Portail des publications scientifiques de VetAgro Sup
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Inférer les processus d'assemblage des communautés aux interfaces : tirons partie de l'anisotropie !
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Characterization of Cantal and Salers Protected Designation of Origin Cheeses Based on Sensory Analysis, Physicochemical Characteristics and Volatile Compounds
No full textInternational audienceIn this work, the aim was to characterize and differentiate two Protected Designation of Origin (PDO) semi-hard French cheese categories (Salers and Cantal cheeses) by focusing on their sensory, biochemical and volatile characteristics. A total of twelve cheeses, including six Cantal and six Salers cheeses, were analyzed. The provenance of milk from two dairy cow breeds (Salers and non-Salers) was discussed sensorially and chemically for each cheese sample and for each cheese category. Despite very few significant differences in biochemical parameters, differences were observed concerning the volatile composition and sensory profiles between each cheese category. Salers cheeses were clearly differentiated by their appearance and their more intense aromatic characteristics compared to Cantal cheeses. A large number of volatile compounds (VOCs) belonging to acids, alcohols, aldehydes, ketones and esters were detected in each cheese category (n = 78). The relative quantity of each compound varied depending on the cheese category but was lowly impacted by the origin of the breed’s milk. The results suggest that the provenance of milk (Salers vs. non-Salers) have a low impact on the chemical and sensory differentiation of cheeses regardless of the PDO cheese category. However, the PDO cheese categories (Salers vs. Cantal) were clearly differentiated by their volatile and sensory characteristics. The PDO Salers cheeses presented the highest flavor variability compared to the PDO Cantal cheeses due to compounds belonging to alcohols, acids, aldehydes and ester conferring ammonia, vegetal and animal flavors compared to the PDO Cantal cheeses that were perceived as more pungent and bitter
Diagnostic in vivo des hydranencéphalies chez le veau à l’aide de l’échographie trans-temporale
No full textInternational audienceAs a result of the outbreaks of bluetongue (BT) in France in 2024, vets and farmers are seeing a large number of ‘dummy’ calves on cattle farms.This clinical manifestation may be due to hydranencephaly caused by viral infections in utero, in particular by the bluetongue virus. To identify this congenital malformation, a trans-temporal ultrasound scan can be performed directly on the farm using a linear or sectorial probe. This method makes it possible to visualise the cerebral parenchyma (or lack of it) in calves up to 3 months old and to quickly identify affected calves, thus avoiding futile and costly probabilistic treatment for farmers.En conséquence des épidémies de fièvre catarrhale ovine (FCO) en 2024 en France, les vétérinaires et éleveurs sont confrontés à de nombreux veaux « idiots » dans les élevages bovins. Cette manifestation clinique peut être due à une hydranencéphalie causée par des infections virales in utero, notamment par le virus de la FCO. Pour mettre en évidence cette malformation congénitale, une échographie trans-temporale peut être réalisée directement à la ferme à l’aide d’ une sonde linéaire ou sectorielle. Cette méthode permet de visualiser le parenchyme cérébral (ou son absence) chez les veaux jusqu’à 3 mois d’ âge et d’identifier rapidement les veaux atteints, évitant ainsi une prise en charge probabiliste vaine et coûteuse pour les éleveurs
Is use of antimicrobial growth promoters linked to antimicrobial resistance in food-producing animals? A systematic review
No full textInternational audienceAntimicrobial resistance (AMR) poses a global threat to the health of humans, animals and plants, as well as the environment. In recent years, attention has increasingly focused on the role of antimicrobials as growth promoter (AGPs) in livestock. While the mechanism of action of AGPs is still poorly understood, mounting evidence suggests a link between AGP use and AMR. Consequently, several countries and regions have restricted/banned AGP use in livestock. However, such efforts encounter political, financial, social, and cultural challenges. This systematic review aims to investigate the impact of AGP use on AMR in food-producing animals and focused on the emergence of phenotypic resistance in Escherichia coli isolated from livestock exposed to AGPs. Overall, 7,000 studies were screened at title, abstract and full text; from these, 10 were deemed eligible for inclusion in this review. Among the 10 selected studies, seven noted significant increase of AMR associated with AGP use. Significantly increased resistance levels to Highest Priority Critically Important Antimicrobials for human health such as ceftiofur, cefotaxime, ciprofloxacin, and nalidixic acid were observed among other antimicrobials. However, the studies revealed high risk of bias underscoring the need for further research. This review provides a deeper understanding of the consequences of AGP use and occurrence of AMR. It highlights the need for implementing efficient surveillance systems and fostering research into suitable alternatives to AGPs. A shift to sustainable husbandry practices including responsible AMU while safeguarding animal health, productivity and farmers' livelihoods are essential for successful policy implementation
Conduite à tenir devant une onychomadèse chez le chien
No full textNational audienceL'atteinte des griffes est un motif de consultation peu commun en médecine vétérinaire.Parmi les atteintes de la griffe, l'onychomadèse est rare, et se manifeste par le décollement d'une griffe pouvant aller jusqu'à sa chute, souvent accompagnée de douleurs et d'une inflammation périunguéale.Pour pouvoir prendre en charge une onychomadèse, il faut d'abord savoir la reconnaître et la différencier des autres affections unguéales. Contrairement aux dystrophies unguéales classiques, cette condition est souvent aiguë et implique une rupture à la jonction entre la matrice unguéale et la paroi de la griffe.Une prise en charge rigoureuse est essentielle pour en déterminer la cause et éviter des récidives ou des complications infectieuses.Cet article présente la conduite à tenir face aux causes les plus fréquentes d'onychomadèse, les dermatoses bulleuses (congénitales ou auto-immunes) et le pemphigus vulgaire ne seront pas traités
L’hérésie effondriste. Affinités électives d’un courant écologiste hétérodoxe
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Qui a tué les bouquetins du Bargy ? Usages et effets de la « crise » du Bouquetin du Bargy sur les savoirs vétérinaires
No full textInternational audienceAlors que la France n’avait pas connu de cas de brucellose de ruminants en élevage depuis plus de 10 ans, un cas bovin est mis en évidence le 4 avril 2012. Cinq autres vaches s’avèrent séropositives, le cheptel est donc, par précaution, entièrement abattu. Quelques mois plus tôt, un cas de brucellose humaine avait été identifié chez un enfant, suivi d’un second cas dans la même famille. L’ANSES met en évidence la similarité des souches bactériennes chez les patients et le premier cas bovin. L’enquête scientifique conduit les agents de l’ONCFS à étendre les recherches de la bactérie à la faune sauvage. Les investigations permettent d’identifier la présence de brucellose dans une population de bouquetins du massif du Bargy. De la destruction de tous les bouquetins à leur défense, les positions se figent très rapidement, mais la décision politique consistera à abattre les animaux. L’article reviendra sur les conflits d’interprétation relatifs aux mesures à mettre en place pour lutter contre la brucellose et sur les effets de cette crise sur les savoirs liés à la gestion de la faune sauvage et domestique
Interspecies variability in hepatic vitamin K reserves - implications for anticoagulant rodenticide sensitivity and ecotoxicological risk assessment
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Factors associated with increased resilience to heat waves in French dairy herds - a long-term study
No full textInternational audienceLivestock systems are increasingly challenged by climate change. In this context, improved herd management is increasingly being sought to enhance coping capacity. We investigated short-term and long-term stability in 3393 herds that were monitored for 12 to 23 years. Four annual herd performance indicators were analysed: average milk yield per cow, average productive longevity (first calving to end of last lactation), average herd size (dairy cows number) and in-calf rate. Resilience was evaluated as the deviation from an estimated performance trend in response to an annual heat waves index. We first described impact of heat waves on herd performance, then analysed the factors influencing herds sensitivity to heat waves, including breed, calving season, production level, herd size, primiparous rate and climatic region (hot oceanic, cold-wet oceanic, semi-mountainous). We found that annual average milk yield and in-calf were significantly reduced in years with heat waves (average losses: -1% milk; -5% in-calf). The following year, average cow longevity and dairy herd size were also reduced (-5% longevity; -8% herd size). Herds with the spread calvings were twice as resilient to annual heat wave disturbances compared to the herds with calvings in winter. The climatic region also showed a major effect: herds located in semi-mountainous and hot oceanic areas were twice as resilient to heat waves compared to those in cold-wet oceanic climate. These results indicate that (1) the ability of dairy herds to cope with challenges may be associated with specific calving organisation through buffer effect (2) the sensitivity of dairy herds to heat waves varies according to their geographical context. Herds previously exposed to heat waves may have developed coping mechanisms to face climate change through cattle acclimatisation and/or husbandry practices. Understanding why some herds fare better than others could lead to the identification of levers for adaptation of livestock systems to climate change
<i>Toxocara canis</i> : importance médicale, morphologie et biologie
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