Portail des publications scientifiques de VetAgro Sup
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FUTURE-AI: international consensus guideline for trustworthy and deployable artificial intelligence in healthcare
No full textInternational audienceThis paper describes the FUTURE-AI framework, which provides guidance for the development and deployment of trustworthy AI tools in healthcare. The FUTURE-AI Consortium was founded in 2021 and comprises 117 interdisciplinary experts from 50 countries representing all continents, including AI scientists, clinical researchers, biomedical ethicists, and social scientists. Over a two year period, the FUTURE-AI guideline was established through consensus based on six guiding principles-fairness, universality, traceability, usability, robustness, and explainability. To operationalise trustworthy AI in healthcare, a set of 30 best practices were defined, addressing technical, clinical, socioethical, and legal dimensions. The recommendations cover the entire lifecycle of healthcare AI, from design, development, and validation to regulation, deployment, and monitoring. data interactions have been increasingly used to develop computer aided models, for example, disease diagnosis, prognosis, prediction of therapy response or survival, and patient stratification. 1 Despite major advances, the deployment and adoption of AI technologies remain limited in real world clinical practice. In recent years, concerns have been raised about the technical, clinical, ethical, and societal risks associated with healthcare AI. 2 3 In particular, existing research has shown that AI tools in healthcare can be prone to errors and patient harm, biases and increased health inequalities, lack of transparency and accountability, as well as data privacy and security breaches. 4-8 To increase adoption in the real world, it is essential that AI tools are trusted and accepted by patients, clinicians, health organisations, and authorities. However, there is an absence of clear, widely accepted guidelines on how healthcare AI tools should be designed, developed, evaluated, and deployed to be trustworthy-that is, technically robust, clinically safe, SUMMARY POINTS Despite major advances in medical artificial intelligence (AI) research, clinical adoption of emerging AI solutions remains challenging owing to limited trust and ethical concerns The FUTURE-AI Consortium unites 117 experts from 50 countries to define international guidelines for trustworthy healthcare AI The FUTURE-AI framework is structured around six guiding principles: fairness, universality, traceability, usability, robustness, and explainability. The guideline addresses the entire AI lifecycle, from design and development to validation and deployment, ensuring alignment with real world needs and ethical requirements. The framework includes 30 detailed recommendations for building trustworthy and deployable AI systems, emphasising multistakeholder collaboration Continuous risk assessment and mitigation are fundamental, addressing biases, data variations, and evolving challenges during the AI lifecycle FUTURE-AI is designed as a dynamic framework, which will evolve with technological advancements and stakeholder feedbac
Chronic Carriage of Leptospira interrogans Genotype Associated With the Australis Serogroup by Naturally‐Infected Hedgehogs ( Erinaceus europaeus ) at a Wildlife Health Centre in Northwestern France
No full textInternational audienceBackground Leptospirosis is a widespread zoonosis caused by bacteria in the genus Leptospira. Basic epidemiological information is crucial to mitigating disease risk but is lacking for leptospirosis; notably, the hosts responsible for maintaining Leptospira remain largely unknown. Frequently observed near human habitations, hedgehogs (Erinaceus europaeus) are taken to wildlife rescue centres when found sick or injured. Thus, they may pose a risk to human and animal health if they carry pathogenic Leptospira . Aims This study aimed to describe Leptospira carriage in a hedgehog population and the potential clinical impacts of the infection. Material and Method We investigated Leptospira carriage frequency and diversity in urine samples from 69 hedgehogs at a wildlife rescue centre, between April and June 2022. We used quantitative PCR, typing of the 16S rRNA and lfb1 genes, variable number tandem repeat and multispacer sequence typing to characterise Leptospira DNA. An analysis of urinary biochemical parameters was conducted to assess renal function. Results We detected Leptospira DNA in 25 (35%) of the urine samples, of which 21 were successfully typed. The latter analysis revealed a limited degree of genetic diversity. L. interrogan s ( n = 19) predominated, and the only genotype detected was related to the Australis serogroup ( n = 17). We also noted the presence of L. borgpetersenii ( n = 1) and L. kirschneri ( n = 1). There was no relationship between infection status and urinalysis parameters. Conclusion These results suggest hedgehogs may act as long‐term shedders of Leptospira in natural ecosystems
Scaling up mechanisms in citizen farming initiatives: Lessons learned from a citizen-led and collective agroecological farm in France
No full textInternational audienceCitizen initiatives are gaining prominence as they clearly articulate core social values and contribute to localized agri-food transitions. However, stakeholders within these initiatives may encounter challenges when attempting to engage in rescaling processes. This raises questions regarding the implementation mechanisms: How can citizen-led agricultural and food initiatives successfully scale up, and what mechanisms and prerequisites are necessary to achieve this? To address these questions, we employ a temporal approach that integrates three analytical dimensions: meaning, governance, and space. This approach is applied to a case study of a citizen-led experiment that establishes a collective farm promoting agroecology across approximately 100 ha near Clermont-Ferrand in central France. The methodology relies on primary data obtained through participatory workshops, where participants co-constructed a chronicle of the project. The analysis results are presented as a narrative, highlighting four temporal sequences characterized by different articulations and modalities between meaning, governance, and space. By examining this unique initiative involving citizen participation in agriculture and food, we shed light on the process of collective action and the far-reaching effects of experiments that serve as alternatives to productivist agri-food models while redefining approaches to policymaking and economic practices. Through this lens, we demonstrate the project's deep-rooted connection to a complex environment, addressing the challenges faced in agri-food transition within a specific territory. © 2025 Elsevier Lt
Influence of olive leaf extract on the physicochemical properties of yogurts made from cow, sheep, and goat milk
No full textInternational audienceThis study compares the effect of OLE (olive leaf extract) on cow's, sheep's and goat's milk yogurts, in order to better understand its impact according to the type of milk used. The aim is to examine how OLE, as a source of bioactive compounds, influences yogurt properties such as antioxidant activity, and physicochemical characteristics (colour, texture, and viscosity). Each milk was enriched with OLE at 0.5%, 1%, 1.5% and 2% (w/v). The results showed a decrease in pH and an increase in acidity during storage, with no significant buffering effect of OLE for the three milk. OLE-enriched yogurts had a higher total phenol content and antioxidant activity, which increase significantly with OLE concentration. Moreover, the water-holding capacity (WHC) of the yogurts showed a tendency to increase slightly over the storage period of 14 days for cow's and sheep's milk yogurts but decreased slightly for goat's milk yogurt. Sheep's milk yogurts had the highest WHC, followed by goat's and cow's milk yogurts, indicating a better structural stability. OLE reduced brightness (L*) and increased redness (a*) and yellowness (b*) for the three milks. The texture profile showed that increasing OLE concentration increased the firmness of the cow's milk yogurts, whereas the firmness of the sheep's milk yogurts decreased with storage time and OLE concentration. For goat's milk yogurt, firmness remained stable until day 7 but declined by day 14. Consequently, these results demonstrated the potential of OLE as a functional ingredient to enhance the nutritional profile and health benefits of yogurt, in particular through its antioxidant properties
Validation of qualitative behaviour assessment for dairy cows at pasture
No full textInternational audienceQualitative Behaviour Assessment (QBA) has been validated as a measure of emotional state in dairy cows kept indoors. We investigated the validity of QBA as a measure of emotional state of cows at pasture. We focused on intra- and inter-observer reliability and the selectivity of QBA. First, 5 observers watched 20 videos of dairy cows at pasture 4 times (resulting in 400 observations). The observers performed QBA using the fixed list of 20 terms proposed in Welfare Quality. The first axis of the principal component analysis performed on these observations represented emotional valence (PC1, from irritable to content) and a second axis represented arousal (PC2, from calm to active). Kendall's concordance coefficients (W) and intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) within and between observers were calculated for PC1 and PC2. Intra-observer reliability was mainly high (KW > 0.75 and ICC > 0.75), except for 3 observers during the first session for PC1, for whom reliability was moderate. Inter- observer reliability was low to moderate for PC1 and moderate to high for PC2. Second, two observers performed live QBA on a herd of cows at pasture during 3 contexts designed to induce different emotional valences and arousal levels: AM , in the morning after milking (when cows are active); PM , in the afternoon before milking (when cows are mainly resting); and during handling to collect cows at pasture for afternoon milking (when cows may be stressed). The effect of context on PC1 and PC2 was investigated using linear mixed effects models. AM and PM contexts had higher scores on PC1 than handling context, indicating a more positive emotional state during AM and PM than during handling. PM context had lower scores on PC2 than AM and handling contexts. Thus, QBA at pasture was able to discriminate between contexts that should differ in emotional valence and arousal. Thirdly, an observer assessed the behavioural responses of cows to handling by direct observations followed by QBA. Pearson correlation coefficients were calculated between the number of behavioural responses and the coordinates on PC1 and PC2. The more cows were observed trotting, the more the cow's mood was perceived as negative (r =-0.71) and the more cows were observed galloping and turning, the more the cow was perceived as excited (r = 0.77 and 0.60). In conclusion, the QBA appears to be a valid measure of the emotional and arousal state of dairy cows at pasture, but inter-observer reliability could be improved
Recent Developments Towards Sustainable Solutions in Electrospun Active Packaging Systems for Various Foods
No full textInternational audienceMicrobial spoilage and oxidation are significant causes of food deterioration, contributing to food waste of up to 30%. To mitigate these losses, active food packaging is an effective solution. Considering the excellent properties of nanofibers produced by electrospinning, integrating active food packaging functionality with nanofiber technology offers an ideal approach enhancing preservation. This review provides a comprehensive overview of recent advancements in the field, covering nature of active ingredients, consumer‐driven rationale for adopting active packaging, advantages and disadvantages of electrospinning compared to other packaging production methods, types of polymers suitable for use, potential areas of application, and relevant regulatory frameworks. Active packaging, particularly through electrospinning, offers unique benefits, such as a high surface‐to‐volume ratio, controlled release of active agents, and improved encapsulation efficiency compared to conventional packaging methods such as extrusion and dip‐coating, which are examined in this study. Both natural and synthetic polymers, as well as their combinations, offer a wide range of applications, allowing for the incorporation of essential oils, phenolic compounds, and active nanoparticles to extend the shelf life of various food products. Following regulatory authorities, both EFSA and FDA have guidelines for the use of nanomaterials in food packaging. However, a major challenge to the industrial adoption of electrospinning is its low production capacity and the limited availability of commercially viable packaging solutions. Undoubtedly, electrospinning is expected to become the preferred method for producing food packaging in the future. Educating consumers and providing clear labeling can help overcome potential biases against active packaging. Most importantly, this transition could play a crucial role in reducing food waste
Les outils numériques au service des systèmes ovins pâturants : un parc d'outils construit à la carte, des éleveurs aux avis variés
No full textInternational audienc
Molecular detection of antimicrobial resistance in livestock mycoplasmas: Current status and future prospects
No full textSource Agritrop Cirad (https://agritrop.cirad.fr/616250/) * Autres projets (id;sigle;titre): ;EcoAntibio 2;(FRA) Réduire l'utilisaiton des antibiotiques vétérinaires// * Collectivites auteurs : MyMIC Consortium//International audiencePathogenic Mycoplasma species significantly impact livestock health, causing respiratory, articular, mammary gland, and reproductive disorders with substantial economic losses. Antimicrobials remain essential for controlling clinical signs and production losses; however, treatment efficacy is increasingly threatened by antimicrobial resistance (AMR). Phenotypic methods remain the most reliable approach for detecting AMR in Mycoplasma species; however, they are time-consuming, technically demanding, and results are often difficult to interpret. The absence of clinical breakpoints and limited epidemiological cut-off values (ECOFFs) further complicate AMR categorization. Advances in molecular techniques offer a promising alternative for faster AMR detection and prediction. This review summarizes current knowledge of genetic mechanisms underlying AMR in clinically important Mycoplasma species affecting ruminants, swine, and poultry. It highlights the role of molecular assays in identifying resistance-associated mutations. Additionally, a SWOT (Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, Threats) analysis evaluates these methods' practical applications and limitations in veterinary mycoplasmas. Finally, the potential of genome-wide association studies (GWAS) is explored as an emerging tool for linking genetic traits to phenotypic resistance patterns, offering new insights for enhancing resistance prediction in veterinary medicine