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Rencontre autour du livre "Les quartiers culturels et créatifs. Ambivalences de l’art et de la culture dans la ville post-industrielle"
No full textInternational audienceDans le cadre des Rencontres du réseau thématique "Sociologie des arts et de la culture" (RT14) de l’Association française de sociologie (ASF), cette conférence avait pour objectif de discuter du livre "Les quartiers culturels et créatifs. Ambivalences de l’art et de la culture dans la ville post-industrielle" publié aux éditions Le Manuscrit, collection Devenirs urbains (https://hal.science/hal-03897030v1). Cette rencontre a été valorisée par un podcast disponible sur le Carnet de recherche du RT14 (https://rt14.hypotheses.org/)
Quand l’Afrique se lit dans Courrier international.
No full textCe document est un chapitre de mon mémoire de licence d'histoire réactualisé en 2025The years 1990 to 2005 were pivotal. After thirty years of independence, Africa was suffering the horrors of the economic adjustments proposed by international institutions. The political regimes in place were at the end of their tether. The military had gradually driven civilians out of the presidential palaces. State power is attractive. People are looking for providential men. Behind the scenes, the former colonial power is plotting to maintain its influence in the management of local affairs. Demographics, once an asset, are starting to become a major issue: young Africans need to be given work. The Western press feasts on the misery and failures of African leaders, who are seen, rightly or wrongly, as incompetent and unenlightened tyrants. The African press, despite its meagre resources, offers a different viewpoint, one that Courrier international echoes.Keywords : Africa, written press, democracy, Courrier international, diplomacy, geopoliticsLos años 1990 a 2005 fueron cruciales. Tras treinta años de independencia, África sufría los horrores de los ajustes económicos propuestos por las instituciones internacionales. Los regímenes políticos en vigor estaban al límite de sus fuerzas. Los militares habían expulsado progresivamente a los civiles de los palacios presidenciales. El poder del Estado es atractivo. La gente busca hombres providenciales. Entre bastidores, la antigua potencia colonial conspira para mantener su influencia en la gestión de los asuntos locales. La demografía, antaño una ventaja, empieza a convertirse en un problema importante: hay que dar trabajo a los jóvenes africanos. La prensa occidental se deleita con la miseria y los fracasos de los dirigentes africanos, considerados, con razón o sin ella, como tiranos incompetentes y poco ilustrados. La prensa africana, a pesar de sus escasos medios, ofrece un punto de vista diferente, del que se hace eco Courrier international.Palabras clave : África, prensa escrita, democracia, Courrier international, diplomacia, geopolíticaLes années 1990 à 2005 sont des années charnières. L’Afrique, après trente ans d’indépendance, subit les affres des ajustements économiques proposés par les institutions internationales. Les régimes politiques en place sont à bout de souffle. Les militaires ont chassé progressivement les civils des palais présidentiels. Le pouvoir d’État attire. Les populations sont à la recherche d’hommes providentiels. Dans les coulisses l’ancienne puissance coloniale complote pour garder son influence dans la gestion des affaires locales. La démographie à priori un atout commence à devenir un enjeu de premier plan, il faut donner du travail aux jeunes africains. La presse occidentale se régale de la misère et des échecs des dirigeants africains qui sont vus à tort ou à raison comme des incompétents et des tyrans non éclairés. La presse africaine malgré ses faibles moyens donne à lire un autre discours dont Courrier international se fait l’écho.Mots clés : Afrique, presse écrite, démocratie, Courrier international, diplomatie, géopolitiqu
Pluto’s atmosphere gas and haze composition from JWST/MIRI spectroscopy
No full textInternational audienceContext: Pluto possesses a tenuous, time-variable, N2-dominated atmosphere, with extensive haze. Previous spectroscopic observations from the ground at near-infrared (NIR) and submillimeter (submm) wavelengths and New Horizons in the ultraviolet (UV) have revealed a Titan-like atmosphere with rich N2-CH4 photochemistry. The mid-infrared (MIR) range of Pluto’s spectrum, however, has remained out of reach thus far.Aims. Taking advantage of JWST sensitivity, our goal is to obtain new insights into Pluto’s atmospheric gas and haze composition using mid-IR spectroscopy.Methods. In May 2023, we used JWST/MIRI MRS to acquire a high signal-to-noise (S/N) spectrum of Pluto over 4.9–27 μm, finally opening up the MIR spectral range for Pluto. The data were analyzed with a standard radiative transfer code, including the solar and thermal components, and the gas and haze emission, using gas vertical distributions from photochemical models as templates.Results. The Pluto spectrum consists of the superposition of solar light reflected off Pluto’s surface, surface thermal emission, gas thermal and non-thermal emission, and haze emission. The solar reflected component shows absorption by CH4, CH3D, and C2H4 surface ices. Spectral signatures of C2H6, C2H2, CH3C2H, and C4H2 gases are strongly detected over 12–16 μm, broadly probing the stratopause region (altogether spanning 15–100 km). Unexpectedly, we also detect fluorescence (non-LTE) emission from gas CH4 (ν4 and hot bands) and CH3D (ν6 band) in the 7–9 μm range, indicating excitation temperatures that are much higher than Pluto’s atmosphere kinetic temperature. The C2H6 abundance agrees very well with photochemical models, but those of CH3C2H, and C4H2 are about five and ten times lower than model predictions, respectively. The C2H2 12.9–14.7 μm emission (ν5) is imperfectly fit and may point to a less steep C2H2 profile than in model predictions or (perhaps more likely) to non-LTE effects on this band. Remarkably, C2HD is detected at 14.75 μm, yielding a (D/H)C2H2 ratio equal to (3±1) terrestrial. Also, HCN has been tentatively observed and upper limits on several other gases (C2H4, C3H8, C6H6, HC3N, and CO2) are obtained. The haze emission is clearly present over 13–20 μm and characterized by emission peaks at 15.45 μm, 14.58 μm, and maybe 13.60 μm. The haze spectrum is very different from Titan’s and points to the presence of pure or mixed ices (e.g., C4H2, C6H6), as previously proposed.Conclusions: The spectacular JWST MIRI spectrum is giving us a new look at Pluto’s atmosphere. An improved non-LTE modeling of the fluorescent emissions (CH4, CH3D, and possibly C2H2) and of the ice features is expected to yield a broader view of Pluto’s D/H ratio in different gases (CH4, C2H2) and phases (gas and solid). This would bear key information on Pluto’s ice origin and evolution
Critical Micelle Concentration Determination with Non-contact RF Dielectric Impedancemetry for Surfactants in Solution
No full textInternational audienceSurfactants are a widely used family of polar molecules which possess both hydrophilic and lipophilic parts. Their polar conformation properties make them useful in a variety of applications, including emulsion stabilization, drug delivery, and detergency. In a colloidal solution, surfactant molecules self-aggregate to form micelles which can be used to reduce the surface tension of oil-water interfaces in emulsions. The Critical Micelle Concentration (CMC) is the point at which the surfactant undergoes self-aggregation, forming a separate phase that modifies the electrical and mechanical properties of the colloidal solution. From a kinematic perspective, it is related to the critical stage at which the droplets are stabilized by the surfactant molecules. The CMC can be estimated using a variety of techniques. Each method possesses its own inherent limitations, which can result in approximations, especially when dealing with mixtures of multiple surfactants and polymers. This article presents a novel contactless radiofrequency inductive technique for measuring the CMC of surfactants in complex fluids. This method is based on the monitoring of the dielectric properties of the complex medium. The effectiveness of the technique is validated using known surfactants according to literature and conventional methods. The capacity of this technique to provide consistent and accurate CMC values, even for complex solutions comprising multiple surfactants, is demonstrated
Éveiller au plaisir de lire en maternelle : mise en place et analyse d’un dispositif de « rappel de récit »
No full textLe plaisir de lire se construit dès les premières années de maternelle, notamment à travers les expériences d’écoute, de manipulation du livre et d’appropriation du récit. À cet âge, la compréhension passe par la lecture à voix haute de l’histoire par l’adulte, et le rappel de récit constitue l’un des rares moyens d’accéder aux représentations mentales de l’enfant. Je me suis alors interrogée : comment le rappel de récit peut-il favoriser l’émergence du plaisir de lire chez les élèves de maternelle, en soutenant leur compréhension narrative ? Pour tenter d’y répondre, j’ai conçu et mis en œuvre une séquence pédagogique dans une classe de cycle 1, en m’appuyant sur des situations d’écoute, de reformulation et d’échange autour de l’album jeunesse C’est à moi, ça ! de Michel Van Zeveren. L’objectif étant d’observer comment cette pratique peut nourrir, étape par étape, le plaisir d’écouter, le plaisir du livre, puis le plaisir de lire
自动医学翻译的优化和质量评估：基于 MQM 2.0 的方法论
No full textMachine translation quality assessment has become a crucial issue in the fields of applied linguistics and translation technologies. In this study, we will focus on medical language in English, which will be analyzed and translated into French using DeepL (and later ChatGPT). We have extracted specific passages to conduct a comparative analysis between machine translation and a reference translation.The main objective is to evaluate the quality of the translation provided by DeepL using the Multidimensional Quality Metrics (MQM) evaluation framework. This framework allows for an in-depth analysis of different aspects of translation, such as accuracy, fluency, and coherence. By identifying the strengths and weaknesses of machine translation compared to human translation, this study will contribute to improving translation processes and ensuring accurate and effective medical communication.L'évaluation de la qualité des traductions automatiques est devenue un enjeu crucial dans le domaine de la linguistique appliquée et des technologies de la traduction. Dans cette étude, nous nous concentrerons sur la langue médicale en anglais, qui sera analysée et traduite en français à l'aide de DeepL (plus tard chatgpt). Nous avons extrait des passages spécifiques pour mener une analyse comparative entre la traduction automatique et une traduction référentielle. L'objectif principal est d'évaluer la qualité de la traduction fournie par DeepL en utilisant le cadre d'évaluation des Multidimensional Quality Metrics (MQM). Ce cadre permet d'analyser en profondeur différents aspects de la traduction, tels que l'exactitude, la fluidité et la cohérence. En identifiant les forces et les faiblesses de la traduction automatique par rapport à la traduction humaine, cette étude contribuera à améliorer les processus de traduction et à garantir une communication médicale précise et efficace.评估机器翻译的质量已成为应用语言学和翻译技术领域的一个重要议题。在本研究中，我们将重点关注英语医学语言，并使用 DeepL（稍后将介绍 ChatGPT）对其进行分析并翻译成法语。我们提取了特定段落，以对机器翻译和参考翻译进行比较分析。主要目标是使用多维质量指标（MQM）评估框架来评估 DeepL 提供的翻译质量。该框架可以深入分析翻译的不同方面，例如准确性、流畅性和一致性。通过识别机器翻译与人工翻译相比的优缺点，这项研究将有助于改进翻译流程，并确保医疗交流的准确性和有效性
Compte-rendu de lecture de Translation and transposition in the early modern period : knowledge, literature, travel, de Karen Bennett et Rogério Miguel Puga
No full textInternational audienc
Interpreting millimeter emission from IMEGIN galaxies NGC 2146 and NGC 2976
No full textInternational audienceThe millimeter continuum emission from galaxies provides important information about cold dust, its distribution, its heating, and its role in the interstellar medium (ISM). This emission also carries an unknown portion of the free-free and synchrotron radiation. The IRAM 30 m Guaranteed Time Large Project, Interpreting Millimeter Emission of Galaxies with IRAM and NIKA2 (IMEGIN) provides a unique opportunity to study the origin of the millimeter emission at angular resolutions of < 18″ in a sample of nearby galaxies. As a pilot study, we present millimeter observations of two IMEGIN galaxies, NGC 2146 (starburst) and NGC 2976 (peculiar dwarf) at 1.15 mm and 2 mm. Combined with the data taken with the Spitzer, Herschel, Planck, WSRT, and the 100 m Effelsberg telescopes, we modeled the infrared-to-radio Spectral Energy Distribution (SED) of these galaxies, both globally and at resolved scales, using a Bayesian approach to (1) dissect different components of the millimeter emission, (2) investigate the physical properties of dust, and (3) explore the correlations between millimeter emission, gas, and star formation rate (SFR). We find that cold dust is responsible for most of the 1.15 mm emission in both galaxies and at 2 mm in NGC 2976. The free-free emission emits more importantly in NGC 2146 at 2 mm. The cold dust emissivity index is flatter in the dwarf galaxy (β = 1.3 ± 0.1) compared to the starburst galaxy (β = 1.7 ± 0.1). Mapping the dust-to-gas ratio, we find that it changes between 0.004 and 0.01 with a mean of 0.006 ± 0.001 in the dwarf galaxy. In addition, there is no global balance between the formation and dissociation of H2 in this galaxy. We find tight correlations between the millimeter emission and both the SFR and molecular gas mass in both galaxies.</p