Portail des publications scientifiques de VetAgro Sup
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Combining wheat and diverse perennial species: What is the impact on Z.tritici development and the wheat microbiome?
No full textInternational audienceIncreasing biodiversity in agroecosystems, is desirable for maintaining ecosystem functions, including disease regulation. Strip-intercropping is one of the most effective crop diversification strategy used to limit disease development. However, it generally consists of the association of two crops, whereas several ecological studies recommend highest levels of diversity. In this context, a new cropping system called “Agroprairie” has been designed resulting from the association of alternating strips of wheat and diverse prairies (>10 plant species). The aim of this study is to explore the effect of this new cropping system on the regulation of Zymoseptoria tritici the causal agent of Septoria tritici blotch (STB), one of the most damaging leaf diseases of wheat.To achieve this, four wheat cultivars with contrasting susceptibilities to STB, grown in “agroprairies” associated with four types of prairies (with different growth strategies and legume proportions) were investigated to explore the influence of intra- and interspecific diversity on the development of STB. In addition, a reduced number of plots with the most STB-susceptible cultivar was inoculated with Z.tritici to test the resistance of the associated wheat to inoculation. In parallel, to explore the role of microbiome in disease development, rhizosphere and roots DNA from associated wheat and prairies samples was extracted and sequenced using 16S rDNA. Four different STB incidence and severity notations were recorded between flowering and ripening stage. The results showed that agroprairies with the highest biomass and proportion of legumes reduce the incidence of STB compared to wheat monoculture. However, the protection afforded to wheat by prairie strips is lost when Z.tritici is inoculated, which means that this protection may mainly come from a barrier effect. In parallel, preliminary results show that agroprairies modify the composition of the bacterial rhizospheric and root microbiome of wheat, and increase the abundance of known PGPRs
La reproduction et la médecine préventive : quel lien ?
No full textCommunication sur une conférence à venir au congrès de l'AFVAC, prévu du 27 au 29/11/2025 à Marseill
Scrub typhus in Nan province (Thailand): Seventeen years of data to understand the impact of land cover change
No full textUncorrected proofInternational audienceBackground Scrub typhus, caused by Orientia tsutsugamushi and transmitted by chigger mites ( Leptotrombidium ), is a major health problem in northern Thailand, particularly in Nan province. Land cover change, by altering the ecosystem, could affect the ecology of the vector and consequently the risk of scrub typhus transmission. Methodology/principal findingsThis study investigated the impact of land cover changes on scrub typhus transmission in 2.5 km buffer zones around each village of Nan Province between 2003 and 2019. Using the open land cover data of the European Spatial Agency Climate Change Initiative (ESA CCI), we quantified land cover composition and land cover changes and integrated public health data on scrub typhus cases, as well as information on elevation, population, and slope. Generalized Additive Models were applied to assess the effects of land cover changes on annual scrub typhus cases. Scrub typhus cases increased significantly during the study period, peaking in 2012 and 2016, mainly in mountainous areas rather than in the Nan River valley. Land cover associated with cases included shrubland, mosaic land, broadleaf forest, and needleleaf forest. Cases increased with shrubland and mosaic land, displayed an inverted U-shaped relationship with broadleaf forest, and decreased with needleleaf forest. Key land cover change factors included shrubland transitions, population, and geographic interactions. Reforestation (from shrubland to broadleaf forest) showed an inverted U-shaped relationship with cases, whereas stable broadleaf forest and loss of shrubland to grassland became non-significant. Male population increased cases. Conclusions/significance This study highlights the importance of land cover changes in understanding disease transmission and suggests that landscapes disturbance may create optimal conditions for O. tsutsugamushi transmission. This is a novel regional-scale exploration of land cover impacts on scrub typhus in Thailand
Infection rate of Borrelia burgdorferi genospecies in human-biting Ixodes ricinus ticks: models for surveillance based on the French citizen science programme CiTIQUE
No full textAbstract In Europe, Lyme borreliosis is the most common vector-borne human disease, caused mainly by Borrelia afzelii and Borrelia garinii , two species of the Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato (Bbsl) complex transmitted by the tick Ixodes ricinus . Accurately assessing the spatial risk of human exposure to these pathogens is essential for efficient public health surveillance. However conventional monitoring often struggles to produce geographically explicit, large-scale data that capture the heterogeneity of human exposure and its drivers. Focusing on continental France, we leveraged data from the French CiTIQUE citizen science programme to analyse spatial variation of Bbsl infection in georeferenced human-biting I. ricinus ticks and to model the relationship between Bbsl distribution and environmental, ecological, and anthropogenic factors. From 2017–2019, 1,891 ticks were analysed, of which 15% tested positive for Bbsl. The most prevalent genospecies were B. afzelii (7.2%) and B. garinii (4.2%). Infection rates varied spatially, with distinct distribution patterns across pathogen groups. Tick habitat suitability was the most consistent predictor for overall Bbsl infection probability, genospecies-specific models revealed the importance of their respective reservoir hosts: B. afzelii occurrence was positively associated with rodent species richness, whereas B. garinii was associated with Turdidae species and showed potential traces of a dilution effect due to rodents. Our findings demonstrate the value of citizen science for complementing formal surveillance and provide the first geographically explicit, large-scale insights into Bbsl eco-epidemiology in France. This scalable approach offers an adaptable framework for monitoring vector-borne disease risk and guiding public health strategies. Importance Lyme borreliosis, caused by Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato, is the most common human vector-borne disease in Europe. Accurate assessment of spatial exposure risk is essential for effective public health surveillance and interventions. Using data from the French CiTIQUE citizen science program, we reveal pathogen-specific spatial patterns and identify the factors shaping them, at a geographic resolution not previously studied. Our findings demonstrate that citizen science can provide a scalable and adaptive framework for long-term surveillance of vector-borne disease risk, offering valuable insights to guide targeted prevention and control measures
A blinded randomised split‐body clinical trial evaluating the effect of fluorescent light energy on antimicrobial management of canine interdigital furunculosis
No full textInternational audienceZusammenfassung Hintergrund Die interdigitale Furunkulose (CIF) des Hundes ist eine komplexe, wiederkehrende entzündliche Erkrankung, die typischerweise durch tiefe bakterielle Infektionen verkompliziert wird und dadurch den verlängerten Einsatz von systemischen Antibiotika bedingt. Hypothese/Ziele Diese Split‐Body Studie, wo Hunde als ihre eigene Kontrolle dienten, evaluierte, ob der zusätzliche Einsatz von fluoreszierender Lichtenergie (FLE) die Zeitdauer bis zur klinischen Abheilung der CIF verkürzen und den Einsatz systemischer Antibiotika minimieren könnte. Tiere Fünfunddreißig Hunde in Privatbesitz mit Zeichen von interdigitaler Furunkulose an mindestens zwei Pfoten. Materialien und Methoden Diese prospektive einfachblinde, randomisierte, Split‐Body Multicenter klinische Studie behandelte Hunde basierend auf einer bakteriellen Kultur und Sensibilität mit systemischen Antibiotika. Eine Pfote pro Hund wurde zufällig mittels Münzwurfmethode zur wöchentlichen FLE‐Anwendung ausgewählt, während die andere Pfote als Kontrolle diente. Die Hunde wurden 56 Tage lang alle 2 Wochen in Bezug auf zwei Parameter bewertet: ein globaler Läsionswert (inklusive hämorrhagische Bläschen, Fisteln mit Fistelgängen, Krusten und Ulzera) und ein Wert, welcher das Ausmaß der Bakterien verschlingender Neutrophiler bestimmte (NES, 0‐4). Die Zeit bis zur klinischen Heilung und die Läsionswerte wurden erfasst und zwischen den Gruppen verglichen. Ergebnisse Am Tag (D)28 und D56 zeigte die FLE‐Gruppe signifikant häufiger geheilte Pfoten (50% und 88%, p = 0,021) im Vergleich zur Kontrolle (17% und 54%, p = 0,008). Der Medianwert der Zeit bis zur klinischen Abheilung war in der FLE‐Gruppe kürzer (35 Tage) im Vergleich zur Kontrollgruppe (56 Tage, p = 0,017). Es wurde kein Unterschied zwischen den Gruppen in Bezug auf den NES‐Wert festgestellt. Schlussfolgerungen und klinische Bedeutung Diese blinde, randomisierte, Split‐Body Studie zeigte, dass FLE eine wirksame Zusatzbehandlung für CIF darstellt. Es reduziert die Zeit bis zur klinischen Heilung und erhöht die Heilungsrate während es den Antibiotikaeinsatz minimiert.Background Canine interdigital furunculosis (CIF) is a complex, relapsing inflammatory condition, typically complicated by deep bacterial infections requiring prolonged systemic antibiotics. Hypothesis/Objectives This split‐body study, where dogs acted as their own control, evaluated whether the adjunctive use of fluorescent light energy (FLE) could shorten the time to clinical resolution of CIF and minimise systemic antimicrobial use. Animals Thirty‐five client‐owned dogs with signs of interdigital furunculosis in at least two paws. Materials and Methods This prospective, single‐blinded, randomised, split‐body multicentre clinical trial treated dogs with systemic antibiotics based on bacterial culture and sensitivity. One paw per dog was randomly selected using a coin‐toss method for weekly FLE application, while the other paw served as a control. Dogs were scored every 2 weeks over 56 days on two parameters: a global lesion score (including haemorrhagic vesicles, fistulae with draining tracts, crusts and ulcers) and neutrophils engulfing bacteria score (NES, 0–4). Time to clinical resolution and lesion scores were assessed and compared between groups. Results At Day (D)28 and D56, the FLE group showed significantly more healed paws (50% and 88%, p = 0.021) compared to the control (17% and 54%, p = 0.008). The median time to clinical resolution was shorter for the FLE group (35 days) compared to the control group (56 days, p = 0.017). No difference in NES score was observed between groups. Conclusions and Clinical Relevance This blinded, randomised, split‐body clinical trial demonstrated that FLE is an effective adjunctive therapy for CIF. It reduces the time to clinical resolution and increases the resolution rate while minimising the need for antibiotics.RESUMEN Introducción la forúnculos interdigital canina (CIF, por sus siglas en inglés) es una afección inflamatoria compleja y recurrente, típicamente complicada por infecciones bacterianas profundas que requieren antibióticos sistémicos en uso prolongado. Hipótesis/Objetivos Este estudio de cuerpo dividido, en el que los perros actuaron como su propio control, evaluó si el uso de energía de luz fluorescente (FLE) adjunta a otra terapia, podría acortar el tiempo de resolución clínica de la CIF y minimizar el uso de antimicrobianos sistémicos. Animales Treinta y cinco perros de propietarios particulares con signos de furunculosis interdigital en al menos dos patas. Materiales y métodos Este ensayo clínico multicéntrico, prospectivo, simple ciego, al azar y de cuerpo dividido trató a perros con antibióticos sistémicos según el cultivo bacteriano y la sensibilidad. Se seleccionó aleatoriamente una pata por perro mediante el método de lanzamiento de moneda para la aplicación semanal de FLE, mientras que la otra pata sirvió como control. Se evaluó a los perros cada 2 semanas durante 56 días según dos parámetros: una puntuación global de la lesión (incluyendo vesículas hemorrágicas, fístulas con tractos de drenaje, costras y úlceras) y una puntuación de neutrófilos con bacterias fagocitadas (NES, 0‐4). Se evaluaron el tiempo hasta la resolución clínica y las puntuaciones de la lesión, y se compararon entre los grupos. Resultados En los días 28 y 56, el grupo FLE mostró significativamente más patas cicatrizadas (50 % y 88 %, p = 0,021) en comparación con el grupo control (17 % y 54 %, p = 0,008). La mediana del tiempo hasta la resolución clínica fue menor en el grupo FLE (35 días) en comparación con el grupo control (56 días, p = 0,017). No se observaron diferencias en la puntuación NES entre los grupos. Conclusiones y relevancia clínica Este ensayo clínico ciego, al azar y de cuerpo dividido demostró que la FLE es una terapia adyuvante eficaz para la CIF. Reduce el tiempo de resolución clínica y aumenta la tasa de resolución minimizando la necesidad de antibióticos.Résumé Contexte La furonculose interdigitale canine (FID) est une affection inflammatoire complexe et récidivante, généralement compliquée par des infections bactériennes profondes nécessitant une antibiothérapie systémique prolongée. Hypothèse/Objectifs Cette étude à corps séparés, où les chiens ont agi comme leur propre contrôle, a évalué si l'utilisation complémentaire de l'énergie lumineuse fluorescente (ELF) pouvait raccourcir le délai de résolution clinique de la FIC et minimiser l'utilisation d'antimicrobiens systémiques. Animaux trente‐cinq chiens appartenant à des clients et présentant des signes de furonculose interdigitale sur au moins deux pattes. Matériels et méthodes Cet essai clinique multicentrique prospectif, en simple aveugle, randomisé et à corps séparé a traité les chiens avec des antibiotiques systémiques sur la base de la culture et de la sensibilité bactériennes. Une patte par chien a été choisie au hasard à l'aide d'une méthode de pile ou face pour une application hebdomadaire de FLE, tandis que l'autre patte a servi de contrôle. Les chiens ont été évalués toutes les 2 semaines pendant 56 jours sur la base de deux paramètres : un score lésionnel global (comprenant des vésicules hémorragiques, des fistules avec des voies de drainage, des croûtes et des ulcères) et un score d'engloutissement des bactéries par les neutrophiles (NES, 0‐4). Le délai de résolution clinique et les scores des lésions ont été évalués et comparés entre les groupes. Résultats Au jour (J)28 et J56, le groupe FLE présentait significativement plus de pattes guéries (50 % et 88 %, p = 0,021) que le groupe témoin (17 % et 54 %, p = 0,008). Le délai médian de résolution clinique était plus court dans le groupe FLE (35 jours) que dans le groupe témoin (56 jours, p = 0,017). Aucune différence de score NES n'a été observée entre les groupes. Conclusions et pertinence clinique Cet essai clinique en aveugle, randomisé et à corps séparés a démontré que le FLE est un traitement d'appoint efficace pour la FIC. Il réduit le délai de résolution clinique et augmente le taux de résolution tout en minimisant le besoin d'antibiotiques.要約 背景 犬の趾間癤腫症(CIF)は複雑な再発性の炎症性疾患であり、通常、抗生物質の長期投与を必要とする深在性細菌感染を合併する。 仮説/目的 このスプリットボディ研究では、犬自身が対照群となり、蛍光灯エネルギー(FLE)の補助的使用がCIFの臨床的治癒までの時間を短縮し、全身性抗菌薬の使用を最小限に抑えられるかどうかを評価した。 供試動物 少なくとも2肢に趾間癤腫症の徴候がある35頭のオーナー所有犬。 材料と方法 この前向き、単盲検、無作為化、スプリットボディ多施設臨床試験では、細菌培養検査および薬剤感受性試験に基づき、全身性抗菌薬による治療を行った。犬1頭につき片方の前足をコイントス法で無作為に選択し、毎週FLEを投与し、もう片方の前足を対照とした。犬は2週間ごとに56日間にわたり、2つのパラメータについて採点された。すなわちグローバル病変スコア(出血性小水疱、排膿路を伴う瘻孔、痂皮、潰瘍を含む)および好中球貪食細菌スコア(NES、0~4)である。臨床的治癒までの期間および病変スコアを評価し、群間で比較した。 結果 Day(D)28およびD56において、FLE群はコントロール群(17%と54%、p = 0.008)と比較して、治癒した前足が有意に多かった(50%と88%、p = 0.021)。臨床的治癒までの期間の中央値は、FLE群(35日)は対照群(56日、p = 0.017)に比べて短かった。NESスコアに群間差はみられなかった。 結論と臨床的意義 この盲検無作為化分割体臨床試験により、FLEはCIFに対する有効な補助療法であることが実証された。FLEは臨床的治癒までの期間を短縮し、抗生物質の必要性を最小限に抑えながら治癒率を高める。Resumo Contexto A furunculose interdigital canina (FIC) é uma condição inflamatória complexa e recorrente, tipicamente complicada por infecções bacterianas profundas que requerem antibióticos sistêmicos prolongados. Hipótese/Objetivos Este estudo de corpo dividido, onde os cães atuaram como seu próprio controle, avaliou se o uso adjuvante de energia de luz fluorescente (FLE) poderia encurtar o tempo para resolução clínica da FIC e minimizar o uso de antimicrobianos sistêmicos. Animais trinta e cinco cães de propriedade de clientes com sinais de furunculose interdigital em pelo menos duas patas. Materiais e métodos Este ensaio clínico prospectivo, simples‐cego, randomizado e multicêntrico de corpo dividido tratou cães com antibióticos sistêmicos com base na cultura bacteriana e sensibilidade. Uma pata por cão foi selecionada aleatoriamente utilizando um método de cara ou coroa para aplicação semanal de FLE, enquanto a outra pata serviu como controle. Os cães foram pontuados a cada 2 semanas ao longo de 56 dias em dois parâmetros: uma escore global da lesão (incluindo vesículas hemorrágicas, fístulas com tratos drenantes, crostas e úlceras) e escore de neutrófilos fagocitando bactérias (NES, 0–4). O tempo para resolução clínica e os escores das lesões foram avaliados e comparados entre os grupos. Resultados No Dia (D)28 e D56, o grupo FLE apresentou significativamente mais patas curadas (50% e 88%, p = 0,021) em comparação com o controle (17% e 54%, p = 0,008). O tempo médio para resolução clínica foi menor para o grupo FLE (35 dias) em comparação com o grupo controle (56 dias, p = 0,017). Nenhuma diferença na pontuação NES foi observada entre os grupos. Conclusões e relevância clínica Este ensaio clínico cego, randomizado e de corpo dividido demonstrou que o FLE é uma terapia adjuvante eficaz para FIC. Reduz o tempo de resolução clínica e aumenta a taxa de resolução, minimizando a necessidade de antibióticos
Windi App, an R Shiny Tool to Rapidly Assess the Risk of Culicoides Wind Dispersal
No full textInternational audienc
Exploring factors affecting the reintroduction and amplification of West Nile virus in heterogeneous landscapes in Canada, using a cellular automata approach
No full textInternational audienceWest-Nile virus (WNV) is an endemic public health risk in Canada, with outbreaks/reintroduction and amplification that may increase in frequency and size with climate change and urbanization. In this modeling study, we used a compartmentalized and spatialized Susceptible, Exposed, Infected, Recovered (SEIR) WNV transmission model incorporating a cellular automata approach. We tested four scenarios in which we modified the number of infected birds arriving in spring, modified the number of infected mosquitoes emerging from their overwintering/dormancy period, studied the impact of bird abundance on epidemic starting point locations, and examined the progressive shift in mosquito feeding preferences from birds to mammals. First, we observed that WNV amplification may be associated with the arrival of infected migratory birds in the spring, with more severe epidemics as the number of infected birds increases. Secondly, amplification due to the local persistence of WNV virus in surviving infected overwintering female mosquitoes resulted in more severe epidemics in the human population than when amplification was due to the arrival of infected birds. Thirdly, epidemics were more severe when initiated in cells with low bird density than in those with high density. Lastly, the shift in mosquito feeding preference to human blood meals at the end of summer could generate more cases in human populations if reservoir birds delay their migration and stay longer, amplifying the virus locally. A field study is needed to quantify the impact of these mechanisms on WNV reintroduction in southeastern Canada, to better design interventions and early warning systems
Effect of encapsulated olive leaf extract on the physicochemical, rheological and antioxidant properties of Cantal-type cheese
No full textInternational audienceThis research evaluated how encapsulated olive leaf extract (E-OLE) influences the quality characteristics of Cantal-type cheese during 63 days of refrigerated storage at 2 degrees C. Cheeses were enriched with varying levels (1.0 %, 2.0 %, and 3.0 % w/w) of either free (OLE) or encapsulated (E-OLE) olive leaf extract. Multiple quality parameters were systematically assessed, including composition, physicochemical properties, antioxidant capacity, textural profile, microbial counts, rheological behaviour, and colour. The results indicated that E-OLE supplementation led to significant modifications in cheese composition. Protein content and dry matter increased proportionally with extract concentration, whereas fat content and chloride levels showed an inverse relationship. Both OLE and E-OLE demonstrated strong antioxidant effects, as measured by enhanced total phenolic content and improved ABTS radical scavenging capacity. Microbiological analysis revealed reduced total aerobic mesophilic counts in treated samples. Textural evaluation showed that E-OLE incorporation resulted in firmer, more cohesive cheeses with reduced elasticity. Colour measurements indicated a progressive darkening (decreased L* value) accompanied by increased red (a*) and yellow (b*) colour intensity. Viscoelastic assessment demonstrated temperaturedependent changes, with notable modifications in storage and loss moduli. The study concludes that E-OLE enrichment, particularly at the 3 % concentration, effectively enhances the functional properties of Cantal-type cheese while maintaining acceptable quality standards. These findings position E-OLE as a valuable natural additive for improving both the nutritional profile and shelf stability of cheese products
Development and characterization of edible film containing keratin nanocarriers loaded with N. nucifera seedpod extract
No full textInternational audienceEdible films prepared from organic macromolecules have evolved as sustainable and biodegradable alternatives to standard petroleum-based packaging. The present study aimed to develop a novel carrageenan-based bioactive film using keratin nanocarriers loaded with N. nucifera seedpod extract (KNP-Ex). An ultrasonication-based method was used to prepare the nanocarriers using the keratin derived from goat hairs and the extract from N. nucifera seedpod extract, a waste-to-wealth concept. The films containing keratin nanocarriers (KNP) and extract-loaded keratin nanocarriers (KNP-Ex) were compared with the control films without any nanocarriers. The films were characterized for various physicochemical (such as SDS-PAGE, LC/MS, SEM, TEM, FTIR, and TGA analysis), physicomechanical (thickness, tensile strength, surface analysis, biodegradability, transparency, and solubility) and bioactive properties [antioxidant (DPPH-radical scavenging assay) and antimicrobial (disk diffusion assay)]. The results of our study indicate the potential of keratin nanocarriers as payloads to infuse bioactive properties and modify the mechanical and functional characteristics of the film. This film can provide fundamental protective functions and can be applied to improve the storage quality of foods
Scrub typhus in Nan province (Thailand): seventeen years of data to understand the impact of land cover change
No full textNational audienceScrub typhus, caused by Orientia tsutsugamushi and transmitted by chigger mites (Leptotrombidium), is a major health problem in northern Thailand, particularly in Nan province. This study investigated the impact of land cover changes on scrub typhus transmission in Nan Province between 2003 and 2019. Using the open land cover data of the European Spatial Agency Climate Change Initiative (ESA CCI), we quantified land cover composition and changes and integrated public health data on scrub typhus cases, as well as information on elevation, population, and slope. Generalized Additive Models were applied to assess the effects of land cover changes on annual scrub typhus cases. Cases increased with shrubland and mosaic land, displayed an inverted U-shaped relationship with broadleaf forest, and decreased with needleleaf forest. Key land cover change factors included shrubland transitions, stable rainfed cropland, cropland to urban shifts. Reforestation (from shrubland to broadleaf forest) showed an inverted U-shaped relationship with cases, while loss of shrubland to grassland and loss of cropland to urban decreased the number of scrub typhus cases. This study highlights the importance of land cover changes in understanding disease transmission and suggests that landscapes disturbance may create optimal conditions for O. tsutsugamushi transmission