC1 and PC2. Intra-observer reliability was good (KW> 0.75), whereas inter-observer reliability was moderate to good (0.
Bien-être des animaux : les évolutions législatives à venir
No full textCompte rendu écrit et réalisé par Valérie Duphot pour La Dépêche VétérinaireCompte rendu écrit et réalisé par Valérie Duphot pour La Dépêche Vétérinair
Association between genetic clades and cancer prevalence suggested by French-wide study of oncogenic small ruminant beta-retroviruses diversity
No full text2/3International audienceENTV (Enzootic Nasal Tumor Virus) and JSRV (Jaagsiekte Sheep Retrovirus) are βretroviruses responsible for respiratory cancers in sheep and goats. In this study, we analyzed the genetic features of the sheep and goat β-retrovirus (29 JSRV and 24 ENTV strains) circulating in France to identify molecular signatures associated with disease severity in flocks. We developed a highly specific PCR to amplify and sequence exogenous targeted regions or near full length proviruses based on limited discriminating motifs along their genomes. The phylogenetic reconstructions based on the LTR and env regions suggest that one major strain is circulating on the French territory for ENTV-1 and ENTV-2 while not clustering with already published Spanish, Canadian or Chinese strains. JSRV strains circulating in French sheep flocks were distributed in 2 distinct genetic clades clustering with sequences originating from North America, Africa and United-Kingdom. JSRV clade I was found to be associated with a higher incidence of cancer in French flocks. Specific motifs spanning the entire JSRV genome particularly in the LTRs and in the intracytoplasmic domain of the envelope were detected between the two genetic subtypes. This work represents the first nationwide study describing the circulation of the three closely related β-oncogenic retrovirus JSRV, ENTV-1 and ENTV-2 in French sheep and goat flocks. Better characterization of strain genetics is a critical step in monitoring circulating retrovirus, especially those associated with higher cancer incidence in small ruminants
Prediction of the sensory quality of longissimus beef of three cattle categories from rearing factors characterising the rearing management
No full text1International audienceHere we used individual data on three cattle categories (young bulls, n = 154; heifers, n = 154; and cull cows, n = 341). As rearing managements are very specific to the animal category, a model was developed for each category of cattle, using binomial in logistic regression to predict meat eating quality in longissimus muscle (LM) from rearing factors applied throughout the animal's life. The meat eating quality variable (composed of two modalities: Low vs. High) was statistically defined by a hierarchical clustering on principal components from the data of eight sensory descriptors. The heifer and cull cow models discriminated the meat quality clusters better than the young bull model, with 66.0%, 68.0%, and 59.6% success rate for external validation, respectively. Rearing factors merged as potential action levers to improve LM meat quality (odds ratio > 1), but only in the heifer model. Heifers fed concentrates during the pre-weaning period in housing and at pasture were 5.0 and 6.4 times more likely to produce higher LM meat quality, respectively. The nature of the main forage in the fattening diet was also an actionable factor for improving meat quality. Compared to heifers fed corn silage, heifers fed only pasture (1.9 times) or hay and wrapped haylage (7.8 times) or corn silage and wrapped haylage (23.4 times) were more likely to produce higher LM meat quality. Management practices at different periods of heifer life can ultimately act on sensory eating quality
Les dermatoses auto-immunes chez le chien et le chat
No full textNational audienceLes dermatoses auto-immunes sont des maladies cutanées rares, qui touchent préférentiellement les jeunes animaux. Le traitement fait appel à l'utilisation de molécules immunosuppressives, en recherchant un juste équilibre entre le contrôle de la maladie et la modération des effets indésirables