Portail des publications scientifiques de VetAgro Sup
Not a member yet
4236 research outputs found
Sort by
Evaluation of Theileria equi vertical transmission rate and routes in a cohort of asymptomatic mares and their foals
No full textInternational audienceEquine piroplasmosis is a tick-borne disease mainly caused by Theileria equi and Babesia caballi. The objectives of this study were to analyse the frequency and routes of vertical transmission of these blood parasites from 179 asymptomatic mares to their foals. Foals were sampled within 72 h post-partum. The seroprevalences determined by Indirect Immunofluorescent Antibody Test (IFAT) and based on a subset sample of 107 couples, were 59.8% and 42.1% for T. equi and B. caballi, respectively in the mare population, and 54.2% and 40.2% in the foal population. A species-specific nested PCR was performed on all blood samples (358) and on available samples of placenta (24), umbilicus (6) and colostrum (18). For mares, 30.2% (54/179) and 2.2% (4/179) were PCR-positive for T. equi and B. caballi, respectively. Vertical transmission was not observed in the case of B. caballi, and four foals were born T. equi PCR-positive, giving a transmission rate of 7.4% (4/54). The blood smear evaluation showed viable T. equi parasites for the four foals without clinical signs of neonatal equine piroplasmosis, but one foal had acute renal failure. Theileria equi DNA was detected in umbilical cords, placenta and/or colostrum from PCR-positive mares, without correlation with the carrier status of the foal. One foal was born carrier but T. equi DNA had not been detected in the placenta. The 18S rRNA genotype E of T. equi was characterized in the four foals, foetal parts of the placenta and colostrum. The routes of transmission and particularly the possibility of colostral passage warrant further investigation
Prevalence and location of myofascial trigger points in dogs with osteoarthritis
No full textInternational audienceIntroduction: This study was designed to determine the prevalence of myofascial pain and the location of myofascial trigger points (MTPs) in dogs with osteoarthritis.Methods: Thirty-five dogs were selected and examined for the presence of MTPs using palpation. Assessments were performed independently by two examiners. Correlations between age, MTP number and location, and the site of osteoarthritis were also investigated.Results and discussion: Thirty out of 35 dogs (86%) had at least one MTP and only 5 (14%) had none. A total of 177 MTPs were identified in dogs in this sample. The prevalence of MTPs was higher in the longissimus thoracicae (40% and 43%; left and right side respectively), followed by the quadriceps femoris (40% and 31%), longissimus lumborum (20% and 23%), gluteus medius and deltoid muscles (14%; left side only), and the pectineus muscle (11%; right side only). The number of osteoarthritic joints was not correlated with the number of MTPs or age. However, age was positively correlated with the number of muscles affected by MTPs. Correlations between the presence of MTPs in muscles surrounding and the affected joints were also lacking.Conclusion: The prevalence of MTPs in dogs with osteoarthritis is high. Myofascial TPs are positively correlated with age in these patients. The subjective nature of palpation is a major limitation in myofascial pain assessment. Appropriate training and use of standardized diagnostic criteria are recommended
Water voles select and overexploit high-quality habitats, hindering future colonisations: Evidence from drone-based monitoring of dandelion-vole interactions in mountain meadows
No full textLike many rodents, the water vole is able to reach high densities in meadows. During outbreaks, voles cause significant changes in plant communities. Although water voles consume a wide variety of plant species, dandelions have a unique position: they are selected by voles year-round and serve as a key resource during winter. Voles harvest all parts of the dandelion and store the roots in almost monospecific food stores. As dandelions This study demonstrates that dandelion density is a key criterion in habitat selection for water voles and that vole colonies rapidly deplete this resource after establishment. These findings provide insight into plant-herbivore interactions and offer valuable perspectives for further exploration of the plant hypothesis, particularly with respect to the dynamics of resource availability and its role in cyclic population fluctuations
Comparison of the frailty phenotype and frailty index for identifying vulnerable companion dogs
No full textInternational audienc
Assessment of microplastic contamination in shrimp utilizing multispectral imaging, fluorescence, and infrared spectroscopy
No full textInternational audienceThis research explores the potential of three spectroscopic techniques: Mid-Infrared (MIR) spectroscopy, fluorescence spectroscopy, and multispectral imaging (MSI) in predicting and categorizing microplastic (MP) contamination levels in minced shrimp. The shrimp samples were mixed with varying concentrations of polystyrene (PS), polypropylene (PP), polyethylene (PE), and polyethylene terephthalate (PET) microplastics at 11 different levels, ranging from 0 % to 10 % w/w. These levels included 0 %, 0.04 %, 0.08 %, 0.12 %, 0.16 %, 0.20 %, 0.60 %, 0.80 %, 1 %, 5 %, and 10 % w/w. Partial least squares regression (PLSR) was utilized to predict the level of MP contamination. The results showed that MSI and fluorescence spectroscopy effectively predicted the four types of MP, resulting in R2p values ranging from 0.61 to 0.98 and root mean square error of prediction (RMSEP) values ranging between 0.43 and 2.89. On the other hand, partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLSDA) was employed to classify the contamination level of shrimp into three groups: low, medium, and high concentrations. PLSDA demonstrated exceptional classification accuracy ranging from 70.37 % to 98.15 % for all MP contamination using the three techniques (MSI, MIR, and fluorescence spectroscopy). These findings emphasize the effectiveness of spectroscopic techniques in detecting and quantifying microplastic contamination in shrimp, serving as a valuable tool for ensuring food safety and addressing environmental concerns associated with microplastics in the seafood supply chain
Emergence and rapid propagation of ST4 Mycoplasma bovis subtype in France and Belgium
No full textInternational audienceMycoplasma (M.) bovis is a major pathogen worldwide involved in bovine respiratory disease with significant economic and welfare impacts. Since the 2000s, the laboratory-based surveillance network Vigimyc has integrated molecular typing of an annual subset of M. bovis isolates collected in France, and more recently in Belgium. This study aimed to characterize the epidemiological situation and evolution of M. bovis in both countries over the 2018–2024 period. A total of 498 M. bovis isolates were characterized using a routine monitoring approach based on polC subtyping. We observed the apparent re-emergence and the rapid spread of polC st1 isolates since 2019 in France and 2020 in Belgium, accompanied by a concurrent and marked decline of the previously dominant polC st2 genotype. To investigate this phenomenon, we performed whole-genome sequencing on 45 polC st1 isolates to explore their genetic diversity and evolutionary relationships between strains. Genome-based analyses highlighted that this population was phylogenetically distinct from the older polC st1 isolates collected before 2000 and belonged to the ST4 according to the updated PubMLST database. The genetic diversity within these isolates was extremely low in comparison to that observed in the other subtypes, thus highlighting the recent and clonal emergence of this new lineage. In the absence of apparent AMR switch associated with this expansion, as previously observed for the emergence of polC st2 population, we identified putative genetic patterns specific to this lineage that may contribute to the fitness and epidemiological success of recent polC st1 isolates
Correction to: Main conclusions and perspectives from the collective scientific assessment of the effects of plant protection products on biodiversity and ecosystem services along the land–sea continuum in France and French overseas territories
No full textInternational audienceThe default Competing Interests statement has been published when in fact the following information is missing:Since 2022, Stéphane Pesce has held the position of Vice-Chairman of the evertéa Foundation, which since 2013 has been chaired by Philippe Garrigues, Editor-in-Chief of Environmental Science and Pollution Research. These Vice-Chairman and Chairmanship functions are performed on a purely voluntary basis, with no compensation of any kind. Stéphane Pesce co-authored this article as part of his role as scientific lead for the collective scientific assessment on the effects of plant protection products on biodiversity and ecosystem services along the land–sea continuum in France and French overseas territories, on which this work is based. The other authors declare no competing interests
Intégration des enjeux d’accès à l’alimentation dans les politiques alimentaires territoriales
No full textInternational audienceIn view of linking ecological transition and social justice issues, the article analyses the integration of food access issues into local food policies. The fieldwork has been carried out in the Puy-de-Dôme department, using documentary data, semi-structured interviews, and involvement in Territorial Food Projects (PAT), a project supporting food aid coordination at departmental level and an emerging initiative toward food social security. The material collected is analyzed with an original framework based on social justice and policy integration works. A specific attention is paid to the ways in which inequalities are recognized, to the forms of redistribution and to the participation of different stakeholders in shaping public action. The public policy instruments deployed, incentive-based, put local stakeholders in competition for fundings and comfort the main conventional food aid actors. This analysis highlights the persistence of sectoral approaches in local food policy and the lack of public actors' organizational resources for addressing food access issues. Faced with limited political support for food issues and a lack of resources regarding food access from local public stakeholders, some private stakeholders activate different networks and local resources to promote their vision of food access issues. Eventually, this multi-stakeholder and multi-scale approach re-examines the role of public stakeholders regarding social justice, whether they support conventional food systems or innovations based on transformative strategy.Dans une perspective d’articulation des enjeux de transition écologique et de justice sociale, cet article dresse une analyse des processus d’intégration des enjeux d’accès à l’alimentation dans les politiques alimentaires territoriales. Cette recherche s’appuie sur un travail de terrain effectué sur le département du Puy-de-Dôme, sur la base de données documentaires, la conduite d’entretiens semi-directifs ainsi qu’une implication auprès de Projets alimentaires territoriaux (PAT), d’un projet de coordination des structures d’aide alimentaire à l’échelle départementale et d’un collectif émergent inspiré par le projet de Sécurité Sociale de l’Alimentation. Le matériau collecté est analysé en croisant les approches de la justice sociale et des processus d’intégration dans les politiques publiques. Une attention particulière est portée aux modalités de reconnaissance des inégalités à l’œuvre, aux formes de redistribution déployées et à la participation de différents acteurs. Les instruments d’action publique déployés, de nature incitative, contribuent à une mise en compétition entre acteurs locaux et confortent les principaux acteurs associatifs de l’aide alimentaire conventionnelle. Cette analyse illustre le maintien d’approches sectorielles des politiques publiques à l’échelle territoriale et la faiblesse des ressources organisationnelles des acteurs publics locaux pour le traitement des enjeux d’accès à l’alimentation. Face au portage politique limité en matière d’alimentation et au manque de moyens des acteurs publics locaux, certains acteurs privés sont en capacité d’activer différents réseaux et ressources territoriales afin de porter leurs visions des enjeux concernant l’accès à l’alimentation. Finalement, cette approche multi-acteurs et multi-échelles réinterroge le rôle des acteurs publics en matière de justice sociale, entre un appui aux systèmes alimentaires conventionnels et un soutien aux innovations portant une visée transformatrice
Microbial transfers in dairy systems under changing climate and farming practices
No full textInternational audienceContext. Evolving agricultural practices aimed at mitigating the effects of climate change raise questions about their impact on the microbial characteristics of the food matrix, which is particularly relevant for raw milk cheese production. To address these issues, we explored microbial transfers across cheese production from farm environments to raw milk cheese and rat microbiota consuming these cheeses in four farming systems with varying grazing proportions in cow diet for 3 months.Results. 736 samples were collected in 12 ecosystems (air, soil, grass, cow rumen and feces, teats, bedding material, milk, milk filter, cheese curd and rind, and rat feces) and at three sampling dates (only one for cheeses and rats). The bacterial and fungal communities were characterized by 16S V3-V4 and ITS sequencing and data were processed with rAnomaly package [1] (dada2 [2], taxonomic assignation 16S: SILVA database and DairyDB, ITS: UNITE and UTOPIA). Conclusion.The twelve ecosystems were highly heterogeneous in terms of community composition, diversity and regarding the four farming systems. We identified shared ASVs across the farm to fork agri-food chain, and determined diversity hotspots and bottlenecks impacting downstream microbiota, such as bedding material or cow rumens. These microbial transfers differed between the four farming systems and evolved in time.</div
Opinion and report of the French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health and Safety (ANSES) relating to an analysis of the health risks associated with exposure to caterpillars with stinging hairs and the development of management recommendations
No full textXavier Bailly et Elsa Jourdain ne sont pas auteurs mais relecteurs du rapportInternational audienceSeveral species of Lepidoptera with caterpillars bearing urticating hairs are increasing their range in metropolitan France from year to year, such as the pine processionary (Thaumetopoea pityocampa Denis et Schiffermüller 1775) whose presence was historically limited to the south of France, and which is gradually being observed in the north and at higher altitudes. The procession period also seems to be appearing earlier. Climate change could have an impact on the range and phenology of this species, as well as other species of Lepidoptera with caterpillar bearing urticating hairs. Urticating caterpillars, which can trigger diffuse urticariform papules and allergic reactions for human people through contact with the skin, mucous membranes or inhalation, represent a health issue. These caterpillars also cause a health risk for animals and can have an impact on plants due to the resulting defoliation. This risk assessment therefore focused on the risk posed by these urticating caterpillars in areas where they have been established for a long time as well as in areas where they currently do not occur but could be colonized in the short or medium terms. One of the outputs of the evaluation consisted in identifying 55 different species of Lepidoptera with urticating caterpillars, for metropolitan France, but also for the overseas regions, based on the review by Kawamoto and Kumada (1984) and the GBIF database. In addition, detailed sheets for the well‐known species were drawn up, describing in particular their range, their phenology and the period when the urticating stages occur. A literature review as well as data from poison control centres and the analysis of the results of two surveys (of three associations of dermatologists/allergists and of occupational populations at risk) allowed to characterize the contexts of exposure and the human populations at risk. Concerning animal health, in addition to an epidemioclinical description based on the literature, data from veterinary poison control centres were analyzed in the specific case of dog exposure to the pine processionary between 1999 and 2021 in metropolitan french territory. Given the impact of these species of Lepidoptera on ecosystems, due to the defoliation they induce, this scientific opinion investigated the impact of these species on ecosystem services. The socio‐economic impacts of defoliations and risk management measures implemented in the event of an outbreak were studied based on a literature review and simulations for forest recreation. To represent risk for the whole metropolitan France territory, three risk maps of the human population exposure to the pine processionary, the oak processionary and the brown‐tail moth were designed at municipality level. A multi‐criteria analysis was undertaken to characterize danger (urticating caterpillars) and vulnerability of human populations. Then, the municipalities were ranked according to their level of danger and vulnerability. As a result, municipalities have been classified into 5 danger classes and 5 vulnerability classes. Based on a risk matrix with levels of hazard (abscissa axis) and levels of vulnerability (ordinate axis), 5 levels of risk were finally defined and the 34,816 municipalities of metropolitan France were classified according to their level of risk