Journals UITM University of Information Technology and Management
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Book Review: Libertarian Autobiographies: Moving Toward Freedom in Today’s World.: Edited by Jo Ann Cavallo and Walter E. Block. Palgrave Macmillan, 2023
Get PDFEdited by Jo Ann Cavallo and Walter E. Block. Palgrave Macmillan, 202
Why is the Teleological Argument so Popular?
Get PDFWhy are teleological arguments based on biological phenomena so popular? My explanation is that teleological properties are presented in our experiences of biological phenomena. I contrast this with the view that the attribution of teleological properties to biological phenomena takes place at an intellective level – via inference, and as belief or similar propositional attitude. I suggest five ways in which the experiential view is the better explanation for the popularity of such teleological arguments. Experiential attributions are more easy, impactful, and implastic. The experiential view accommodates cases of conflicting attributions, and it makes sense of the readiness with which we follow such teleological arguments. I respond to objections and explain how my view builds on existing answers to this question found in the philosophical literature
Legal Gaps and their Logical Forms
Get PDFThe concept of legal gap is tackled from a number of logical perspectives and semantic methods. After presenting our own goal (Section 1), a first introduction into legal logic refers to Bobbio’s works and his formalization of legal statements (Sections 2 and 3). Then Woleński’s contribution to the area is taken into account through his reference to the distinction between two juridical systems (viz. Common Law vs Civil Law) and the notion of conditional norms (Section 4). The notion of reason is also highlighted in the case of Raz’s legal logic, thereby leading to a future connection with von Wright’s logic of truth and an analogy made with an anti-realist reading of truth-values and norms (Section 5). Our personal contribution is introduced through a reflection on how logic should deal with the logical form of norms (Section 6), before entering a number of crucial definitions and distinctions for the concepts of norm, legal statement, and promulgation (Section 7). The final point is a proposed semantics for legal statements, which is both many-valued and gap-friendly (Section 8). A distinction between a number of requirements for permission and forbiddance leads to a set of non-classical juridical systems in which non-permission and forbiddance are not equivalent with each other any more; this does justice to Woleński’s former distinction between Common Law and Civil Law, also leading ultimately to a non-classical square of legal oppositions in which several legal operators may collapse into other ones (Section 9)
Neural Networks in Legal Theory
Get PDFThis article explores the domain of legal analysis and its methodologies, emphasising the significance of generalisation in legal systems. It discusses the process of generalisation in relation to legal concepts and the development of ideal concepts that form the foundation of law. The article examines the role of logical induction and its similarities with semantic generalisation, highlighting their importance in legal decision-making. It also critiques the formaldeductive approach in legal practice and advocates for more adaptable models, incorporating fuzzy logic, non-monotonic defeasible reasoning, and artificial intelligence. The potential application of neural networks, specifically deep learning algorithms, in legal theory is also discussed. The article discusses how neural networks encode legal knowledge in their synaptic connections, while the syllogistic model condenses legal information into axioms. The article also highlights how neural networks assimilate novel experiences and exhibit evolutionary progression, unlike the deductive model of law. Additionally, the article examines the historical and theoretical foundations of jurisprudence that align with the basic principles of neural networks. It delves into the statistical analysis of legal phenomena and theories that view legal development as an evolutionary process. The article then explores Friedrich Hayek’s theory of law as an autonomous self-organising system and its compatibility with neural network models. It concludes by discussing the implications of Hayek’s theory on the role of a lawyer and the precision of neural networks
THE PROMOTION OF VEGANISM BY INFLUENCERS. A CASE STUDY OF SELECTED INSTAGRAM PROFILES
Get PDFSocial media functions as a space for various activities, not only in the personal or business dimension, they are also a tool for promoting important ideas. Social media can be used by both institutions and private individuals – especially influencers who reach a wide audience with their message. The article discusses the issue of the promotion of veganism by (social) influencers. The author analyses, in a form of a case study, selected Instagram profiles in terms of content and form of messages in order to do this. The starting point for the considerations is the characteristics of social media (with particular emphasis on Instagram) and the explanation of the term influencer and other related issues. The article also introduces the issue of the multidimensionality of veganism
COLOR AS A TOOL FOR CONVEYING INFORMATION IN INFOGRAPHICS
Get PDFColor is a powerful tool that can be used to influence our emotions, behavior and perception ofthe world. Therefore, color has not only an aesthetic function, but it can also fulfill certain purposes. In addition to the symbolic transmission of information, it can help organize content or draw attention of recipients to specific elements. This is one of the key components that build an infographic. The importance of color in information graphics and some of the mechanisms of its effect are described in this article. Examples of infographics showing the importance of appropriate colors in practice are also analyzed. Colors can be used to highlight the most important information, grab the reader’s attention, and make the data easier to understand. Properly selected colors can make the infographic more engaging
A Study on How Age Sensitivity Moderates the Learning of New Health Behaviors via Social Media Platforms
Get PDFThe objective of this study was to analyze the moderation effect of Age Sensitivity on the relationship between Cognitive Factors and Self-Regulation of social media users in learning new health behaviors via social media platforms in Sub-Sahara Africa.The study adopted a cross-sectional research design where data were collected and analyzed at one point in time. In line with the requirements of cross-sectional design, quantitative research methods were used to collect, analyze and present the findings. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, regressions, modegraphs, and confirmatory analysis in structural equation modelling.Results reveal that the moderation effect of Age Sensitivity is high. Inversely, the moderation effect is low when Age Sensitivity is low. Therefore, high Age Sensitivity will influence Cognitive Factors to create high Self-Regulation of social media users in learning new health behaviors via social media platforms in Sub-Sahara Africa. We learn that individuals with strong beliefs become more self-regulated once they become age-sensitive.Given that Self-Regulation positively influences health behavior, we are confident that the moderation effect of Age Sensitivity in the relationship between Cognitive Factors and Self-Regulation results in positive learning. Therefore, it is important for social media developers to enhance the knowledge of their users. At the same time, they should be mindful of users’ beliefs and ages when packaging health-related content. This will promote information acceptance and consumption, thereby helping to change the Health Behaviors of social media users positively
Between commerce and mission: the case of TRUSO.TV, a local television station
Get PDFTopics covered by local media will always have their own audience. One of the advantages of local media is the ability to create content specifically formatted for Internet users (e.g., live broadcasts or video content). It can be assumed that both the value and quality of the presented information depend on the journalistic skill level of the local editorial team. The way new media are handled reflects the state of traditional media. Those with an established reputation that has been built over years of fulfilling a social mission do not need to fear new technologies but should instead view them as an addition and a way to build credibility and trust among new viewers.New media allow local stations to engage audiences in local community affairs, providing diverse content (cultural, educational, sports and entertainment programmes) that responds to a wide range of audience interests. This is evident in the case of TRUSO.TV, which produces a variety of content formats. Local television stations require constant funding, typically supported by advertisements from local businesses. However, the current media consumption trends may affect the effectiveness of these advertisements.This article has attempted to demonstrate that a local television station with a long-standing tradition does not need to fear losing its audience. Despite the growing importance of new media, local broadcasters play a crucial role in local communication. It should be noted, however, that the conclusions regarding TRUSO.TV cannot be extrapolated to cable television stations in other cities. Elbląg is where television has existed for 30 years, giving it a brand and recognition among its residents, which may facilitate fulfilling its mission
ENVIRONMENTAL, SOCIAL, AND GOVERNANCE (ESG) SCORES AND EARNINGS MANAGEMENT IN TELECOMMUNICATION COMPANIES: AN INTERNATIONAL PERSPECTIVE
Get PDFThis study investigates the relationship between environmental, social, and governance (ESG) scores and potential tendencies to manipulate the earnings of telecommunication companies. We assumed a negative relationship between ESG scores and earnings management since the companies with higher ESG are more responsible and expected to prevent manipulation. We used ESG scores from Refinitiv as sustainability measures and discretionary accruals as the indicator of earnings management. We constructed models assuming a bilateral relationship between ESG and earnings. The results reveal that companies with higher environmental scores have higher dispersion from normal accruals; this may result for two reasons in our anticipation: they may record more accruals depending on environmental regulations and may use environmental scores to make up their earnings. Social and governance scores have a negative impact on discretionary accruals, which are insignificant. Hence companies with higher social responsiveness and strong governance produce reliable financial information
EVALUATION OF TECHNICAL EFFICIENCY IN FINANCIAL DIMENSION OF PRIVATE MEDICAL ENTITIES IN PODKARPACKIE VOIVODSHIP – DEA APPROACH
Get PDFThe major aim of this paper is to assess technical efficiency of private medical entities. Technical efficiency refers to the capacity of a medical entity to obtain the maximum output for a particular set of inputs. The article presents results of research study on technical efficiency of 33 medical entities using the Data Envelopment Analysis method (DEA) which allows the use of multiple inputs/outputs without imposing any functional form on data or making assumptions of inefficiency. The research study was carried out in years 2011-2016 on medical entities from Podkarpackie voivodship. The analysis was conducted based on the CCR input-oriented model