Portail des publications scientifiques de VetAgro Sup
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The Significance of Industry 4.0 Technologies in Enhancing Various Unit Operations Applied in the Food Sector: Focus on Food Drying
No full textInternational audienceFood unit operations refer to the engineering processes involved in transforming raw materials into desirable food products, taking into account the main laws and principles that govern the physical, chemical, and biochemical changes related to these processes. Drying is one of the most common unit operations used in the food sector to reduce food water content, thereby extending shelf-life, reducing weight and volume, and decreasing inventory and transportation costs. Traditionally, food materials are dried using conventional methods, such as natural solar drying and hot air drying. However, recent years have witnessed the introduction of several emerging technologies (e.g., infrared drying, microwave drying, and freeze drying) that have promising potential to overcome challenges, such as uneven drying, poor sensory properties and nutrient loss, and large energy consumption. More interestingly, recent developments and advancements in digital, physical, and biological technologies, spurred by the Fourth Industrial Revolution (Industry 4.0), have significantly impacted various food manufacturing operations, including food drying. Growing evidence shows that diverse Industry 4.0 technologies (notably artificial intelligence, the Internet of Things, smart sensors, digital twins, and big data) can be harnessed to improve the modelling, monitoring, prediction, and optimization of various parameters in food drying. These technological advancements are not only accelerating the pace of innovation but also enhancing process efficiency and overall performance in intelligent food drying, ushering in the era of "Food Drying 4.0.
Conduite à tenir face à un épanchement pleural
No full textNational audienceUn épanchement pleural est facilement détectable par une technique échographique Point Of Care UltraSound et doit être pris en charge immédiatement
Évaluation de l'exposition de la population aux applications de pesticides à l'aide d'une carte à haute résolution de l'intensité de l'utilisation des pesticides en France métropolitaine
No full textAbstract While there is a lively debate about the potential harmful effects of pesticide use, the multiplication of data sources offers new ways of assessing these effects. To facilitate future studies, this article sets out a method for obtaining a map of pesticide use intensity for mainland France, taking into account the effect of each plot. To do so, a number of pesticide treatments was assigned to each plot based on statistical data concerning the average number of treatments per crop and per region. The final result is a raster with a resolution of 100m, which takes into account the average of treatments for the years 2019, 2020 and 2021. A first application conducted in this study showed that 25% of the French population was exposed to at least 1 pesticide treatment per year in their place of residence (5% exposed to at least 10 treatments per year). There were marked differences in exposure between regions, with particularly high exposure in the west and north of France, for example. The map of pesticide use intensity in France produced in this study is freely accessible for future studies
Quantitative and Qualitative Evaluation of Microplastic Contamination of Shrimp Using Visible Near-Infrared Multispectral Imaging Technology Combined with Supervised Self-Organizing Map
No full textInternational audienceMicroplastic (MP) contamination is a growing environmental concern with significant impacts on ecosystems, the economy, and potentially human health. However, accurately detecting and characterizing MPs in biological samples remains a challenge due to the complexity of biological matrices and analytical limitations. This study presents a novel, non-destructive visible near-infrared multispectral imaging (Vis-NIR-MSI) method combined with a supervised self-organizing map (SOM) to enable rapid qualitative and quantitative analysis of MPs in seafood. We specifically aimed to identify and differentiate four types of microplastics, namely PET, PE, PP, and PS, in the range 1–4 mm, present on the surface of minced shrimp and shrimp shell. For quantification, MPs were incorporated into minced shrimp surface at concentrations ranging from 0.04% to 1% w/w. The modified model achieved a high coefficient of determination (R2 > 0.99) for PE and PP quantification. Unlike conventional techniques, this approach eliminates the need for pre-sorting or chemical processing, offering a cost-effective and efficient solution for large-scale monitoring of MPs in seafood, with potential applications in food safety and environmental protection
Thematic factsheet - Quality of care in ruminant and equine farming
No full textThis thematic factsheet summarises knowledge on the quality of care in ruminant and equine farming. It provides information on the effect of quality of care on animal welfare, along with recommendations for achieving good quality of care
Une « géographie des transitions territoriales ? Actualités et perspectives d’un champ en construction ». Table ronde
No full textInternational audienceL’approche territoriale des transitions socio-écologiques a suscité un véritable engouement ces dix dernières années, dans les sphères académique et opérationnel. L’espoir était de voir les territoires locaux et régionaux –acteurs, ressources, proximités et héritages – être des leviers de transition (Bouisset et Vaucelle, 2020) et un terreau fertile pour répondre aux crises multiples, écologiques, sociales et démocratiques. La promesse était de voir émerger une communauté de recherche francophone (Debizet et al., 2024), capable d’éclairer et d’accompagner ce foisonnement d’innovations sociales et d’initiatives territoriales. Les conditions semblaient réunies pour voir émerger une géographie des transitions territoriales apte à penser les freins et leviers d’une transformation systémique et radicale de nos rapports à la nature, de nos modes d’habiter, de consommation et de production à l’échelle des territoires (Gonin, 2021). Mais, en dépit de nombreuses enquêtes et contributions éditoriales (Debizet et al., 2024 ; Van Neste et al., 2024, Banos et al., 2024), la géographie des transitions territoriales reste fragmentée. Se heurtant à la polysémie du concept de territoire et peinant à s’entendre sur les définitions et les horizons de la transition (adaptative vs transformative, écologique vs socio-écologique), elle avance en ordre dispersé. Ces hésitations apparaissent d’autant plus dommageable que parallèlement, les vents contraires se lèvent au-dessus des fragiles initiatives territoriales : recul des politiques environnementales, essor du backlash politique et écologique, appels à la souveraineté et à la croissance verte, montée des populismes et contre-mouvements réactionnaires, … Alors que les inégalités sociales s’accentuent et les effets de la crise écologique s’amplifient, que peuvent et doivent faire les géographes ? Faut-il « réarmer » nos manières de penser et développer une approche critique des transitions (Banos, 2025) ; valoriser et outiller la capacité des innovations sociales à transformer les territoires, au risque de perdre en force critique (Koop, 2021 ; Lapostolle, 2021 ; Valette, 2024) ou encore essayer de « réanimer les énergies »(Labussière, 2024) par la recherche-création ? Ces approches, méthodes et concepts peuvent-ils être articulés pour constituer deux faces d’une même géographie des transitions territoriales, plus réaliste et offensive ? Pour contribuer à ce débat, nous proposons une table ronde, réunissant trois géographes ayant récemment formulé différentes propositions théoriques, conceptuelles et méthodologiques faisant écho aux approches territoriales des transitions : Vincent Banos, Kirsten Koop et Elodie Valette, La table ronde comprendra trois séquences. Les intervenant.es présenteront d’abord leurs propositions, détaillant leurs inspirations théoriques, choix d’objets et d’approches, manières de mobiliser « le territoire », postures et pratiques de recherche. Puis, un temps d’échange visera à faire émerger les synergies, complémentarités et différences de positionnement épistémologique ; concernant en particulier : (1) les parts d’emprunts, d’oublis et de réinventions des différentes visions de la transition ; (2) les avancées, limites et angles morts des approches territoriales (et outils opérationnels) au regard des enjeux écologiques et de justice ; (3) la responsabilité des chercheurs et leur pouvoir d’agir dans la transformation sociale ; ainsi que la capacité du langage territorial à passer d’une géographie détachée mais « conseillère des princes » à une géographie engagée, source d’émancipation. Enfin, nous discuterons des perspectives à creuser pour construire et consolider une géographie des transitions territoriales
Developing adverse outcome pathways to support radioecological risk assessment: challenges and insights
No full textInternational audienceEnvironmental pollution associated with long-term effects, especially in the case of ionizing radiation, poses significant risks to wildlife, necessitating a more nuanced approach to Ecological Risk Assessment (ERA). In radioecology, current methods, as outlined by the International Commission on Radiological Protection, focus primarily on exposure and individual/population-level effects, often both suffering a lack of ecological realism due to the nature of the data used and sidelining a large amount of critical nonindividual effects such as sub-individual ones like genotoxicity. This review aims to address these gaps by suggesting the integration of New Approach Methods (NAMs) and the Adverse Outcome Pathway (AOP) framework in the field of radioecology. New Approach Methods encompass innovative techniques, such as in silico and in vitro methodologies, that can provide predictive insights without relying solely on traditional animal testing. The AOP framework, developed by the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, structures effects data into a sequence of causally linked events, enabling a clearer understanding of how molecular changes lead to adverse ecological outcomes. In the first section of the review, we explore the challenges of applying AOPs within radioecology, including the complexities of modeling realistic exposure scenarios, the temporal dynamics of effects, and the impacts of multiple stressors. The second section highlights the potential and the application of some NAMs within an AOP framework to contribute improving risk assessment methodologies (in the species realism issue and the use of sub-individual data). This part also offers other potential solutions to increase the number of data to be used in ERA as well as their ecological realism, through the use of AOP frameworks with relevant biological scales and ecological endpoints still uninvestigated in such a way. In conclusion, leveraging NAMs and AOPs is very valuable for bridging molecular data and ecological implications, thereby advancing regulatory practices in radioecology and ensuring more comprehensive protection of ecosystems from radiological hazards
Evaluation du système de surveillance du virus West Nile en Guadeloupe à l'aide de la méthode Oasis
No full textSource Agritrop Cirad (https://agritrop.cirad.fr/615839/) * Autres projets (id;sigle;titre): 101059483;BCOMING;(EU) Biodiversity Conservation to Mitigate the risks of emerging infectious diseases//International audienceIntroduction – Epidemiological surveillance of the West Nile virus (WN) – vector-borne zoonosis – in Guadeloupe was established after its initial detection in 2002, with the aim of providing early warning and implementing adapted control measures. For years, it operated through a sectoral organization, encompassing animal, human and entomological components. Since 2020, stakeholders have adopted a more collaborative and transdisciplinary integrated strategy, aimed at improving the functionality and performance of the surveillance system, and recommended its regular evaluation. Method – In 2023, the WN virus surveillance system in Guadeloupe was evaluated using the OASIS method (Health Information Systems Analysis Tool) to reshape the system with its stakeholders. Semi-structured interviews were conducted in Guadeloupe and at the national level. A collective scoring session was organized, and the results and recommendations were shared with all participants. Finally, they were discussed during a workshop to collectively define an action plan. Results – The main strengths of the system (diagnostic laboratories, surveillance tools, stability) and main weaknesses (coordination, information sharing, specificity) were identified and used to formulate and prioritize four recommendations: (i) draft a new interministerial WN virus surveillance guide, (ii) establish a steering and coordination structure for the surveillance system in Guadeloupe, (iii) intensify awareness among field actors, and (iv) create an annual epidemiological bulletin. Conclusion – The implementation of the recommendations, scheduled for 2024, is being monitored by the surveillance stakeholders. This work has strengthened the links between stakeholders and could be inspiring for the surveillance of other vector-borne or zoonotic diseases of interest, such as leptospirosis.Introduction – La surveillance du virus West Nile (WN) – zoonose vectorielle – en Guadeloupe a été mise en place après la première détection du virus en 2002 dans le but d'assurer une alerte précoce et de mettre en place rapidement des mesures de gestion adaptées. Pendant des années, elle s'est organisée de façon sectorielle avec des volets de surveillance humaine, animale et entomologique. Depuis 2020, les acteurs de ces volets ont développé une stratégie intégrée plus collaborative et transdisciplinaire, visant à améliorer le fonctionnement et la performance du dispositif, et ont recommandé de l'évaluer régulièrement. Méthode – En 2023, le système de surveillance du virus WN en Guadeloupe a été évalué avec la méthode Oasis (Outil d'analyse des systèmes d'information en santé) afin de repenser le dispositif avec ses acteurs. Des entretiens semi-directifs ont été menés en Guadeloupe et au niveau national. Une séance de notation collective a été organisée ; les résultats et les recommandations ont été transmis à l'ensemble des participants. Ils ont enfin été discutés lors d'un atelier pour définir collectivement un plan d'action. Résultats – Les principaux points forts du système (laboratoires de diagnostic, outils de surveillance, stabilité) et ses points faibles (animation, partage d'informations, spécificité) ont servi à formuler et hiérarchiser quatre recommandations : (i) éditer un nouveau guide interministériel de surveillance du virus WN, (ii) établir une structure de pilotage et d'animation du dispositif de surveillance en Guadeloupe, (iii) intensifier la sensibilisation des acteurs de terrain et (iv) créer un bulletin épidémiologique annuel. Conclusion – La mise en oeuvre des recommandations prévue dès 2024 est suivie par les acteurs de la surveillance. Ce travail a permis de redynamiser le réseau et les liens entre les acteurs et pourrait être inspirant pour la surveillance d'autres maladies vectorielles ou zoonotiques d'intérêt comme la leptospirose
Intranasally administrated fusion-inhibitory lipopeptides block SARS-CoV-2 infection in mice and enable long-term protective immunity
No full textInternational audienceWe have assessed antiviral activity and induction of protective immunity of fusion-inhibitory lipopeptides derived from the C-terminal heptad-repeat domain of SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoprotein in transgenic mice expressing human ACE2 (K18-hACE2). The lipopeptides block SARS-CoV-2 infection in cell lines and lung-derived organotypic cultures. Intranasal administration in mice allows the maintenance of homeostatic transcriptomic immune profile in lungs, prevents body-weight loss, decreases viral load and shedding, and protects mice from death caused by SARS-CoV-2 variants. Prolonged administration of high-dose lipopeptides has neither adverse effects nor impairs peptide efficacy in subsequent SARS-CoV-2 challenges. The peptide-protected mice develop cross-reactive neutralizing antibodies against both SARS-CoV-2 used for the initial infection and recently circulating variants, and are completely protected from a second lethal infection, suggesting that they developed SARS-CoV-2-specific immunity. This strategy provides an additional antiviral approach in the global effort against COVID-19 and may contribute to development of rapid responses against emerging pathogenic viruses