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You designed that yourself for me? Vicarious pride in customized gift exchange
No full textInternational audienceIn four studies, we found that receiving a customized gift leads recipients to appreciatethe gift more highly because of vicarious feelings of pride. This vicarious pride is the samefeeling that the customizer experiences after having self‐customized a product. In the firsttwo experiments with real‐life pairs of friends, vicarious pride was documented amongrecipients of customized gifts. The findings show that the relationship betweencustomization and gift appreciation is mediated by vicarious pride. Study 3 and Study 4replicate the results of the first series of experiments, and reveal the role of vicarious pridein enhancing state self‐esteem and, in turn, gift appreciation. Study 4 also tests the effectof a relational variable (i.e., relationship anxiety) on this relationship. Specifically,relationship anxiety affects vicarious pride, and then consequently state self‐esteemand gift appreciation, which are only enhanced by customization when the relationship isnot anxious. As a practical implication, this research emphasizes the importance ofcommunicating gift customization to gift recipients to enhance their gift experience andappreciation
Cost-effectiveness of weekly adaptive radiotherapy versus standard IMRT in head and neck cancer alongside the ARTIX trial
No full textInternational audienceBACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: We performed a cost-effectiveness analysis (CEA) comparing an adaptive radiotherapy (ART) strategy, based on weekly replanning, aiming to correct the parotid gland overdose during treatment and expecting therefore to decrease xerostomia, when compared to a standard IMRT. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We conducted the ARTIX trial, a randomized, parallel-group, multicentric study comparing a systematic weekly replanning ART to a standard IMRT. The primary endpoint was the frequency of xerostomia at 12 months, measured by stimulating salivary flow with paraffin. The CEA was designed alongside the ARTIX trial which was linked to the French national health data system (SNDS). For each patient, healthcare consumptions and costs were provided by the SNDS. The reference case analysis was based on the primary endpoint of the trial. Sensitivity and scenario analyses were performed. RESULTS: Of the 129 patients randomly assigned between 2013 and 2018, only 2 records were not linked to the SNDS, which provides a linkage proportion of 98.4%. All of the other 127 records were linked with good to very good robustness. On the intent-to-treat population at 12 months, mean total costs per patient were €41,564 (SD 23,624) and €33,063 (SD 16,886) for ART and standard IMRT arms, respectively (p = 0.033). Incremental cost effectiveness ratio (ICER) was €162,444 per xerostomia avoided. At 24 months, ICER was €194,521 per xerostomia avoided. For both progression-free and overall survival, ART was dominated by standard IMRT. CONCLUSION: The ART strategy was deemed to be not cost-effective compared with standard IMRT for patients with locally advanced oropharyngeal cancer
Relever les défis de la transition climatique : l'enjeu des biais cognitifs dans les prises de décision des conseils d'administration
No full textInternational audienceClimate change and transition issues impose themselves on firms as they have to mitigate their impacts on the natural environment and prepare for the eruption of risks and hazards that will undoubtedly impact their commercial and industrial activities. Taking this new climate regime into account primarily concerns top executives and directors. If the need to integrate these new parameters is shared by the greatest number, inertia and business as usual strategies compromise the achievement of the objectives of the Paris agreements. In this article, we show that one of these sources of this inertia comes from cognitive processes that hinder decision-making at the level of the board of directors. After presenting the roots of cognitive biases, we detail six main biases that hinder decisions in favor of ambitious actions and strategies. We also show how the implementation of an appropriate decision-making architecture can mitigate the expression of these cognitive biases in the boardrooms. We end the article by presenting the first feedback from the case study that we designed in a comic book format to illustrate the main biases that limit the ability of companies and their leaders to meet the climate change strategic challenges.Le changement climatique et les objectifs de transition s’imposent aux entreprises qui doivent atténuer leurs impacts sur l’environnement et se préparer à l’irruption de risques et aléas qui ne manqueront pas d’impacter leurs activités industrielles et commerciales. La prise en considération de cette nouvelle donne climatique concerne au premier chef les dirigeants et les administrateurs. Si la nécessité d’intégrer ces nouveaux paramètres est partagée par le plus grand nombre, force est de constater l’inertie des comportements et la lenteur des évolutions qui compromettent l’atteinte des objectifs de neutralité carbone de l’Accord de Paris. Dans cet article, nous montrons que l’une de ces sources de cette inertie provient de mécanismes cognitifs qui freinent la prise de décision aux niveaux des conseils d’administration. Après avoir présenté les biais cognitifs, nous détaillons six principaux biais qui freinent les décisions en faveur d’actions et de prises d’initiatives ambitieuses susceptibles d’aider les entreprises à relever le défi de la transition climatique. Nous montrons également comment la mise en place d’une architecture de décision adaptée peut permettre d’atténuer l’expression de ces biais cognitifs au sein des conseils d’administration. Nous terminons l’article en présentant les premiers retours d’expériences du cas pédagogique que nous avons conçu sous un format bande dessinée afin d’illustrer les principaux biais qui limitent la capacité des entreprises et de leurs dirigeants à relever le défi de la transition climatique
Toward an Ecological Resource Orchestration Model
No full textInternational audienceRecognizing that management scholarship does not adequately address the preservation of natural resources, an ecological resource orchestration model is introduced in this article. To this end, we build on the case of Poiscaille, a French online platform that offers a distribution model for ultra-fresh fish and seafood with the goal of preserving the ocean for future generations. Using the extended case method, this study advances the resource orchestration model through an empirical case. The Poiscaille case provides rich insights into the resource orchestration model by showing how it fosters the sustainable management of natural resources. Thus, this article contributes to natural resource management research and the resource-based view literature.<br /
Monte carlo within simulated annealing for integral constrained optimizations
No full textInternational audienceFor years, Value-at-Risk and Expected Shortfall have been well established measures of market risk and the Basel Committee on Banking Supervision recommends their use when controlling risk. But their computations might be intractable if we do not rely on simplifying assumptions, in particular on distributions of returns. One of the difficulties is linked to the need for Integral Constrained Optimizations. In this article, two new stochastic optimization-based Simulated Annealing algorithms are proposed for addressing problems associated with the use of statistical methods that rely on extremizing a non-necessarily differentiable criterion function, therefore facing the problem of the computation of a non-analytically reducible integral constraint. We first provide an illustrative example when maximizing an integral constrained likelihood for the stress-strength reliability that confirms the effectiveness of the algorithms. Our results indicate no clear difference in convergence, but we favor the use of the problem approximation strategy styled algorithm as it is less expensive in terms of computing time. Second, we run a classical financial problem such as portfolio optimization, showing the potential of our proposed methods in financial applications.<br /
Interpretable Supervised Portfolios
No full textInternational audienceThe supervised portfolios approach is an effective asset allocation strategy that engineers optimal weights before feeding them to a supervised learning algorithm. Yet, supervised learning algorithms are often seen as opaque, which undermines trust in those models, thereby limiting their adoption. To alleviate this issue, the authors apply an enhanced version of RuleFit, an intrinsic interpretable algorithm, that transforms a black box nonlinear predictive algorithm into a simple combination of rules. It fits a sparse linear model that includes feature interactions derived from decision tree ensembles. The first empirical analysis illustrates that the interpretable approach is statistically as accurate as gradient boosting on three different investment universes. The second analysis highlights which characteristics and interactions matter for an equity portfolio manager.<br/
Maintaining the meritocracy myth : A critical discourse analytic study of leaders’ talk about merit and gender in academia
No full textInternational audienceThe belief in meritocracy – that advancement is based solely on individual capabilities and hard work – remains ingrained in organizations despite evidence it is a flawed concept that perpetuates gender and other social inequalities. Critical streams of research have highlighted the ideological character of meritocracy discourse, its entrenched nature and acceptance as ‘common-sense’. Less is known about how this ‘meritocracy myth’ is maintained, that is, how this hegemonic discourse retains its potency in day-to-day talk in organizations. We argue that leaders, given their active discursive roles and opportunities to establish and control discourses, play an important but underexamined role in the reproduction and legitimization of this seemingly progressive yet ultimately destructive discourse. We conduct a critical discourse analysis (CDA) drawing on qualitative interviews with leaders in higher education institutions (HEIs) in the UK focusing on their talk about women’s recruitment and progression in academic roles. We identify three discursive interventions through which leaders routinely maintain and reinforce and on occasion challenge the existing system of meritocracy: invisibilizing gender inequality through gender-neutrality; denying constraints through individualization; and problematising meritocracy to uphold or challenge the status quo. We argue that by uncovering the means through which meritocracy discourse retains its resilience, our paper offers the opportunity to scrutinize and challenge these discursive underpinnings that uphold the ‘meritocracy myth’. We suggest it is possible to re-imagine what might be considered ‘merit worthy’ in universities recognising and centring structural gender and other social inequalities to create more equal institutions
Les espaces d'apprentissage, supports du développement des compétences transversales
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Does Urbanization Cause Crime? Evidence from Rural-Urban Migration in South Africa
No full textWe study the impact of urbanization driven by internal migration on crime in South Africa. We create a new dataset that combines yearly data on crime and urban population density at the municipality level from 2011 to 2018. We exploit exogenous variations in rural-urban migration induced by climate shocks at origin for identification. We show that higher urban population density leads to a reduction in pecuniary crime rate but has no effect on non-pecuniary crime rate. We highlight two mechanisms explaining this negative effect: a change in population composition and a social network effect
Online job search discouragement : How employment platforms and digital exclusion shape the experience of low-qualified job seekers?
No full textInternational audienceHow do people experience the platform-mediated job search process? We explore this question based on a sample of in-depth interviews (n = 20) with low-qualified, unemployed Spanish job seekers. Our main finding shows that the ways they use Information and Communication Technologies negatively impact their engagement in online job search activities. Based on our findings, we develop a framework of online job search discouragement revolving around crafting online profiles, applying for jobs, reviewing application statuses and integrating the tensions these activities carry for the experience and the outcome of the platform-mediated job search.<br/