Portail des publications scientifiques de VetAgro Sup
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Spatio‐temporal patterns and risk factors of wild boar–pig farm contact across Europe
No full textInternational audienceDiseases circulating at the wild–domestic animal interface are increasingly difficult to control due to human encroachment into wildlife habitats. Understanding the factors driving wild animals to visit livestock farms is crucial for reducing the risk of disease outbreaks with severe economic and social consequences. In this study, we quantified the contact rate at the wild boar–domestic pig interface across Europe using a large‐scale dataset of wild boar GPS tracking and domestic pig farm geolocations. We estimated wild boar contact rate with pig farms at hourly and monthly scales and analysed the influence of environmental, wild boar‐ and farm‐related variables. Across 187 tracked wild boars and 457 pig farms, we detected 3322 contact events, with a highly skewed contact distribution: only 5% of wild boars and 1% of farms accounted for 50% of all events. On average, each wild boar had 1.59 contacts per month with a given farm (95% CI: 1.33–1.85) and 2.58 contacts per month when considering all farms located within its monthly home range (95% CI: 1.62–3.53). Seasonal variation differed between sexes, with a bimodal distribution for males with contact rates peaking in March and August–September, and a slight increase in contact rate throughout winter for females. Monthly contact rate increased with forest cover, human footprint, wild boar population density and individual proximity to pig farms. Farms with more built infrastructure faced fewer contacts, and larger farms had higher contact rates. Contacts occurred mostly after sunset and around sunrise. Synthesis and applications . Our results highlight the need to incorporate wild boar spatio‐temporal behaviour and farm context into strategies aimed at reducing contact at the wild–domestic pig interface. While physical barriers and avoiding unintentional feeding remain essential, targeted measures during high‐risk periods, such as night‐time surveillance in summer and autumn, especially around large farms in wooded landscapes or areas with high wild boar density, could help reduce contact occurrence
Impacts des digestats issus de matières organiques émergentes sur les communautés bactériennes des sols et des phyllosphères en écosystèmes prairiaux
No full textInternational audienceImpacts des digestats issus de matières organiques émergentes sur les communautés bactériennes des sols et des phyllosphères en écosystèmes prairiaux 'estimer la contribution des communautés bactériennes des biofertilisants à celles des sols et des phyllosphère</div
Opinion Paper: Working on alternative methods in experimental animal sciences. Experience from the case of fistulated ruminants
No full textInternational audienc
Clinically‐Relevant Static Magnetic Field Induces Release of Encapsulated Molecules from Magnetoliposomes
No full textInternational audienceMagnetoliposomes (MLs) are known for their great potential in drug release under an alternating current (AC) magnetic field (MF). However, AC magnetic fields require specific setups that remain poorly implemented worldwide, contrary to direct currents (DC) that are present in widely used magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) devices. In this work, we evidence the feasibility of a drug release triggered by a 1.5 T constant MF, currently used in clinics. The structuration of magnetite nanoparticles (NPs) stabilized by surface adsorption of citric acid (Fe 3 O 4 :CA NPs), and an optional chitosan shell (Fe 3 O 4 :CA:CS NPs) to enhance cytocompatibility, was followed under a 1.5 T constant by small‐angle X‐ray scattering (SAXS), and dynamic light scattering (DLS). MLs encapsulating both Fe 3 O 4 :CA NPs and fluorescent carboxyfluorescein (CF), were also submitted to 1.5 T, and the CF fractional release was monitored. The effect of Fe 3 O 4 :CA:CS NPs addition externally to MLs in the suspension was investigated. Results evidenced that both Fe 3 O 4 :CA and Fe 3 O 4 :CA:CS NPs formed necklace‐like aggregates under DC MF. Fluorescence experiments demonstrated a significant CF release from MLs, which was enhanced by the addition of external NPs, while empty liposomes exhibited negligible releases. Finally, a biological evaluation of MLs and NPs revealed an excellent cytocompatibility
A day in the life of an aged cat – Environment of old domestic cats and welfare implications
No full textInternational audienc
L’autonomisation au travail d’éleveurs qui valorisent des milieux semi-naturels par le pâturage
No full textPARTIE II: LES NOUVELLES PRATIQUES AGRICOLESInternational audienc
Measuring shade use of dairy cattle at pasture with an on-cow light sensor: a case study
No full textInternational audienceGrazing cows preferentially access shade to shield against the sun. However, the conditions that provide cows with optimal shade access and use (e.g. no competition for access to shade) are still unknown. Continuous monitoring of shade use by grazing cattle could help to understand how and when cows use shade resources. The aim of this study was to validate a method based on a light sensor (HOBO Pendant MX2202) attached to the back (on the transverse processes of the lumbar vertebrae) of 7 dairy cows at pasture to continuously record their use of natural shade for research purposes. Live behavioral observations of shade use and cow posture were recorded in summer (June to September, between 9 am and 6 pm). Based on the behavioral observation data, we determined thresholds in lux to discriminate between cows in shade and cows in sun on a randomly-generated training dataset representing 15 % of the initial dataset. This process was repeated 100 times, generating 100 thresholds and threshold performances. Data loss due to sensor loss or battery discharge was 9 %, which is acceptable. The thresholds ranged from 15,688 to 40556 lx: sensitivity ranged from 92.0 % to 99.8 % and specificity ranged from 88.7 % to 99.9 %, showing that the performances were robust to threshold variation within this range. This study demonstrates that an efficient threshold to discriminate cows in shade from cows in the sun can be determined via a relatively short (about 12 h) series of live observations. As performances seem to be slightly lower for lying cows than for standing cows (mean false-positive rate is 7.4 % for lying cows versus 1.8 % for standing cows), future studies should consider the posture (which can also be monitored continuously with other sensors such as accelerometer installed on the legs or on the neck collar of the cows)
Impact of vasopressor administration on peripheral perfusion assessed by skin temperature gradient during severe hemorrhagic shock
No full textInternational audienc
Tiques et santé. Biologie, maladies, maîtrise du risque
No full textInternational audienceFace aux déséquilibres écologiques et au risque croissant d’épidémies liés au changement global, il est légitime de s’interroger sur le rôle des tiques, connues pour transmettre de nombreux agents pathogènes à l’homme et l’animal. Elles peuvent être à l’origine d’un certain nombre de maladies, comme la maladie de Lyme.Cet ouvrage présente en premier lieu des éléments de base sur la biologie et l’écologie de ces parasites : quels sont leurs habitats, leurs hôtes préférés ? Comment localisent-ils ces hôtes et comment se reproduisent-ils ? Quels agents pathogènes transmettent-ils ? Sommes-nous égaux face au risque de piqûre ? Quelles sont les zones les plus infestées ? Les composantes du risque lié aux tiques et les moyens de connaître et suivre ce risque sont ensuite détaillés. Des stratégies sont proposées, qu’il s’agisse d’actions individuelles (adaptation des comportements, recours éventuel à la vaccination) ou collectives (meilleure gestion des zones de contact entre espaces naturels et zones habitées).Ce livre s’adresse à toute personne pratiquant des activités de plein air, ainsi qu’aux étudiants et enseignants. Il invite, sans alarmisme, à une approche basée sur la vigilance
Understanding the diversity and the personal experience of successors during farm transfers: case study in French cattle farming
No full textInternational audienceFarm transfer, whereby a new farmer takes over as head of an agricultural holding, is a crucial phase in which transferors and successors must succeed in aligning their expectations. While most literature focuses on transferors and factors of transfer success, the present research offers a better understanding of the complexity of this phase and the personal experience lived by successors, with a case study in France. The analysis was conducted in 2019–2020 in the French sub-regions of Puy-de-Dôme, Doubs and Ille-et-Vilaine, focusing on successors who had taken over farms in the period between 2005 and 2018, most of which were cattle farms. The aim of this research was to contribute to the understanding of the different types of successors and the respective challenges they face during their taking over of a farm, through the development of an indicator for measuring the way successors personally experience farm transfers. Successors fall into three broad categories: young farmers directly taking over from their parents and starting out as business associates with them; late-coming farmers, whose level of education is generally low and who are not usually related to the transferors; and women with a high level of education seeking a change of career and taking over farms with family connections, although not their parents. In spite of the diversity found among these successor types, all are broadly satisfied with the farm transfer and emphasise, as a key factor in the success of the transfer process, the importance of good knowledge of each other to both transferor and successor