Recherche académique à emlyon business school
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A paradoxical perspective on the time dimension of corporate sustainability: Having both finite and infinite mindsets to play the game
No full textInternational audienceAdopting a paradoxical perspective, we propose that companies need to have both finite and infinite mindsets to play the infinite game of corporate sustainability (CS). The current development of the paradoxical approach to CS focuses primarily on tension management, with limited attention directed to the time dimension and insufficient empirical evidence on how tensions between the present and the future should be dealt with. To bridge this gap, we empirically explore the effect of CS practices, driven by both finite and infinite mindsets, on CS performance. Data collected from a large-scale survey of Chinese automotive manufacturers were analyzed using the Entropy Weight Method (EWM) and Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) regressions. Findings suggest that a timebased paradoxical perspective on CS exists in firms, and they have realized short- and long-term benefits from implementing different types of CS practices. Our findings complement the CS literature on tension management and encourage businesses and policymakers to take a paradoxical approach to CS processes and outcomes
Les mechanismes de changements des normes sociales
No full textThis thesis examines how leaders drive normative change, foster cooperation in heterogeneous groups, and how shared characteristics influence leaders’ selection. Three experimental studies investigate how leaders influence coordination, cooperation, and adherence to social norms in dynamic vs. static settings. Chapter 1 explores whether leaders can facilitate the abandonment of detrimental norms in societies where members hold different normative preferences. Results indicate that in conservative societies, progressive minorities are unable to overturn established norms without external support. Conversely, while progressive societies are more likely to experience shifts in norms, these changes often come at a high social cost. By coordinating individuals’ expectations, leaders help both types of societies overcome detrimental norms, but the speed of normative change and the welfare outcomes depend on whether leaders align their recommendations with their preferences or those of the majority. Chapter 2 investigates the persistence of leaders’ influence in resolving normative conflicts that emerge in the production of public goods within heterogeneous groups, focusing on redistribution mechanisms. Findings show that most individuals favor a redistributive mechanism that, in exchange for maximum contributions from all group members, promotes reciprocity by redistributing resources from those who benefit most to those less advantaged. While this mechanism ensures both maximum efficiency and fairness in final gains, only a small minority of groups successfully coordinate on this principle without an external coordination device. Through communication, leaders play an important role in aligning beliefs, allowing a majority of groups to maximize efficiency and promote fairness. Chapter 3 examines how shared characteristics with potential candidates influence leaders’ selection, focusing on both competence and political identity. The findings reveal that voters tend to favor candidates who share their political identity, even at the expense of competence. This political identity bias overrides other affinities such as sport or art preferences, demonstrating the powerful influence of political identity on decision-making.Les essais qui constituent cette thèse étudient le rôle des leaders dans le changement normatif, la coopération au sein de groupes hétérogènes, ainsi que l'influence de leurs caractéristiques sur leur sélection. Trois études expérimentales explorent les mécanismes par lesquels les leaders influencent la coordination, la coopération et l'adhésion aux normes sociales dans des environnements dynamiques et statiques. Le chapitre 1 examine si les leaders facilitent l’abandon des normes devenues néfastes dans des sociétés dont les membres ont des préférences normatives hétérogènes. Les résultats montrent que dans le contexte de sociétés conservatrices, une minorité de citoyens progressistes ne parvient jamais à renverser la norme établie sans soutien externe. Dans le contexte de sociétés progressistes, bien que l’évolution des préférences se produisse plus rapidement, les coûts sociaux du changement empêchent certaines sociétés d’adopter une autre norme. Par le pouvoir de coordination des croyances, les leaders aident les deux types de sociétés à abandonner la norme désuète, mais la rapidité du changement et les résultats en termes de bien-être dépendent de l’alignement entre les recommandations des leaders et les préférences de la majorité des membres de la société. Le chapitre 2 explore le rôle des leaders dans la résolution des conflits normatifs qui émergent lors de la production de biens publics au sein de groupes hétérogènes. Les résultats montrent qu'une majorité d’individus est favorable à un mécanisme redistributif qui, en contrepartie d’une contribution maximale de tous les membres du groupe, encourage la redistribution de ressources des individus qui bénéficient le plus des contributions au bien public vers ceux qui sont les moins dotés. Malgré ces préférences, et bien que ce mécanisme assure à la fois l’efficience maximale et l’égalité des gains finals, une infime minorité de groupes parvient à se coordonner sur ce principe en l’absence de dispositif de coordination. À travers des recommandations d’action aux autres membres du groupe, l’introduction de leaders joue un rôle clé dans la coordination des croyances, permettant à une majorité de groupes de maximiser l’efficience tout en préservant l’égalité des gains de façon durable. Le chapitre 3 examine comment les préférences individuelles influencent le choix des leaders par les citoyens, en mettant l'accent à la fois sur les compétences et sur l'identité politique de ces leaders. Les résultats révèlent que les électeurs ont tendance à privilégier des candidats partageant leur identité politique, au détriment de leur compétence. Ce biais d'identité politique surpasse d'autres affinités de groupe, montrant ainsi l'impact puissant de l'identité politique sur la prise de décision
Disability and (in)visibility work
No full textInternational audienceThis chapter explores the inclusion of people with invisible disabilities (IDs) (PWIDs) in the workplace, focusing on the complexities of disability disclosure. Companies face increasing pressure to meet quotas of disabled workers, raising tensions around disclosure. Disclosure ranges from surface-level to deep, with varying levels of visibility and risks, particularly for those with IDs who can conceal their impairments. The chapter discusses the benefits and challenges of disclosure, highlighting the significant emotional and physical toll of non-disclosure. It underscores the importance of accommodations, legal protections, and nuanced understanding for PWID, drawing on interviews with PWIDs and disability managers to illustrate these dynamics
Sources et flux de microplastiques à l'échelle d'un bassin versant urbain
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Unleashing supply chain agility : Leveraging data network effects for digital transformation
No full textInternational audienceThe global manufacturing supply chain is undergoing a digital transformation (DT) powered by various digital technologies. In both stable and turbulent environments, DT helps safeguard supply chain performance by enhancing supply chain agility. While research on the use of digital technologies and their impacts on supply chains is growing, there is a lack of an overarching theoretical lens to synthesize their diverse functionalities, effects, and benefits. To address this gap, we adapt the concept of the data network effect to the supply chain context and propose that DT improves supply chain performance by enhancing supply chain resilience (SCRes) and robustness (SCRob) capabilities. To validate our hypotheses, we conducted a large-scale survey for data collection and performed Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modelling (PLS-SEM) for data analysis. The results confirm the positive effect of DT on supply chain performance and the mediating roles of SCRob and SCRes. Our study contributes to the ongoing discussion on DT in the context of supply chains by introducing a novel theoretical perspective on the supply chain data network effect.<br/
When digital capitalism takes (on) the neighbourhood : data activism meets place-based collective action
No full textInternational audienceRecent social movement scholarship has highlighted the instrumental and material roles played by digital technologies in supporting collective action and new cultures of organizing. This research seldom considers the symbolic role of digital technologies and data. However, the extraction and exploitation of data, described as data colonialism, facilitate novel opportunities for capitalist expansion in the everyday. Extensive data appropriation and commodification have led to a growing interest in data activism which challenges dominant data politics. Focusing on the intersection of data activism and local organising of collective action, this article examines two cases of how Big Tech disrupts everyday life and becomes a grievance used for mobilisation. With these cases, we illustrate how protest campaigns react to Google’s aim to colonise both digital and physical spheres of life. The first case concerns the creation of a Google Campus in Berlin, while the second focuses on the Sidewalk Toronto urban development project led by the Google subsidiary, SideWalk Labs. Both projects were met with resistance comprising elements of data activism, mobilised as the Fuck Off Google and #blocksidewalk campaigns. Beyond rallying local discontent around impending gentrification and increased housing prices, the campaigns raised awareness about digital giants’ unethical data practices and underscored alternative human-centric technologies and data politics. Employing frame analysis, we elaborate on the intersecting dynamics of traditional, community-based grassroots mobilisation and data activism against Googlization and explore the potentialities and limitations toward contextualising collective action for (rather than in) the digital age.<br /
When the going gets tough : Board gender diversity in the wake of a major crisis
No full textInternational audienceGender diversity on corporate boards continues to present a significant challenge, exacerbated by significant external disruptions such as financial crises or the recent COVID-19 pandemic. These exogenous shocks pressure organizations to reconcile diversity imperatives with more immediate concerns arising from the crises at hand. Employing elements from gender role and institutional theories, we argue that major exogenous shocks will negatively affect (i.e., reduce) gender diversity in corporate boards. Moreover, we propose that female CEOs and the strength of institutional mechanisms (i.e., quotas and corporate governance codes) will moderate (i.e., weaken) the negative effect of these shocks on board gender diversity. We examine these hypotheses in the context of the last global financial crisis (GFC), employing a panel of 10,181 unique firms across 21 countries between 2000 and 2015. We apply a two-way fixed effect difference-in-difference research design, complemented by an extensive battery of additional analyses to ensure robustness. Our results confirm a substantial decline in board gender diversity following the GFC. However, we do not find empirical support for female CEOs or institutional mechanisms in mitigating these diversity reductions. Following these findings, we propose several implications for research and policy.<br /
Seasonal volatility in agricultural markets : modelling and empirical investigations
No full textInternational audienceThis paper deals with the issue of modelling the volatility of futures prices in agricultural markets. We develop a multi-factor model in which the stochastic volatility dynamics incorporate a seasonal component. In addition, we employ a maturity-dependent damping term to account for the Samuelson effect. We give the conditions under which the volatility dynamics are well defined and obtain the joint characteristic function of a pair of futures prices. We then derive the state-space representation of our model in order to use the Kalman filter algorithm for estimation and prediction. The empirical analysis is carried out using daily futures data from 2007 to 2019 for corn, cotton, soybeans, sugar and wheat. In-sample, the seasonal models clearly outperform the nested non-seasonal models in all five markets. Out-of-sample, we predict volatility peaks with high accuracy for four of these five commodities.<br /