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    OPTIR : infrared microspectroscopy for advancedcharacterization of microorganisms

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    International audienceL'UMR PAM, Procédés Alimentaires et Microbiologiques, est une unité de recherche ayant pour objet de comprendre les phénomènes physiques, chimiques et microbiologiques qui déterminent la qualité des aliments. Son objectif est de développer de nouveaux procédés pour améliorer la qualité et la sécurité alimentaire. Adossé à l’UMR PAM, le site imagerie spectroscopique de la plateforme académique Dimacell met à disposition de la communauté scientifique un microscope basé sur une technique de spectroscopie vibrationnelle novatrice, l’OPTIR (Optical Photo Thermal Infra Red spectroscopy). La mesure OPTIR utilise l’effet photothermique induit à la surface d'un échantillon lorsque la longueur d'onde infrarouge correspond à l’énergie d’un mode de vibration. Cet effet photothermique est mesuré à l'aide d'un laser de sonde, de longueur d’onde dans le visible, focalisé à la surface de l'échantillon. L’OPTIR permet des mesures de spectroscopie IR, ainsi que la réalisation d'images chimiques d'absorption infrarouge, avec une résolution spatiale indépendante de la longueur d'onde d’absorption, submicronique, identique à celle de l'imagerie photonique. C’est une technologie qui donne ainsi accès à des mesures sur microorganismes à l’échelle de la cellule unique. Il est également possible de faire une analyse Raman en simultané et d’utiliser la fluorescence pour localiser des structures d’intérêt. Ce poster présente la mise en œuvre de cette technique d'imagerie spectroscopique émergente ainsi que son potentiel d’application à la caractérisation et l’identification de microorganismes d’intérêt (bactéries, levures, spores).

    Entre récit et navigation : mise en intrigue dynamique de l’expérience à l’aide d’un environnement virtuel à des fins de formation

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    International audienceThis article investigates the course-of-experience of newly certified professionals using the “Navigation-Récit” learning system. This system is designed to support their first interventions in a high-risk industrial facility. Participants are invited to recount a significant episode from these early experiences while navigating a virtual environment built from 360° photographs of real workspaces. This narrative phase is followed by a reflective phase, where participants analyze their past actions and project themselves into future work situations. Findings highlight a strong interplay between the virtual navigation and the narrative. This interplay gives rise to a distinctive experience described as a “dynamic emplotment.” The discussion frames this process through Ricoeur’s threefold temporality, exploring its role in knowledge construction. A central paradox emerges : the realistic visualization of the worksite fosters immediate immersion while simultaneously enabling reflective distancing from lived experience. This leads to a “temporal reconfiguration of experience.” This “productive distance,” central to the dynamic emplotment process, appears as a powerful lever for professional development. Finally, the conclusion offers perspectives on adapting the system for distance learning contexts.Cet article analyse le cours d’expérience de professionnels récemment habilités dans le cadre du dispositif « Navigation-Récit », conçu pour accompagner leurs premières interventions dans un bâtiment industriel à risques. Les participants y racontent un épisode marquant de leurs premières interventions, en navigant dans un environnement virtuel construit à partir de photos 360°. Cette phase de narration est suivie d’une phase de réflexivité, durant laquelle les participants analysent l’intervention passée et se projettent dans des situations de travail futures. Les résultats révèlent une articulation étroite entre la navigation dans l’environnement virtuel et le récit et mettent en lumière une expérience originale, qualifiée de « mise en intrigue dynamique ». La discussion met en perspective cette expérience avec la triple temporalité de Ricoeur et examine son rôle dans la construction de connaissances. Un paradoxe central émerge : la visualisation réaliste des lieux favorise non seulement une immersion immédiate, mais permet également une mise à distance réflexive du vécu, ouvrant la voie à une reconfiguration temporelle de l’expérience. Cette « distance productive », émerge comme un levier pour le développement professionnel. Enfin, des perspectives d’adaptation du dispositif à des formations à distance sont proposées en conclusion

    Development of a methodological handbook to co-design cropping systems for sustainable weed management

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    COPRAA : Knowledge and tools for preventive and operational approaches to agroecological weedy plant managementInternational audienceA new paradigm is needed for long-term weed management to shift from a tactical, one-off vision to a systemic, multi-year one. This transition requires the mobilization of various methodological frameworks and specific tools to support agricultural stakeholders, including farmers, in their changes of practice. A methodological guide has been developed to support the implementation of changes in weed management practices over the long term. The guide is based on different experiences of implementing a co-design approach for cropping systems, using various expert models. It is intended for advisors, organizers and experimenters wishing to rethink their cropping systems. It describes the entire method, the tools used and the main associated knowledge required for the process. It is unique in that it offers different versions of the approach, to suit the different situations of future users: Expert, Intermediate and Fast. The main stages in the construction of the guide are presented, along with thoughts on how it will be disseminated and how it will be used

    Chapter 11 : Conclusion

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    International audienceThe invention of the accounting farmer, as described in the chapters collected in this volume, is a twofold concept. On the one hand, it encompasses common traits shared by prescriptive models elaborated by agricultural experts and ideologues in the early modern and modern periods. Writers of agricultural handbooks, teachers, and politicians addressing rural constituencies imagined that the future of agriculture had no place for ignorant peasants and idle landowners. Only those who accurately managed their land would survive and thrive

    Chapter 7 : Women that Count: The Missing Link in the Modernization of Agriculture in Nineteenth-Century France

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    International audienceWomen have an undeniable role in the prosperity of the farm, albeit one that is difficult to define. It is certainly for this reason that the agents of agricultural progress never entirely ignored women, with at least some writers in all periods taking up the pen to educate ‘the gentler sex’ in their role on the farm. For if women participated actively in the production and reproduction of farm capital, why should they not be instructed, like their husbands, in methods to increase the profitability of their own activities and those of the family as a whole? Why not train..

    Ce que l’(agro)écologisation des projets de recherche produit sur différentes catégories professionnelles et leurs interactions au sein d’INRAE : étude de cas à partir du projet LAPOESIE

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    International audienceThis case study aims to examine how agro-ecological and interdisciplinary framework transforms research objects and recomposes professional identities within the French national research institute INRAE. We are interested in how the project affects the staff of two "specialized" research units, one in plant production (fruit arboriculture), the other in animal production (rabbit farming). In line with science and technology studies, the article shows on the one hand that people committed to agroecology develop "deviant" research practices in relation to their disciplinary scientific socializations, and on the other hand face institutional obstacles linked to the organization of the institute and the compartmentalization between plant and animal production. The project's agro-ecological and interdisciplinary framework thus generates a number of shifts, frictions and recompositions leading to changes in the way research is perceived and carried out as well as the professions associated with it.À travers une étude de cas, nous proposons d’aborder la transition agroécologique sous l’angle de l’évolution des objets de recherche et de la recomposition des identités professionnelles qu’elle produit au sein de l'Institut national de recherche pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (INRAE) en France. Nous nous intéressons ainsi à la manière dont le projet affecte les agents de deux unités de recherche « spécialisées », l’une en productions végétales (arboriculture fruitière), l’autre en productions animales (cuniculture). S’inscrivant dans une perspective de sociologie des sciences et des techniques, l’article montre d'une part que les agents engagés dans la voie de l’agroécologie développent des pratiques de recherche « déviantes » au regard de leurs socialisations scientifiques disciplinaires et, d'autre part, qu'ils font face à des obstacles institutionnels liés à l’organisation de l’institut et au cloisonnement structurel entre productions végétales et animales. Le cadre de travail agroécologique et interdisciplinaire du projet génère ainsi un certain nombre de décalages, frictions et recompositions conduisant à des évolutions dans les manières de percevoir et d’exercer la recherche ainsi que les métiers qui y sont associés

    Impacts sur la santé publique de la dynamique des populations de renards

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    Opinion and report approved by the Expert Committee Socio-economic analysis in its plenary session on 11 May 2023 and the Expert Committee Animal health and welfare (CES SABA) in its plenary session on 06 June 2023. The French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety provides independent scientific opinions and reports. The original version of the ANSES opinion and report in French is available on the website of ANSES at https://www.anses.fr/fr/system/files/SABA2022SA0049Ra.pdf.Suggested citation: ANSES. (2023). Avis et rapport de l'Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail relatif à l'évaluation des impacts sur la santé publique de la dynamique des populations de renards (Saisine 2022-SA-0049). Maisons-Alfort: ANSES, 200 p.International audienceThe Red Fox (Vulpes vulpes) can be hunted as a game species. It may also be listed as a “species likely to cause damage” (ESOD – the acronym in French), for public health reasons among others. Conversely, benefits linked to the presence of foxes are also put forward, such as the predation of rodents carrying zoonotic agents. In this context, ANSES was asked to: (1) list the zoonoses present in France for which foxes play an epidemiological role, (2) identify other public health impacts associated with changes in fox populations, (3) explain the relative importance of the effects of changes in fox populations for humans and/or the environment, (4) analyse the feasibility of a cost‐benefit analysis (CBA) of the prevention and impacts associated with these zoonoses. In France, the fox is a source of zoonotic pathogens, with a major role for Echinococcus multilocularis, a parasite for which the fox is the main source of environmental contamination. However, reducing fox populations does not reduce the risk of transmission of E. multilocularis to humans or domestic animals, and may even have the opposite effect to the one intended. The main levers for action are those relating to exposure to environmental contamination. The fox is part of complex trophic networks, in which its specific role in regulating prey populations is impossible to determine because (i) several predators share the same prey, with a variable role for the fox among the predators, (ii) the dynamics of prey populations is also conditioned by factors other than predation. The relationship between the abundance of rodents and the risk of disease for humans has not been demonstrated either, due to the complexity of the trophic and epidemiological networks, their highly probable variability from one ecosystem to another, and the multiplicity of hosts. As a result, the data currently available does not allow any conclusions to be drawn about the epidemiological role of the fox as a predator of rodents hosting zoonotic agents. Finally, there is no public health justification for culling foxes, particularly for ESOD classification, except in the very specific and localised context of the fight against bovine tuberculosis, for which the selective culling of foxes in and around the livestock buildings of a domestic outbreak has been proposed. In addition, the expertise concluded to the feasibility of a CBA targeted at assessing the burden of alveolar echinococcosis and measures to prevent its transmission. The feasibility study shows the partial nature of a CBA targeting zoonoses, without taking into account other roles played by the fox in the ecosystem

    Faire dire le travail aux apprentis : l'activité d'ingénieurs pédagogiques dans un dispositif de retour d'expérience en école d'ingénieur

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    International audienceThis article analyzes the implementation of a workplace experience feedback system (or REX in French)integrated into a work-study engineering program in the field of agri-food sciences. Led by instructional designers withno professional or subject-specific expertise, this task involved co-constructing both the system and their emergingprofessional identity. Based on classroom observations and interviews, the study - grounded in professional didactics -highlights the work carried out to elicit apprentices' experiential knowledge and shows how these situations alsocontribute to the facilitators’ own professional development.Cet article analyse l’animation d’un dispositif de retour d’expériences (REX) intégré à une formationd’ingénieur agroalimentaire en alternance. Confiée à des ingénieures pédagogiques sans expertise métier nidisciplinaire, cette mission implique la co-construction du dispositif et du rôle professionnel associé. À partird’observations de séances et d’entretiens, l’étude, inscrite en didactique professionnelle, met en lumière le travail menépour faire émerger les expériences des apprentis, tout en montrant comment ces situations contribuent à la constructionprofessionnelle des animatrices

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