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Are plant protein ingredients efficient egg white replacers in foams ?
No full textInternational audienceTo meet the increasing demand for protein and environment sustainability, there is a necessity to support protein transition by expanding the range of plant-based protein products. Foams are particularly challenging applications as they required protein with high solubility, fast diffusion towards the interface, flexibility and interactions ability. Egg white proteins are often considered as reference proteins for foaming. This study compared 7 plant protein ingredients (5 isolates – potato (2 proteins fractions), pea, soy and gluten; 2 concentrate – pea and soy) as egg white replacer in foams. Ingredient composition, physical and hydration properties of ingredient powders and foaming properties as well as foam texture have been characterized. Three ingredients out of the seven tested formed stable foams when rehydrated at minimum 3% (w/v) in water (2 potato protein isolates and 1 gluten isolate). The foaming properties of these ingredients and egg white were mainly explained by the ingredient composition and powder physical properties whereas the solution properties were not correlated with foaming properties. Optimization using experimental design and data analysis for protein content and pH were then performed on these ingredients. Predictive models were obtained for foaming capacity, foam stability against drainage, foam firmness, adhesiveness and cohesion as a function of pH and protein content for each ingredient. These models can be used by foam manufacturers to choose the best egg replacer considering the pH and the protein content of its application
Towards fast, sensitive, and selective viral detection methods in food/water: a systematic review
No full textInternational audienceBackground: Viral detection in food and water is a major challenge for food safety and public health. Foodborne viruses such as noroviruses and hepatitis viruses are responsible for significant outbreaks worldwide. Reliable and rapid detection methods are essential for monitoring contamination and preventing infections.Scope and approach: This systematic review evaluates the effectiveness of viral detection techniques, including genetic, immunoassay-based, optical, sequencing, and biosensor-based methods. The PRISMA 2020 statement was followed for article selection. The techniques were assessed based on trueness, precision, accuracy, and selectivity to compare their performance in food and water matrices.Key findings and conclusion: Genetic methods, particularly RT-qPCR, remain the most reliable approach due to their sensitivity and standardized protocols. Biosensors show potential for rapid viral detection but require further validation for complex matrices. Next-generation sequencing (NGS) provides valuable insights but is costly and not widely adopted for routine analysis. Immunoassays offer an alternative but face limitations in food applications. Optical and emerging techniques such as molecularly imprinted polymers and aptamers present promising avenues for improving speed and selectivity. Overall, while RT-qPCR is the current gold standard, advances in biosensors and alternative techniques may enable faster, more selective, and cost-effective viral detection in the future. Further research is needed to optimize these technologies for real-world food safety applications
Binding of Fe 2+ to Polygalacturonate: Structure of Dimers and Coordination Geometry
No full textInternational audienceWe performed enhanced sampling molecular dynamics simulations to check to what extent the egg-box model (EBM) describes the binding of Fe2+ to alpha-D-(1 -> 4) polygalacturonic acid (polyGalA). In agreement with the EBM, two octameric polyGalA chains in the presence of four Fe2+ cations (R total = [Fe2+]/[GalA] = 0.25) formed dimers mostly composed of 4 GalA-Fe2+-GalA cross-links (R bound approximate to 0.25), and Fe2+ cations were preferentially bound to polyGalA chains in a monodentate coordination mode, owing to their tight interaction with their hydration water. Yet, at variance with the EBM, dimers with irregular cross-link patterns and/or with a missing cross-link were also sampled to significant amounts, and the hydroxyl oxygen atoms from GalA units did not participate significantly to the first coordination shell of Fe2+. Therefore, this study suggests that the EBM does not capture the details of the local structures of Fe2+-cross-linked polyGalA dimers and of the first coordination shell of bound Fe2+ cations, as previously observed for Ca2+
Functional Characterization of Protein From Rice‐Based Ethanol By‐Products for Food Industry Use: A Comparative Analysis of Alkaline and Enzyme Methods
No full textInternational audienceRice distiller dried grain (RDDG), a by‐product from rice‐based ethanol plants, is currently used at a low application value. Alkaline and protease extraction methods were used to extract protein from RDDG. By using the alkaline method, the highest yield and recovery protein obtained was 46.7% and 90%, respectively, under pH 12 at 60°C. In the case of protease extraction, under the protease/RDDG ratio of 10%, the protein recovery and protein purity were 34.10% and 83.18%, respectively. The properties of extracted protein including polypeptide composition and digestibility were investigated. The major polypeptides observed include glutelin (37–39 kDa) and prolamin (13 kDa) for alkaline extraction. However, no distinct protein bands were detected in the case of protease extraction. The protein digestibility of protein extracted by protease and alkaline methods was 77.10% and 42.93%, respectively. For the alkaline method, no detectable thermal transition signal was observed while a major endothermic peak with a denaturation temperature of 94.06°C and an enthalpy value of 7.18 J/g was detectable for the enzyme method. These findings provide the food industry in Vietnam with an interesting and potential application from ethanol by‐products
Evaluating the Genotoxicity and Mutagenicity of Food Contaminants: Acrylamide, Penitrem A, and 3‐Acetyldeoxynivalenol in Individual and Combined Exposure In Vitro
No full textInternational audienceThis study aimed to evaluate the genotoxic effects of food contaminants exposure in human neuroblastoma SH‐SY5Y cells using the micronucleus (MN) assay and Ames test. Acrylamide (AA), penitrem A (PEN A), and 3‐acetyldeoxynivalenol (3‐ADON) were tested both individually and in combination. Since humans are likely to be exposed to these substances simultaneously through diet, it is crucial to investigate their combined effects of the compounds rather than just their individual toxicities. The results demonstrated significant increases in MN frequency for all individual treatments and in a dose‐dependent manner for AA and 3‐ADON. Combined treatments also resulted in higher MN frequencies, particularly for AA + 3‐ADON and PEN A + 3‐ADON respect to the control. However, the Ames test revealed no mutagenic potential for any of the individual or combined treatments, consistent with previous studies. These findings suggest that while food contaminants induce chromosomal damage (MN induction), they do not cause gene mutations. Nonetheless, the lack of single mutations activity does not exclude the potential health risks of combined mycotoxin exposure, especially given the observed genotoxicity due to the DNA damage through chromosomal aberrations. Future studies focused on the mechanism of action should investigate the combined effects of food contaminants in more detail to better assess their potential health risks
Regional climate warming increases occurrence and intensity of winter wheat drought risk
No full textInternational audienceDuring the 1960–2021 period, France experienced two rapid increases in 2m air temperature, in 1987/1988 and 2014/2015. Between the periods 1960–1987 and 1988–2014, this induced significant differences in the mean state of the local water cycle climatic components. Evolving climate hazards linked to the water cycle led to water balance modifications, especially in winter bread wheat fields. This work aims to analyze the resulting changes in agro-climatic risk linked to drought after each abrupt warming. For each grid point of the Safran-Isba-Modcou (SIM) dataset and each year, daily values of Relative Extractible Water () under a wheat stress threshold of 40 % are cumulated to obtain a water stress index. For the first time, the modeling of water stress index distributions using Tweedie family distributions allows to disentangle modifications in frequency and intensity of drought events. These display various changes depending on the wheat production basin and the studied period. Overall, the mean water stress index increases in each production basin, with the Nord-Pas-de-Calais and Parisian production basins being particularly impacted by the 1987/1988 abrupt warming. Our results highlight that the modifications of climate hazards lead to harsher hydric stress events over main French wheat production basins. The probability of extreme drought events is rising strongly in several production basins. Changes in agro-climatic risk associated with drought are one of the main factors affecting crop growth cycle and development. As the probability to overcome risk threshold increases, yields may be significantly reduced, leading to increased economic losses. This is of major concern for the agricultural sector, including crop insurers, and underscores the urgent need for adaptation and prevention measures
Long-term effects of combining anaerobic digestate with other organic waste products on soil microbial communities
No full textInternational audienceIntroduction Agriculture is undergoing an agroecological transition characterized by adopting new practices to reduce chemical fertilizer inputs. In this context, digestates are emerging as sustainable substitutes for mineral fertilizers. However, large-scale application of digestates in agricultural fields requires rigorous studies to evaluate their long-term effects on soil microbial communities, which are crucial for ecosystem functioning and resilience. Material and methods This study presents provides a comparative analysis in long-term field conditions of fertilization strategies combining annual applications of raw digestate with biennial applications of different organic waste products (OWPs)—biowaste compost (BIO), farmyard manure (FYM), and urban sewage sludge (SLU)—and compares them to combinations of the same OWPs with mineral fertilizers. The cumulative effects of repeated OWP applications, paired with two nitrogen sources—organic (digestate) and chemical (mineral fertilizer)—were assessed through soil physicochemical and microbial analyses. We hypothesized that the combined effect varied according to the N-supply sources and that this effect also depended on the type of OWP applied. Soil microbial communities were characterized using high-throughput sequencing targeting 16S and 18S ribosomal RNA genes, following DNA extraction from soil samples collected in 2022, six years after the initial digestate application. Results The results indicated that combining OWPs rich in stable and recalcitrant organic matter, such as BIO and FYM, with raw digestate, offers an improved fertilization practice. This approach maintains soil organic carbon (SOC) levels, increases soil phosphorus and potassium content, and stimulates microbial communities differently than nitrogen supplied via mineral fertilizers. While microbial biomass showed no significant variation across treatments, microbial diversity indices exhibited differences based on the type of OWP and nitrogen source. The fertilization strategies moderately influenced prokaryotic and fungal community structures, with distinct patterns depending on the OWP and nitrogen source. Notably, fungal communities responded more strongly to treatment variations than prokaryotic communities. Discussion This study provides new insights into the cumulative effects of substituting mineral fertilizers with digestates on soil microbial communities and soil physicochemical parameters. The sustainable development of agroecosystems significantly depends on a better understanding of the complex responses of soil microbial communities to different fertilization regimes. Future research should continue to assess the long-term impact of digestate application on soil microbiota in real agronomic field conditions, considering associated agricultural practices
Erratum to: “Statistical test for an urn model with random multidrawing and random addition” [Stochastic Process. Appl. 158 (2023) 342-360]
No full textInternational audienceWe complete the study of the model introduced in a previous paper by the same authors. It is a two-color urn model with multiple drawing and random (non-balanced) time-dependent reinforcement matrix. The number of sampled balls at each time-step is random. We identify the exact rates at which the number of balls of each color grows to infinity and define two strongly consistent estimators for the limiting reinforcement averages. Then we prove a Central Limit Theorem, which allows to design a statistical test for such averages
Des Jumeaux Numériques d'Enseignement : entre instrument et finalité de l'acte éducatif
No full textInternational audienceIn line with the development of industrial Digital Twins (DTs), training has become a targeted application field for the development of Educational Digital Twins (EDTs). Based on a study on the introduction of an EDT in an engineering training program, this article aims to understand to what extent the EDT can be used as a pedagogical tool, serving a dual function as both an instrument and an educational objective. The analysis is primarily qualitative, relying on observations of activities and interviews with teachers, learners, and key stakeholders, complemented by questionnaires. The results discuss the transformations brought about by EDTs, their benefits, and their limitations from the perspective of both teachers and learners. They reveal that many debates initiated in the 1980s regarding the role of technology in culture and education remain relevant today and resonate with current concerns.Dans la continuité des Jumeaux Numériques (JN) industriels, la formation est devenue un champ d’application visé par le développement de Jumeaux Numériques d’Enseignement (JNE). À partir d’une étude sur l’introduction d’un JNE dans une formation d’ingénieurs, cet article se propose de comprendre dans quelle mesure le JNE peut être instrumenté comme objet pédagogique dans une double fonction d’instrument et de finalité de l’acte éducatif. L’analyse est essentiellement qualitative, sur la base d’observations de l’activité et d’entretiens avec des enseignants, des apprenants et des acteurs clefs, complétée par des questionnaires. Les résultats discutent les transformations induites par les JNE, leurs apports et limites du point de vue des enseignants et des apprenants. Ils montrent que de nombreux chantiers ouverts dans les années 1980 sur la place de la technique dans la culture et dans la formation sont toujours d’actualité et résonnent avec les préoccupations actuelles
Correction to: Main conclusions and perspectives from the collective scientific assessment of the effects of plant protection products on biodiversity and ecosystem services along the land–sea continuum in France and French overseas territories
No full textInternational audienceThe default Competing Interests statement has been published when in fact the following information is missing:Since 2022, Stéphane Pesce has held the position of Vice-Chairman of the evertéa Foundation, which since 2013 has been chaired by Philippe Garrigues, Editor-in-Chief of Environmental Science and Pollution Research. These Vice-Chairman and Chairmanship functions are performed on a purely voluntary basis, with no compensation of any kind. Stéphane Pesce co-authored this article as part of his role as scientific lead for the collective scientific assessment on the effects of plant protection products on biodiversity and ecosystem services along the land–sea continuum in France and French overseas territories, on which this work is based. The other authors declare no competing interests