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Is there an additional price premium for single-family houses exposed to urban parks? Insights from causal spatio-temporal matching in Québec city
No full textInternational audienceUrban parks and green spaces are known for providing positive social and environmental services, which is usually capitalized into real estate prices. While positive externalities extend at the neighbourhood level, negative externalities can be detected close to the infrastructures, making the price premium varying locally for houses exposed. The paper investigates if local price premium for exposition to different types of parks differ between houses connected or adjacent to parks compared to other houses located nearby but not directly exposed. For that purpose, a spatio-temporal propensity score matching identification strategy is proposed and applied on single-family house transactions in Québec City between 2004 and 2020. The estimation results show that, except for two specific situations, direct exposition does not necessarily translate in significant additional house price premiums. However, a complementary quantile analysis suggests that the non-significant mean differential price premium hides an important spatial dimension, pointing to the presence of environmental inequities
Vote par approbation, Vote à la médiane et Vote -profond
No full textWe consider -deepest voting process bases on 0-1 grades. We show that depending on the value of , it corresponds to known voting procedures : approval voting if and median voting if . It is also shown that the extreme case corresponds to unanimity voting.Nous considérons le processus de vote -profond où les notes autorisées sont 0 et 1. Nous montrons qu'en fonction de la valeur de , il correspond à des processus de votes connus : le vote par approbation si et le vote à la médiane si . Nous montrons également que le cas correspond au vote à l'unanimité..</div
La complémentarité des outils d'accompagnement des acteurs pour la gestion des adventices économe en herbicides
No full textDéveloppement d'outils d'aide à la décisionCe volume fait suite au carrefour de l'innovation Inrae, organisé par Inrae, Agreenium et l'Institut Agro Dijon, les 26 et 27 novembre 2024 de restitution du projet sur les Connaissances et outils pour des démarches préventives et opérationnelles en gestion agroécologique des adventices (COPRAA).National audienceThis paper presents 4 tools for designing herbicide-sparse cropping systems. The “virtual field” model FLORSYS was built from experiments, and can be used to test cropping systems in the long term, with different pedoclimates and weed floras. It predicts many virtual “measurements” on crops, weeds and soil, as well as indicators of weed impact on crop production and biodiversity. Two decision-support systems co-developed with future users (farmers, crop advisors…) also allow comparing cropping systems, one interms of weed risk for a series of harmful weed species (OdERA), the other (DECIFLORSYS) with the same weed-impact indicators as FLORSYS. Finally, OPTIFLORSYS combines FLORSYS with optimization algorithms to propose cropping systems that meet the user's production and/or biodiversity objectives.Cet article présente 4 outils pour concevoir des systèmes de culture à zéro/faible usage d'herbicides. Le modèle « parcelle virtuelle » FLORSYS construit à partir d'expérimentations permet de tester les systèmes de culture à long-terme, avec différents pédoclimats et flores adventices. Il prédit de nombreuses « mesures » virtuelles sur les cultures, les adventices et le milieu, ainsi que des indicateurs d'impact des adventices sur la production des cultures et la biodiversité. Deux outils d'aide à la décision co-construits avec des acteurs de terrain permettent également de comparer des systèmes de culture, l'un en termes de risque malherbologique pour une série d'espèces adventices préoccupantes (OdERA), l'autre (DECIFLORSYS) avec les mêmes indicateurs d'impacts des adventices que FLORSYS. Enfin, OPTIFLORSYS combine FLORSYS à des algorithmes d'optimisation pour proposer des systèmes de culture répondant aux objectifs de production et/ou de biodiversité recherchés par l'utilisateur
Effect of dietary citrus pulp on performance and dry matter digestibility in dairy cows: A meta-analysis and meta-regression
No full textInternational audienceCitrus by-products have been used as low-cost nutritional ingredient in ruminant diets to support growth and lactation. The current study aimed to evaluate the effect of dietary inclusion of citrus pulp on dairy cow performance through a meta-analysis approach. A systematic search was based on the PICO question (Participant-Intervention-Comparator-Outcomes): Compared to the control group, what is the effect of citrus pulp feeding on dairy cow performance? The bibliographic search was conducted by four experts using the scientific databases: PubMed, Google Scholar, Scopus and PRIMO-ExLibris. The outcome variables considered were dry matter intake (DMI), DM apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD), milk yield (MY), fat, protein, lactose content and yield, and ruminal propionic, butyric and acetic acids proportion. The effect size was measured through the raw and standardized mean difference (RMD and SMD respectively). The meta-analysis was conducted using the "Meta" package in R. The covariables included in the meta-regression were: genetic group, inclusion level of citrus pulp in the diet, dietary content and difference of CP, NDF and starch between citrus pulp and control diets, and milk production level. Dietary inclusion of citrus pulp in dairy cow rations had negative effect on DMI (-0.62 kg/d; P = 0.001), MY (-0.71 kg; P < 0.01), and protein (-0.08 g/100 g; P < 0.01) and lactose (-0.09 g/100 g; P < 0.01) concentrations with greater impact in high-producing cows, whereas DM ATTD was not affected by citrus pulp dietary inclusion. The volatile fatty acid proportion (mol/100 mol tVFA) increased for acetic (+0.64; P < 0.01) and butyric acids (+1.09; P < 0.01) but decreased for propionic acid (-1.18; P = 0.0001) in response to citrus pulp inclusion. Regarding meta-regression, inclusion level of citrus pulp was negatively associated with MY and DMI. The inclusion of citrus pulp in the diet of dairy cows has adverse effects on MY and some milk constituents such as lactose and protein, which are probably mediated by a decrease in DMI, dietary starch content and changes in the ruminal proportions of propionic and butyric VFAs. Finally, the decrease in DMI and milk yield is more marked in high yielding cows
Harmonized Datasets of microbiological parameters from a French national-scale soil monitoring survey
No full textInternational audienceMicrobiological datasets and associated environmental parameters from the French soil quality monitoring network (RMQS) offer an opportunity for long-term and large-scale soil quality monitoring. Soils supply important ecosystem services e.g. carbon dynamics/storage or mineral element recycling, supported by the soil microbial diversity (bacteria, archaea and fungi). Based on the 2,240 sites of the 2000–2015 RMQS, molecular tools were applied to characterize soil microbiota. Soil DNA analysis yielded molecular microbial biomass for 2,168 sites, bacterial and fungal qPCR for 2,073 sites, and high-throughput amplicon sequencing of targeted 16S rDNA bacterial and archaeal genes for 1,842 sites. All these datasets were partially or completely unavailable, so raw results files from RMQS microbiological studies were harmonized and published in a Dataverse repository to facilitate their reusability. Altogether, these datasets allow for in-depth studies of soil microbial ecology and biogeography, and will be updated with fungal datasets and the second currently ongoing monitoring campaign (2016–2027)
Wine tasting Demystified: Celebrating Professor Wendy Parr’s contribution to the understanding of wine tasting and wine tasters – An Introduction
No full textInternational audienceOur goal in putting together this special issue was twofold: First, to honour the remarkable career of Professor Wendy Parr and her contribution to the understanding of wine tasting and wine tasters and second, to continue to raise awareness of the importance of the cognitive approach in the wine scientific literature. We present Professor Wendy Parr’s insightful reflections on her distinguished career, including her early ventures into psychology and the experiences that shaped her contributions. These are complemented by a concise historical perspective on the evolution of wine sensory science, providing context for her work. Professor Parr also shares her thoughtful vision for the future, offering inspiration for continued advancements in the field. This special issue includes 20 articles, referring to different perspectives on wine tasting phenomena. Each article was categorised into one of five wine sensory research themes, namely taster’s cognition, taster’s attitudes and representations, taster segmentation, wine-extrinsic cues and wine-intrinsic cues
Field Investigation of Flavored Kombucha’s Shelf Life Unveils High Sensitivity of Microbial Dynamics Towards Assimilable Nitrogen
No full textInternational audienceAchieving both the maintenance of the highest live microbial population possible, while limiting the production of ethanol and overpressure in kombucha bottles, constitutes a challenge that requires gaining insights into the shelf life of kombucha. This field study aimed at understanding the impact of biotic and abiotic factors (microbial activity and storage temperature respectively) on bottled unflavored and flavored kombuchas during their shelf life. Changes in the microbial and chemical compositions were monitored over 1 to 8 months of storage at 4 °C or 20 °C. Non-targeted analysis of volatile compounds was carried out to identify biomarkers across chemical families and put into perspective with a descriptive sensory analysis. Results show the efficiency of refrigeration and pasteurization to inhibit alcoholic fermentation. However, flavoring strongly accelerated yeast fermentative activity despite refrigeration leading to excessive ethanol concentrations and in-bottle pressures. This may be caused by the introduction of assimilable nitrogen through flavoring ingredients. Fatty acids were determined as biomarkers for aging during cold storage with or without flavoring. Despite changes in volatile composition, olfactory sensory profiles were mildly impacted. Ammonium supplementation stimulated microbial activities before bottling (aerobic phase) but not after, hinting at an effect of amino acids during the shelf life. This study advises kombucha producers to pay greater attention to the assimilable nitrogen content of flavoring ingredients to improve the control over the quality of their final products during the shelf life
Olfactory awareness in lambs assessed through habituation-dishabituation and approach-withdrawal tests
No full textInternational audienceAssessing olfaction in lambs presents methodological challenges due to their precocial development and extreme sensitivity to isolation and novelty. Previous research studied lambs’ olfactory reactivity, particularly to odors from conspecifics, their responses to other odor sources remaining underexplored. To begin addressing this gap, we implemented two tests to evaluate olfactory discrimination in lambs using two distinct odors: dog feces odor (DO) and ovine wool odor (OO). First, after validating the procedure on 10 Suffolk ewes with the same odorous stimuli, a habituation-dishabituation (H-D) test run on 6-day-old lambs (Suffolk, n = 26, 14 females) consisted in repeating 4 times one odor for habituation, followed by a single presentation the other, novel odor for dishabituation (presentation order of OO/DO being counterbalanced across animals). The ewes and lambs habituated to both odors, exhibiting a significant decline in sniffing duration; they also dishabituated to novel odors, attesting their clear discrimination between them. Second, an approach-withdrawal test using boxes scented with these same stimuli was run a group of lambs p (Suffolk, age: 24-day, n = 21). In the approach test, lambs spent significantly more time near objects scented with unfamiliar conspecific wool than those scented with canine feces. Both tests confirmed that lambs clearly discriminate both odors. While the habituation-dishabituation test proved effective in assessing odor discrimination, interpretation of the approach test results was more complex under the given experimental conditions
Mechanical, physical, water vapor barrier, and functional properties of carboxymethyl cellulose/anthocyanin/TiO2 films for real-time food quality monitoring
No full textInternational audienceTo enhance the properties of functional film containing carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) and Carissa carandas L. fruit and Clitoria ternatea flower anthocyanins (CCA) while maintaining functional properties for quality monitoring, titanium dioxide nanoparticles (nano-TiO2) were added at different concentrations. Nano-TiO2 addition affected the films’ color by increasing b* and decreasing L* and a* values as well as lowering light transmittance and transparency. Increasing the nano-TiO2 content improved the tensile strength (17.70–31.33 MPa) but decreased the elongation at break (50.23–40.03 %) and degree of swelling (149.55–92.02 %) of the CMC/CCA film (p < 0.05). Nano-TiO2 addition also significantly improved the water vapor barrier properties of films (3.88–3.42 × 10−10 g m−2 s−1 Pa−1). After exposure to volatile ammonia, the nano-TiO2-added films showed poor color changes, particularly at high nano-TiO2 levels. Fourier transform infrared analysis revealed that there were no major changes in the polymer structure. X-ray diffraction analysis confirmed the presence of nano-TiO2 in the CMC/CCA functional films. Confirming our hypothesis, the 1 % nano-TiO2-loaded CMC/CCA functional film exhibited optimal performance between enhanced properties and color indication capability, making it efficient for real-time quality change detection. Therefore, the developed nano-TiO2-loaded CMC/CCA functional film shows promise as an intelligent food packaging
Utilisation d'intelligence artificielle pour la gestion autonome debâtiments
No full textNational audienceThis research explores the integration of artificial intelligence (AI) into building management systems to create intelligent and autonomous buildings, by combining digital models, sensor data, and usage information. The study addresses challenges in energy efficiency, user behavior, and regulatory compliance. Key scientific questions include the development of knowledge models, the management of large data sets, and the autonomy of building operations through AI-driven strategies, using neuro-symbolic AI methods.Cette recherche explore l'intégration de l'intelligence artificielle (IA) dans les systèmes de gestion des bâtiments pour créer des bâtiments intelligents et autonomes, en combinant modèles numériques, données de capteurs et information d'usage. L'étude aborde les défis de l'efficacité énergétique, du comportement des usagers et de la conformité réglementaire. Les principales questions scientifiques incluent le développement de modèles de connaissances, la gestion de grands ensembles de données et l'autonomie de l'exploitation des bâtiments à travers des stratégies pilotées par l'IA, en utilisant des méthodes d'IA neuro-symbolique