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Le culte des morts en ligne :étude préliminaire de deux sites internet chinois.Questions méthodologiques et éthiques
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Interactions between microbial diversity and corrosion product of carbon steel immerged in natural seawater at the limit of the low tide level
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Linking Ecotoxicology to Behavior and Population Dynamics in fish: Exploring Swimming, Predation, and Modeling
No full textInternational audienceUnderstanding how sublethal contaminant effects scale up to impact fish populations remains a key challenge in ecotoxicology. In this exploratory study, we propose a conceptual approach linking behavioral impairment to population dynamics using ivermectin (IVM) exposure in freshwater migratory neotropical characiform Prochilodus lineatus. Juveniles of P. lineatus were exposed for 15 days to environmentally relevant concentrations of IVM (0.5 and 1.5 µg•L⁻¹), and escape performance was assessed via maximum swimming speed (MSS) during a predator-avoidance response. A significant reduction in MSS was detected at 0.5 µg•L⁻¹. A logistic model was then used to estimate predator capture probability from normalized MSS, and this relationship was integrated into a Virtual Population Analysis (VPA) by adjusting natural mortality. Under this scenario, population trajectories showed an accelerated decline, particularly in early years, compared to a no-IVM baseline. While simplified, this framework demonstrates how behavioral endpoints can be used to generate first-order approximations of demographic consequences. Rather than offering a formal risk assessment, our goal is to illustrate a transferable and hypothesis-driven method that connects individual-level toxicological effects with ecological outcomes. Given the widespread use of IVM in floodplain cattle production and the ecological relevance of P. lineatus, this case highlights the potential of sublethal contaminants to alter fish population and stocks. The framework may serve as a starting point for integrating behavioral biomarkers into population-level models in support of environmental assessment and decision-making, especially in data-limited contexts.</div
Introduction historique au droit (3e éd.)
No full textInternational audienceUne présentation chronologique de l'évolution du droit, du Proche-Orient ancien jusqu'au XIXe siècle
Grands principes du droit constitutionnel (5e éd.)
No full textInternational audienceLes points essentiels du droit constitutionnel tels qu'abordés en cours magistral et en travaux dirigés
Discordant population structure inferred from male- and female-type mtDNAs from Macoma balthica, a bivalve species characterized by doubly uniparental inheritance of mitochondria
No full textInternational audienceDoubly Uniparental Inheritance (DUI) of mitochondria is a remarkable exception to the Strictly Maternal Inheritance (SMI) in metazoans. In species characterized by DUI -almost exclusively gonochoric bivalve mollusks -females (F) transmit mitochondria to offspring of both sexes, while males (M) pass on their mitochondria exclusively to their sons. Under DUI, males are heteroplasmic, somatic tissues containing F-transmitted mtDNA and gametic cells containing M-transmitted mtDNAs. The aforementioned transmission routes make M-and F-transmitted mtDNA interesting as sex-specific markers which can differ in their effective population sizes, mutation rates, and selective constraints. For these reasons, looking at both markers can provide significant insights into the genetic structure of populations and investigate its determinants. In this study, we document differences in genetic diversity, divergence, inter-populational differentiation, and biogeographic structure between M-and F-type cox1 mt genes in the Baltic tellin (Macoma balthica) to test whether cox1m and cox1f genes bear the marks of similar phylogeographic histories. These markers were sequenced for 302 male individuals sampled from the North Sea to the Gironde Estuary (Southern France) encompassing the intra-subspecific M. b. rubra hybrid zone in the Gulf of Saint-Malo. Both genes supported a scenario of cladogenesis of M.b. rubra clades prior to the last glacial maximum. Nucleotide diversity and net divergence were over twice higher in cox1m compared to cox1f. Genetic differentiation between northern and southern populations was nearly 3 times higher at cox1m compared to cox1f (global ΦST = 0.345 and 0.126 respectively) and the geographic localization of the strongest genetic break significantly differed between the markers (Finistère Peninsula at cox1f; Cotentin Peninsula at cox1m, ~250 km apart). A higher mutation rate, relaxed negative selection, and differences in effective population sizes (depending on locations) at cox1m could explain differences in population genetic structure. As both F-and M-type mtDNAs interact with nuclear genes for oxidative phosphorylation and ATP production, geographical discordances in genetic clines in a context of secondary contact could be linked to mito-nuclear genetic incompatibilities
Experimental Design Approach for Modeling Acid-Catalyzed IVDV Pretreatment of Hemp Hurds (Cannabis sativa L.): Structural Modification Assessments
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la naissance de la sinologie française : L'étude et la recherche du chinois par les savants français au XVIIIe siècle
No full textInternational audienceCette journée d’études sur « La sinologie d’hier et les études chinoises d’aujourd’hui » a pour objectif de revenir sur L’émergence de la sinologie française et la contribution des pionniers français dans la construction de la sinologie comme discipline à part entière et son évolution dans le monde académique. Les études chinoises constituent un domaine académique en pleine expansion, Cependant, ces dernières années, l'intérêt pour la Chine, sa culture, son économie, et son influence géopolitique ont considérablement augmenté en France. Cela s'est traduit par un développement des études chinoises dans les universités et les centres de recherche
Integrative taxonomy reveals further hidden diversity of Marphysa (Polychaeta: Eunicidae) in European Atlantic and Mediterranean waters
No full textInternational audienceAbstract Marphysa (Polychaeta: Eunicidae) is represented in the Mediterranean by M. aegypti, M. birgeri, and M. chirigota. Previous reports of M. sanguinea are doubtful, because it has a confirmed distribution around the southern English coasts (NE European Atlantic). In this study, we combine morphological and molecular (using 16S rDNA and cytochrome c oxidase I) analyses to reveal for the first time the presence of M. gaditana in the NW Mediterranean (Gulf of Tunis, Tunisia) and to substantiate its presence along the Atlantic coasts of France—previously relying solely on molecular data—drawing on specimens collected in Arcachon Bay and Oléron Island. Our findings also allow us to describe a new species of Marphysa from the Mediterranean coasts of southern France, namely Marphysa gili Martin and Romano, sp. nov., based only on morphological data. Our research highlights previously overlooked diversity within Marphysa on Atlantic and Mediterranean European coasts, thus contributing to the growing series of recent rigorous taxonomic studies that are challenging the historical tendency to merely report ‘M. sanguinea’ without a thorough taxonomic examination or when undertaking physiological, reproductive, or resource management studies on ‘M. sanguinea’ without questioning the appropriateness of using this species’ name
La représentation de Confucius en France au Siècle des Lumières
No full textInternational audienceLe Siècle des Lumières, où naît une nouvelle façon de ‘’penser la société’’, cherche dans de multiples directions, des idées, voire des modèles qui l’aideront à réformer et à perfectionner le système politique français. Nous connaissons par exemple, le succès qu’ont eu les conceptions anglaises auprès des philosophes. Mais voici qu’apparaît, sous la plume des missionnaires français, la description d’une société nouvelle.Le but de cette communication est de montrer que, tout au long du XVIIIe siècle, les écrits des missionnaires français, et plus spécialement « Lettres édifiantes et curieuses », ainsi que la somme encyclopédique de Du Halde, demeurent la principale source d’information des intellectuels qui cherchent à « penser la Chine », qu’ils soient sensibles à l’Empire de Chine ou qu’ils adoptent à son égard une attitude plus critique. Nous étudierons progressivement, dans cette optique, les positions adoptés par les missionnaires de Pékin à l’égard de Confucius, puis l’écho de ces sources missionnaires chez les intellectuels, notamment dans les œuvres de Voltaire, représentant des Lumières