Portail des publications scientifiques de VetAgro Sup
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Corrigendum to “Association between body condition profiles, milk production, and reproduction performance in Holstein and Normande cows” (J. Dairy Sci. 107:11621–11638)
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Le campagnol, les prairies et les pullulations
No full textInternational audienceThe aim of this article is to summarise research work recently carried out at VetAgro-Sup on the biology of the ground vole.The aim is to gain a better understanding of the risk factors for outbreaks by working on several scales, from the individual to the agricultural mosaic. This work highlights the fact that there is considerable variability in the favourability of a permanent meadow for ground voles, induced by variations in the flora. This finding is explained by the fact that the ground vole has a highly selective diet and adapts its demographic traits to this specialisation. Our results also tend to show that there is a link between the intensity of certain agricultural practices (which have not yet been clearly identified) and the flora favourable to vole outbreaks. The transfer of these results could help to improve the control of damage caused by outbreaks.Cet article a pour but de synthétiser des travaux de recherche récemment conduits à VetAgro-Sup sur la biologie du campagnol terrestre. Ils visent à mieux comprendre les facteurs de risques des pullulations en travaillant à plusieurs échelles, de l’individu à la mosaïque agricole. Ces travaux mettent en lumière qu’il existe une variabilité importante de la favorabilité d’une prairie permanente pour les campagnols terrestres, induite par des variations de la flore. Ce constat est expliqué par le fait que le campagnol terrestre a un régime alimentaire très sélectif et des adaptations de ses traits démographiques à cette spécialisation. Nos résultats tendent aussi à montrer qu’il existe un lien entre l’intensité de certaines pratiques agricoles (qui ne sont pas encore clairement identifiées) et la flore favorable aux pullulations de campagnols. Le transfert de ces résultats pourrait permettre d’améliorer la lutte contre les dégâts causés par les pullulations
Le bien-être et la santé des bovins sont-ils réellement meilleurs au pâturage ?
No full textInternational audienceIn fact, when weather conditions are favorable, cows are strongly motivated to go out to pasture, where they can express all their behaviors. In most cases, grazing also reduces locomotor, reproductive and udder health problems. Certain risk factors, such as the presence of shelter, good access to water, supplementation of the ration at certain times, control of parasite infestation and well-maintained paths, must be controlled to ensure that cows benefit fully from grazing. Ideally, either the building or the pasture should be offered, depending on conditionsS'il est bien géré, le pâturage est généralement favorable au bien-être et à la santé des bovins. En effet, quand les conditions météorologiques sont favorables, les vaches sont fortement motivées à sortir au pâturage qui leur permet d'exprimer l'ensemble de leurs comportements. Le pâturage permet également dans la majorité des cas une réduction des problèmes locomoteurs, de reproduction ou de santé de la mamelle. Certains facteurs de risque tels que la présence d'un abri, un bon accès à l'eau, une complémentation de la ration à certaines périodes, un contrôle de l'infestation parasitaire et des chemins bien entretenus doivent être contrôlés pour que les vaches bénéficient pleinement du pâturage. L'idéal étant de proposer le bâtiment ou la pâture en fonction des condition
Le suivi de chaleur chez la chatte et la chienne
No full textNational audienceLe suivi de chaleurs chez les carnivores domestiques est recommandé pour augmenter les chances de réussite de gestation.De nombreux examens complémentaires existent mais tous ne sont pas fiables. Par exemple, le frottis vaginal ne permet pas de dater l'ovulation comme le dosage de progestérone.L'essor de l'échographie ovarienne en raison du nombre de vétérinaires qui sont équipés pourrait conduire le praticien à réaliser de nombreux suivis par ce biais dans le futur dans les deux espèces
Phenotypic and genetic heterogeneity of Acinetobacter baumannii in the course of an animal chronic infection
No full textInternational audienceAcinetobacter baumannii is a nosocomial pathogen associated with various infections, including urinary tract infections (UTIs). In the course of an infection, A. baumannii is known to rapidly become resistant to antibiotic therapy, but much less is known about possible adaptation without antibiotic pressure. Through a retrospective study, we investigated within-host genetic diversity during a subclinical 5-year UTI in an animal–patient after withdrawal of colistin treatment. We conducted whole-genome sequencing and phenotypic assays on 17 clonally related isolates from the Sequence Type 25 lineage. Phylogenomic analysis revealed their proximity with animal and human strains from the same country suggesting zoonotic transmission (France). In this case study, the clonally related strains presented variations in genome sizes and nucleotide sequences. Over the course of the infection, A. baumannii underwent genome reduction through insertion sequence (IS) recombination, phage excision or plasmid curing. Alongside this global genome reduction, we observed an expansion of IS 17 , initially located on the endogenous large plasmid. Genetic variations were mainly located in biofilm formation and metabolism genes. We observed repeated variations affecting three biofilm genes and two adhesion operons associated with weak biofilm-forming capacity. Conversely, only two metabolic genes were recurrently affected, and phenotypic assays indicated a rather stable metabolism profile between the isolates suggesting minor adaptations to its host. Lastly, an overall decreased antibiotic resistance – expected in the absence of antibiotic treatment – contrasted with a conserved colistin resistance due to a pmrB mutation among the isolates
Conduite à tenir en cas d'alopécie chez le chien
No full textNational audienceLes dermatoses alopéciques sont parfois associées à des lésions concomitantes ou secondaires à l'alopécie. L'âge de l'animal, le distribution et l'étendue des lésions sont des facteurs diagnostiques importants. La démarche diagnostique doit être rigoureuse et l'examen complet. Les examens complémentaires sont à choisir selon les hypothèses émises. Enfin, un traitement n'est pas toujours nécessaire car les seules répercussions de certaines dermatoses ne sont qu'esthétiques.Cet article présente la conduite à tenir en cas d'alopécie ou d'hypotrichose sans prurit initial chez le chien
Causes of Death and Screening for Toxicants and Hemopathogens of European Hedgehogs (Erinaceus europaeus) from a Wildlife Rehabilitation Center in Northern France
No full textInternational audienceTo understand the dynamics of a pathogen in an animal population, one must assess how the infection status of individuals changes over time. With wild animals, this can be very challenging because individuals can be difficult to trap and sample, even more so since they are tested with imperfect diagnostic techniques. Multi-event capture-recapture models allow analysing longitudinal capture data of individuals whose infection status is assessed using imperfect tests. In this study, we used a two-year dataset from a longitudinal field study of peridomestic wild bird populations in the United Arab Emirates during which thousands of birds from various species were captured, sampled and tested for Newcastle disease virus exposure using a serological test. We developed a multi-event capture-recapture model to estimate important demographic and epidemiological parameters of the disease. The modelling outputs provided important insights into the understanding of Newcastle disease dynamics in peridomestics birds, which varies according to ecological and epidemiological parameters, and useful information in terms of surveillance strategies. To our knowledge, this study is the first attempt to model the dynamics of Newcastle disease in wild bird populations by combining longitudinal capture data and serological test results. Overall, it showcased that multi-event capture-recapture models represent a suitable method to analyse imperfect capture data and make reliable inferences on infectious disease dynamics in wild populations
Les biomarqueurs de la réponse inflammatoire aiguë chez le chien et le chat
No full textInternational audienceThe acute phase response is a nonspecific inflammatory reaction, inducing increased blood concentration od acute phase proteins such as C-reactive protein and serum amyloid A. The C-reactive protein is a sensitive but non specific acute phase protein in dogs, while it is neither sensitive, nor specifi in cats. The serum amyloid A is a feline inflammatory biomarker useful for detecting the presence of inflammation. However, neither the C-reactive protein, nor the serum amyloid A are able to differentiate septic from non-septic inflammatory reactions. The acute phase response can precede clinical signs, being interesting in the follow-up of inflammatory diseases, even before clinical response.La phase aiguë de l'inflammation est une réaction inflammatoire non spécifique qui induit des changements dans la concentration sanguine de certaines protéines telles que la protéine C réactive chez le chien et la protéine sérique amyloïde A chez le chat. L'augmentation de la protéine C réactive est très sensible chez le chien mais peu spécifique, tandis qu'elle n'est ni sensible ni spécifique chez le chat. La protéine sérique amyloïde A est un marqueur utile pour détecter la présence ou l'absence d'inflammation chez le chat. Cependant, ni la protéine C réactive chez le chien ni la protéine sérique amyloïde A chez le chat ne sont capables de différencier une inflammation septique d'une inflammation non septique. La phase aiguë de l'inflammation précède les signes cliniques et rend ainsi le suivi de la concentration sanguine des protéines de l'inflammation très intéressante, car une augmentation isolée de l'une d'elles peut indiquer une récidive de la maladie, avant même la réapparition des signes cliniques
Cricket protein-based film containing Caralluma fimbriata extract-based nanoparticles for preservation of cheddar cheese
No full textInternational audienceA bioactive film was developed using cricket (Acheta domestica) protein (Cric-Prot) and Caralluma fimbriata extract-based nanoparticles [Car-Fim-NPs (0.0, 1.0, 2.0, and 3.0 % w/v)] to augment the storage stability and functional value of cheddar cheese (Ched-Chee). The Car-Fim-NPs were developed using an ultrasonicationmediated (20 kHz, 500 W, 10 min, pulse duration of 5/5 s on/off) green method. The addition of Car-FimNPs modified the film characteristics [density (%), WVTR (mg/mt2), transmittance (%), elongation at break (%), and colour (L*, a*, b*)] and enhanced its antioxidant [DPPH, ABTS and FRAP activities, total phenolic and flavonoid contents, and antioxidant release (%)] and antimicrobial (inhibitory halos against E. coli and S. aureus) potential. Application of the films containing Car-Fim-NPs (1.0-3.0 %) increased the antioxidant potential (DPPH, ABTS and FRAP activities), lipid (TBARS and free fatty acids) and protein (total carbonyl content) oxidative stability, and microbial quality (microbial counts) of the Ched-Chee during 90 days of storage. The sensory quality of Ched-Chee showed a significant increase after day 30 till the storage end. Gastrointestinal digestion simulation augmented the antioxidant potential of Ched-Chee. Overall, the results indicate the possibility of the use of Cric-Prot-based film containing Car-Fim-NPs to enhance the storage quality of Ched-Chee