Portail des publications scientifiques de VetAgro Sup
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Indicator factsheet - Thermal comfort in ruminants and equines
No full textThis indicator factsheet provides key factors for the appropriate management of ruminants and equines in relation to thermal conditions, and provides recommendations for inspection
Ionomic exploration of the geographical and geological origins of mountain pasture cow milks in the French Massif central
No full textInternational audienceIonomic profiling was used to characterize the multielemental composition of raw cow milk during mountain pasture in the French Massif central, and to assess its potential as an indicator of geographical and geological origin. Eighteen milk samples were analyzed by ICP-MS from farms in three mountain sectors (Sancy, Cantal, Other), located on volcanic and non-volcanic sites. Of the 61 analyzed elements, 32 were consistently quantified, several of them (Pd, Zr and Nb) being reported for the first time in milk. Multivariate statistical analyses permitted to differentiate geographical provenances and geological conditions based on specific sets of elements. Pearson correlations analyses revealed geology-driven soil-to-milk transfer processes, exemplified by the element pairs -(Rb,Te) and (Sr,Pd), underscoring the influence of terroir on milk composition. Further research should focus on the soil-plant-milk continuum to better understand these geochemical pathways and to support the concept of milk terroir for the PDO cheese sector
Multiple risk analysis at the interface between pastoral livestock systems and wildlife
No full textInternational audiencePastoral systems operate within constrained ecosystems where livestock, wildlife, and human activities coexist. This coexistence, increasingly intensified by global environmental and socio-economic changes generates multiple, complex, and still insufficiently integrated risks. Understanding these dynamics is essential to ensuring the long-term sustainability of pastoral territories. This article aims to characterize the main risks affecting pastoral livestock systems at the interface with wildlife through a large diversity of conditions. Thus, we conducted a systematic literature search and screening process, analyzing a wide range of cases based on a corpus of 6,078 scientific publications identified through eight targeted search equations. This method is therefore structured around (i) conducting an initial quantitative, temporal, and thematic analysis to provide an overview of the research landscape, (ii) examining research themes and publications to identify dominant risk areas and their interconnections, and (iii) performing an in-depth analysis of the selected case studies in order to provide more detailed description of each identified risk. From this investigation, we developed a risk analysis framework structured around three broad categories: (1) biological and ecological risks (zoonoses, parasitic diseases, predation, and competition); (2) socio-economic risks (financial losses, conflicts, and psychosocial impacts); and (3) amplifying systemic risks (climate change, societal transformations, and habitat loss and fragmentation). This study highlights risks that are multiple, interwoven and deeply embedded within complex socio-ecological systems. It shows that risk should be understood as an interdisciplinary concept, allowing us to move beyond sectoral perspectives and to reveal the multidimensional nature of the interface between wildlife and pastoral livestock systems, where ecological, health, economic, and social processes interact. While wildlife can represent a source of risk for agropastoral activities, the latter are also sometimes considered as generating risks and gradually rendered illegitimate in certain territories, thereby fueling tensions around conservation objectives and territorial management practices. Moreover, the deterioration of human–nature relationships emerges as a latent risk that shapes the dynamics of both conflict and cooperation. In this perspective, the findings invite us to rethink risk management through an integrated and inclusive approach, grounded in cooperation across disciplines, institutions, and knowledge systems. Finally, this article calls for a reevaluation of the conditions for a sustainable coexistence between livestock and wildlife, understood as management practices and land-use strategies that support wildlife conservation while enhancing the resilience of pastoral systems, and advocates for a systemic and place-based approach to risk analysis in the face of global changes
Evaluation of lung VEGF-A transduction during hyperoxia-induced injury in rats
No full textBackground: Since Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) is a main factor for endothelial survival, we evaluated whether VEGF transduction could ameliorate hyperoxiainduced injury, which is associated with predominant endothelial injury. Methods and Results: Transduction (induced 48 hours before hyperoxic exposure) using adenoviral vector (Ad.) for VEGF (10 10 viral particles [VP]) increased moderately survival under hyperoxia (fraction of inspired oxygen [FIO 2 ] >95%) as compared with Ad.Null (10 10 VP) transduction, whereas VEGF transduction with a lower dose (5.10 9 VP) had no effect. After 48 hours of hyperoxia, Ad.VEGF transduction increased lung VEGF concentration, prevented the diffuse loss of capillary bed and induced patchy areas of endothelial cell proliferation (CD31 immunostaining) with interstitial inflammatory cell recruitment as compared to Ad. Null transduction. Hyperoxia was associated with diffuse apoptosis that was inhibited only in patchy areas of endothelial proliferation under VEGF transduction.Hyperoxia-induced alveolar inflammation was similar with Ad.Null and Ad.VEGF. Under normoxia, the high dose of VEGF transduction induced diffuse alveolar inflammation whereas the low dose did not suggesting a pro-inflammatory effect of VEGF that may have participated to increased survival under hyperoxia. Conclusions:We demonstrate that lung VEGF-A transduction despite inhibition of the loss of capillary bed has a marginal effect of on animal survival during hyperoxia-induced injury..</div
Selective culling and the potential persistence of lumpy skin disease in cattle herds: insights from a mechanistic transmission model
No full textInternational audienceThe first epidemic of lumpy skin disease (LSD) in France started in June 2025, with a total of 117 outbreaks recorded. This vector-borne disease affecting cattle is highly contagious, and prompted the implementation of strict control measures, including total depopulation of affected herds, resulting in the culling of more than 3,500 cattle. During the epidemic, total depopulation measures became increasingly unacceptable to cattle farmers, as they were perceived as unnecessary, leading to major protests. We use mathematical models to compare within-herd transmission dynamics under a selective culling strategy versus total depopulationIn this work, we propose a compartmental model of within-herd transmission, accounting for both cattle and vector populations. A test-and-cull strategy is implemented, relying on imperfect diagnostic tests capable of detecting infection in asymptomatic cattle, and different levels of test sensitivity and detection earliness are investigated. Alongside the test-and-cull strategy, a vector control strategy is implemented considering different levels of effectiveness in reducing the vector population.Our model shows that a selective culling strategy still results in 75% [26, 100] of the herd becoming infected, even in the best-case-scenario with highly efficient diagnostic tests and vector control. Given currently available tests, considered to have a sensitivity of 30% for subclinical animals within 2-3 days prior to their infectiousness onset, the predicted persistence is 60 days [34, 95], with 94% of the herd [44, 100] eventually becoming infected, representing only a marginal advantage compared with a total depopulation strategy. These metrics further deteriorate when the efficacy of insecticide products decreases
Pharmacokinetics Study and Modelling of Amoxicillin After Intramuscular Administration in Veal Calves Suffering From Omphalitis
No full textInternational audienceABSTRACT The objective of this study was to estimate plasma pharmacokinetic parameters for amoxicillin (AMX) in calves ( n = 7) suffering from omphalitis after a single intramuscular (IM) administration of 8.75 mg/kg of amoxicillin and clavulanic acid (AMC) (7 mg/kg of AMX and 1.75 mg/kg of clavulanic acid). Plasma samples were collected over 6 h. AMX concentrations were measured via liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS). A non‐compartmental analysis was first used to determine pharmacokinetic parameters; then a population pharmacokinetic and a Monte Carlo simulation were performed on a hypothetical herd of 1000 calves. After a single IM administration, we observed a correlation between Cl and V d and a high variability of PK parameters among individuals. Maximum plasma concentration was between 1.22 and 5.99 μg/mL and T max was between 0.75 and 2 h. The plasma concentration values of AMX fit to a one‐compartment model with linear elimination and administration by extravascular route with a zero‐order process (duration Tk0) with a lag time (Tlag). Results showed that the plasma concentration never reached 4 mg/L, which is the breakpoint of AMX‐susceptible Escherichia coli or Pasteurella spp. isolates, even after simulation of repeated administration
Combining wheat with multi-species prairie strips reduces the development of Septoria tritici blotch
No full textInternational audienceCrop diversification, notably through intercropping, is known for regulating disease development in agroecosystems. However, intercropping usually involves two or three species, limiting its potential to enhance ecosystem multifunctionality. This study investigates the impact of “agroprairies”, a cropping system design consisting of alternating narrow strips of wheat and multispecies prairies (∼12 species), on the development of Zymoseptoria tritici, the causal agent of Septoria tritici blotch (STB), a major foliar disease in wheat. Two complementary field experiments were conducted. The first one monitored the incidence and severity of STB under natural epidemic conditions across combinations of four wheat cultivars and four prairie mixtures with contrasted functional traits. The second experiment used above-canopy inoculation on a subset of treatments to assess disease dynamics under high disease pressure, independent of physical barrier effects. Rhizosphere microbiomes were analyzed before inoculation to evaluate enrichment in taxa associated with plant defense and disease suppression. Under natural conditions, STB incidence and severity were reduced by 52% and 41% in two agroprairie types compared to monocrop. Prairie biomass and specific leaf area (SLA) were identified as key factors associated with this reduction. When the disease was inoculated above the canopy, this reduction effect disappeared, highlighting the dominant role of physical barriers in disease regulation. However, one agroprairie treatment still reduced disease progression by 18%, suggesting the involvement of additional regulatory mechanisms. Microbiome analysis revealed shifts in bacterial beta diversity and an enrichment of potentially beneficial taxa in the wheat rhizosphere, although no direct link with disease regulation was established
Paternal determinants of Offspring Sex Ratio in horses: A retrospective analysis of stallion breed, age, and breeding method
No full textInternational audienceOffspring Sex Ratio (OSR) at birth in mammals is generally assumed to follow a 1:1 male-tofemale distribution, yet deviations in OSR have been observed and may be influenced by maternal and paternal factors. In this study we have focused on the effect of paternal factors (stallion age and breed) and breeding methods on the OSR. Using a retrospective dataset of 251,783 foal births recorded in France between 2015 and 2024, we applied generalized linear mixed models to evaluate the effects of these variables on the likelihood of producing a female foal. Stallion identity was included as a random effect. Our analysis revealed that stallion breed and breeding methods significantly influenced the sex ratio, while stallion age did not. The Anglo-Arab, Comtois, and French Sport Horse stallions were more likely to sire female foals compared to the French Trotter. Pasture breeding was associated with a higher proportion of female offspring, whereas artificial insemination using frozen or refrigerated semen reduced this likelihood. Overall, deviations in OSR were toward female offspring and were associated with stallion breed and breeding method. These patterns suggest possible contributions from paternal factors, including breed-related differences in semen characteristics and post-meiotic or peri-fertilization processessuch as semen handling, preservation, and insemination timing-that may differentially affect X-and Y-chromosome-bearing spermatozoa. Maternal factors previously reported to influence Offspring Sex Ratio cannot be excluded as contributors to the observed patterns
Évaluation de l’impact de la thérapie manuelle dans la prise en charge des lombalgies non spécifiques : revue de la portée des critères utilisés dans les essais cliniques
No full textInternational audienceBackground: Low Back Pain (LBP) is the leading cause of disability worldwide, 90% of which is nonspecific. Manual therapy is one of the recommended treatment modalities. However, reported outcomes may be variable. This review aims to identify their scope in the context of the development of a Core Outcome Set (COS), which is defined as « an agreed standardised set of outcomes that should be measured and reported, as a minimum, in all clinical trials in specific areas of health or health care ».Methods: A scoping review with risk of bias assessment of randomised controlled trials (RCTs) of manual therapy for nonspecific LBP was conducted using MEDLINE, CENTRAL, PEDro, WebOfScience and ClinicalTrials.gov, from 2010 up to August 2024. Manual therapy was considered the use, alone or in combination, of manipulations (high velocity, low amplitude), mobilisations (low-grade velocity, small-to-large amplitude) or soft tissue relaxation (especially massage, trigger points, muscle contractions).Results: Out of 3929 articles, 147 RCTs and 74 protocols were included. Two main outcomes emerged: pain intensity (assessed by numerical rating scale or visual analogue scale) and disability (mostly assessed by Rolland-Morris Disability Questionnaire or Oswestry Disability Index). Range of motion is the most frequent clinical outcome assessed. Psychological factors such as fear-avoidance beliefs, kinesiophobia and catastrophising, and healthcare consumption, particularly medication, are also frequent. Most of the outcomes were patient-reported outcomes.Conclusion: Consistent with a previous COS on nonspecific low back pain, manual therapy appears to address the same outcomes. Clinical trials in manual therapy should focus on using the existing COS by measuring pain intensity using a numerical rating scale, disability using the ODI 2.1a or the 24-item RMDQ, health-related quality of life using the SF-12 or the 10-item PROMIS. Additionally, due to the gap between clinical research and pain experience, trials should consider conducting subgroup analyses to identify effects on outcomes related to gender or age, paying particular attention to health inequalities by carrying out analyses based on socioeconomic status, as these factors are well known to significantly impact pain experience and access to care.Review protocol: PROSPERO registration CRD42024576475, COMET Database registration 3229.Introduction : La lombalgie est la principale cause d’incapacité dans le monde, jusqu’à 95% étant non spécifiques. La thérapie manuelle est l’une des modalités de traitement recommandées. Cependant, les critères de jugement utilisés peuvent être variables. Cette revue vise à développer un Core Outcome Set (COS), défini comme “un ensemble standardisé de critères devant être mesurés et rapportés, au minimum, dans tous les essais cliniques dans des domaines spécifiques de la santé ou des soins de santé”, pour la prise en charge des lombalgies non spécifiques en thérapie manuelle.Méthodes : Une revue de la portée avec analyse du risque de biais d’essais contrôlés randomisés (ECR) sur la prise en charge en thérapie manuelle des lombalgies non spécifiques a été menée sur MEDLINE, CENTRAL, PEDro, WebOfScience et ClinicalTrials.gov, de 2010 à août 2024. La thérapie manuelle incluait manipulations (haute vélocité, faible amplitude), mobilisations (faible vélocité, faible à grande amplitude) et relaxation des tissus mous (massages, points gâchettes, contractions musculaires).Résultats : Sur 3 929 articles, 147 ECR et 74 protocoles ont été inclus. Deux critères principaux ont émergé : l’intensité de la douleur (échelle numérique ou visuelle analogique) et l’incapacité (Rolland Morris Disability Questionnaire (RMDQ) ou Oswestry Disability Index (ODI). L’amplitude des mouvements était le résultat clinique le plus fréquent. Les facteurs psychologiques (croyances de peur-évitement, kinésiophobie, catastrophisme) et la consommation de soins de santé (médicaments) étaient aussi régulièrement rapportés. La plupart des résultats étaient des résultats rapportés par les patients.Conclusion : Les critères identifiés concordent avec le COS préexistant pour les lombalgies non spécifiques. Les essais cliniques doivent mesurer la douleur via une échelle numérique, l’incapacité par l’ODI 2.1a ou le RMDQ-24, et la qualité de vie par le SF-12 ou le PROMIS-10. La réalisation d’analyses de sous-groupes basées sur le genre, l’âge et le statut socio-économique est préconisée pour intégrer les inégalités de santé et la variabilité de l’expérience de la douleur.Enregistrement du protocole : PROSPERO CRD42024576475, Base de données COMET 3229
Enhanced Lysosomal Glycogen Breakdown is associated with Liver Tumorigenesis in Glycogen Storage Disease Type III
No full textInternational audienceBackground & Aims: Glycogen storage disease type III (GSDIII) is a rare metabolic disorder caused by mutations in the glycogen debranching enzyme (AGL), leading to hepatic glycogen accumulation, fibrosis and increased hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) risk. This study investigates the metabolic mechanisms driving liver tumorigenesis in an Agl-/- model of GSDIII. Methods: Liver and tumor samples from 14-month-old Agl-/- and Agl+/+ mice, and liver biopsies from GSDIII patients (n=4), were analyzed using histological, biochemical and molecular approaches. Results: Agl-/- mice recapitulated key features of GSDIII, including a 3.5-fold hepatic glycogen overload (p<0.001), and chronic liver disease. More than 30% of the animals developed liver tumors, associated to a 2.5-fold increase in α-fetoprotein levels (p<0.005). Despite marked reductions in glucose (7.5-fold, p<0.0001), glucose-6 phosphate (6.2-fold, p<0.0001), lactate (8-fold, p<0.005), cholesterol (1.9-fold, p<0.001) and triglyceride levels (6.2-fold, p<0.001) in the liver, glycaemia was maintained at around 87.0±9.6 mg/dl after 6h of fasting, through activated extrahepatic, but not hepatic, gluconeogenesis. Intriguingly, most tumors exhibited lower glycogen content than surrounding tissue (3.3-fold decrease, p<0.0001), associated with increased lysosomal α-acid glucosidase activity (19.5±5.5 in tumor vs 9.9±2.0 mmol/h/mg in Agl -/-liver; p<0.0005) and the presence of glycophagosomes. PAS-negative staining in GSDIII patient HCCs supported these observations. Although YAP nuclear staining varied between tumors, overall increased YAP nuclear localization and CTGF expression suggest that Hippo/YAP pathway inhibition could contribute to tumorigenesis in GSDIII hepatocytes.Conclusions: In GSDIII, liver metabolism is characterized by the accumulation of structurally abnormal glycogen and a significant reduction of key energy substrates. In this metabolic context, enhanced lysosomal glycogen degradation may support tumor growth, highlighting a mechanistic link between glycogen metabolism and the development of liver cancer