Portail des publications scientifiques de VetAgro Sup
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Climate warming drives pulsed resources and disease outbreak risk
No full textInternational audienceClimate influences the risk of disease transmission and spread through its direct effects on the survival and reproduction of hosts and pathogens. However, the indirect influences of climate variation (i.e. those mediated by food resources on host demography) are often neglected. Pulsed resources produced by oak trees in temperate forests constitute important resources for seed consumers and strongly depend on temperature. Using an individual-based model, we provide a theoretical exploration of the influence of climate warming on the dynamics of the African swine fever (ASF) in the seed consumer wild boar ( Sus scrofa ), considering both direct and indirect temperature effects. We show that climate warming directly decreases the persistence of the virus in the environment, but also increases the production of acorns, with cascading effects on the seed consumer host species. Integrating these climatic effects suggests a decrease of ASF spread under future warmer conditions. Importantly, food-mediated indirect effects of climate may outweigh direct effects, reversing, in some situations, the predictions of epidemic dynamics under climate change. This shows that anticipating future epidemic risks requires a deep understanding of ecological systems, including all direct and indirect climatic effects
<i>Cystoisospora canis</i> : importance médicale, morphologie et biologie
No full textInternational audienceLa coccidiose à Cystoisospora canis est une protozoose souvent asymptomatique qui peut se manifester cliniquement par des troubles digestifs chez le jeune. Fréquente chez les canidés, elle n'a pas de pouvoir zoonotique
Méga-oesophage et phénobarbital
No full textInternational audienceUn golden retriever adulte de 38 kg est traité pour épilepsie avec un quart de comprimé matin et soir de phénobarbital 100 mg.Un mois plus tard, le contrôle de la phénobarbitalémie est normal.Après 3 mois de traitement, le chien présente des selles molles et des flatulences
Reterriorialisation de l’approvisionnement de la restauration collective : analyse des processus d'innovation et d'intermédiation pour la carpe de la Dombes
No full textInternational audienceThis paper aims to enhance the understanding of the setting up processes of hybrid collectives aiming to relocalise public food catering services. It focuses on the role of the various stakeholders within the collective. Innovation system approaches encourage the analysis of innovation processes at different scales (environment, collective, organization). We use a processual analysis framework to explore the setting up trajectory of a Dombes’ carp supply chain for public food catering services in the Rhône-Alpes region. This analysis provides a better understanding of the functions of the various organizations and individuals involved in the process, and sheds light on the roles played by public and supply chain support stakeholders. It shows the variety of complementing intermediation processes, as well as the importance of pre-existing relationships between stakeholders. We confirm the complexity of the adjustments required at different levels to set up local supply chains for institutional food services.Cette communication vise à approfondir la compréhension des processus de structuration de collectifs hybrides visant la relocalisation de l’approvisionnement de la restauration collective, avec une attention portée au rôle des différents acteurs. Les approches en termes de système d’innovation incitent à analyser les processus d’innovation en considérant différentes échelles (l’environnement, le collectif, les organisations). Nous mobilisons un cadre d’analyse processuelle pour décrypter la trajectoire de structuration d’une chaîne d’approvisionnement en carpe des Dombes pour la restauration collective en Rhône-Alpes. Cette analyse permet de mieux saisir le rôle des différentes organisations et personnes dans la dynamique de relocalisation, notamment celles de l’accompagnement ou dans les sociétés de restauration collective. Nous montrons la diversité des modalités d’intermédiation complémentaires ainsi que l’importance de l’antériorité des relations entre acteurs. On confirme la complexité des ajustements nécessaires aux différentes échelles pour arriver à structurer des chaînes d’approvisionnement local de la restauration collective
Enhancing structural and functional properties of commercially available pea protein isolate for plant-based meat analogues using combined pH-Shift, high-intensity ultrasound, and heat treatments
No full textInternational audienceDiets based on pea protein have gained international recognition as a good substitute for meat or other main sources of protein. However, problems like gelling and emulsifying qualities make it difficult to use pea protein. To successfully overcome significant obstacles related to the use of pea protein in many industrial sectors, particularly meat, this study offers a combination of methods used to produce commercially accessible Pea Protein Isolate (PPI). High-intensity ultrasound (HIUS) at three magnitudes (2, 4, and 8 W/mL), heat at 60 degrees C, and pH at 10.0 were all integrated within the set. For artificial meat, PUHP2, PUHP4, and PUHP8 were the most promising of the nine treatments. After undergoing combined treatments (pH-shift, HIUS, and heat), favorable gelling was shown by treatments, emulsifying, and foaming properties while containing the ideal and desired protein size, as understood by the results in the gel electrophoresis. When treated PPIs were used to stabilize the sunflower oil-in-water emulsion, the emulsion capacity increased significantly for PUHP2, PUHP4, and PUHP8 (43.47 %, 46.57 %, and 40.90 % increase, respectively). Furthermore, solubility (for PUHP2, PUHP4, and PUHP8) had shown considerable (p < 0.05) improvement from 31.03 % f 2.11 % (DPPI) to 53.33 % f 2.3 %, 55.13 % f 1.0 %, and 58.43 % f 3.2 %, in SEM which accompanied by differences in the morphology of protein. This study's gelling properties (2.512 f 0.1 N, 2.604 f 0.1 N, and 2.168 f 0.3 N, for PUHP2, PUHP4, and PUHP8) were crucial, primarily from the standpoint of plant-based meat analogs. The processes proposed by this study pea protein will be enabled that has undergone this series of chemical and physical processes to proceed in the direction of far better meat substitutes. Overall, this research contributes to the advancement of pea protein's use as an industrial protein and allows better usage of its hypoallergenic, non-GMO and high protein content
Pose d'une sonde de cystotomie chez un chien: Les sondes de cystotomie chez le Chien sont placées de façon transitoire ou permanente lors d'une procédure chirurgicale simple
No full textNational audienceLa sonde de cystotomie peut être utilisée de façon temporaire ou à long terme en fonction de l'indication.Elle est utilisée lors d'obstruction du bas appareil urinaire, de traumatisme urétral ou vésical, après une chirurgie de la vessie ou de l'uretère, lors d'atonie de la vessie neurogénique transitoire ou permanente ou lors de néoplasie de l'uretère proximal ou du trigone vésical. Elle permet de dériver les voies urinaires basses, notamment l'urètre, et d'éviter une distension trop importante de la vessie.Suite à une obstruction urinaire, l'animal peut être atteint d'azotémie, d'hyperkaliémie, d'hyperphosphatémie, d'acidose métabolique, et de bradycardie. Il est donc primordial de stabiliser l'animal avant de l'anesthésier pour la mise en place d'une sonde de cystotomie
Impacts sur la santé publique de la dynamique des populations de renards
No full textOpinion and report approved by the Expert Committee Socio-economic analysis in its plenary session on 11 May 2023 and the Expert Committee Animal health and welfare (CES SABA) in its plenary session on 06 June 2023. The French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety provides independent scientific opinions and reports. The original version of the ANSES opinion and report in French is available on the website of ANSES at https://www.anses.fr/fr/system/files/SABA2022SA0049Ra.pdf.Suggested citation: ANSES. (2023). Avis et rapport de l'Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail relatif à l'évaluation des impacts sur la santé publique de la dynamique des populations de renards (Saisine 2022-SA-0049). Maisons-Alfort: ANSES, 200 p.International audienceThe Red Fox (Vulpes vulpes) can be hunted as a game species. It may also be listed as a “species likely to cause damage” (ESOD – the acronym in French), for public health reasons among others. Conversely, benefits linked to the presence of foxes are also put forward, such as the predation of rodents carrying zoonotic agents. In this context, ANSES was asked to: (1) list the zoonoses present in France for which foxes play an epidemiological role, (2) identify other public health impacts associated with changes in fox populations, (3) explain the relative importance of the effects of changes in fox populations for humans and/or the environment, (4) analyse the feasibility of a cost‐benefit analysis (CBA) of the prevention and impacts associated with these zoonoses. In France, the fox is a source of zoonotic pathogens, with a major role for Echinococcus multilocularis, a parasite for which the fox is the main source of environmental contamination. However, reducing fox populations does not reduce the risk of transmission of E. multilocularis to humans or domestic animals, and may even have the opposite effect to the one intended. The main levers for action are those relating to exposure to environmental contamination. The fox is part of complex trophic networks, in which its specific role in regulating prey populations is impossible to determine because (i) several predators share the same prey, with a variable role for the fox among the predators, (ii) the dynamics of prey populations is also conditioned by factors other than predation. The relationship between the abundance of rodents and the risk of disease for humans has not been demonstrated either, due to the complexity of the trophic and epidemiological networks, their highly probable variability from one ecosystem to another, and the multiplicity of hosts. As a result, the data currently available does not allow any conclusions to be drawn about the epidemiological role of the fox as a predator of rodents hosting zoonotic agents. Finally, there is no public health justification for culling foxes, particularly for ESOD classification, except in the very specific and localised context of the fight against bovine tuberculosis, for which the selective culling of foxes in and around the livestock buildings of a domestic outbreak has been proposed. In addition, the expertise concluded to the feasibility of a CBA targeted at assessing the burden of alveolar echinococcosis and measures to prevent its transmission. The feasibility study shows the partial nature of a CBA targeting zoonoses, without taking into account other roles played by the fox in the ecosystem
Discrimination du lait traité thermiquement par spectroscopie de fluorescence combinée à l'ACP et aux réseaux de neurones artificiels
No full textInternational audienceCette étude a évalué l'utilisation de réseaux de neurones artificiels perceptrons multicouches (MLP-ANN) combinés à la spectroscopie de fluorescence pour classer les échantillons de lait par espèce (vache ou bufflonne), traitement thermique et durée de stockage au froid. Les modèles ont été développés en utilisant différentes entrées de fluorescence : vitamine A, tryptophane, spectres synchrones (décalage de 80 nm) et une combinaison vitamine A-tryptophane. Les performances du modèle ont été évaluées en fonction de la précision de la classification, de l'erreur quadratique moyenne (MSE) et de l'efficacité de l'apprentissage. L'analyse en composantes principales (ACP) a également été utilisée pour explorer les effets du refroidissement, de la thermisation et de la pasteurisation sur les propriétés physicochimiques du lait. Les résultats de l'ACP ont montré un regroupement clair des échantillons en fonction de l'espèce, des traitements thermiques et des durées de stockage, avec des différences associées de pH, de lactose, d'acidité, de fractions azotées, de calcium et de temps de coagulation. Les modèles MLP-ANN ont atteint des précisions de classification allant de 44 % à 100 % et des valeurs MSE de 0 % à 14 %, selon les caractéristiques d'entrée et la complexité de la classification. Les spectres de fluorescence synchrone ont montré les meilleures performances, avec une précision de 100 % pour distinguer les espèces et les traitements thermiques, soulignant leur sensibilité aux modifications moléculaires induites par la chaleur. Les tâches de classification plus simples nécessitaient moins d'époques d'apprentissage et de neurones cachés, tandis que les tâches plus complexes impliquant plusieurs variables ont montré des performances inférieures, notamment lors de l'utilisation d'apports combinés tryptophane-vitamine A
Innovative Process for the Recovery of Oleuropein-Rich Extract from Olive Leaves and Its Biological Activities: Encapsulation for Activity Preservation with Concentration Assessment Pre and Post Encapsulation
No full textInternational audienceOlive leaves, often regarded as agricultural and industrial waste, hold significant potential for economic and medicinal applications. This study examines the valorization of olive leaves through the extraction of phenolic compounds, notably oleuropein and hydroxytyrosol, using autoclave extraction techniques. It also investigates encapsulation techniques employing maltodextrin and sodium caseinate as wall materials to preserve the stability and bioavailability of these compounds. The results indicate a rich phenolic profile in the nonencapsulated olive leaf extract (OLE), demonstrating high antioxidant and antibacterial activities against various pathogens. The encapsulation process achieved high efficiency with a mixture of maltodextrin and sodium caseinate. Furthermore, FTIR spectroscopy and NMR analyses confirmed the presence of functional groups in the encapsulated extract, providing insight into its molecular structure. Overall, this study underscores the potential of olive leaves as a valuable source of bioactive compounds and highlights the importance of innovative extraction and encapsulation techniques to optimize their use across different applications