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Adenoviral infections in Singapore: should new antiviral therapies and vaccines be adopted?
No full textThe Journal of Infectious Diseases, Volume 221, Issue 4, 15 February 2020, Pages 566–577.Background: A number of serious human adenovirus (HAdV) outbreaks have been recently reported: HAdV-B7 (Israel, Singapore, and USA), HAdV-B7d (USA and China), HAdV-D8, -D54, and -C2 (Japan), HAdV-B14p1 (USA, Europe, and China), and HAdV-B55 (China, Singapore, and France). Methods: To understand the epidemiology of HAdV infections in Singapore, we studied 533 HAdV-positive clinical samples collected from 396 pediatric and 137 adult patients in Singapore from 2012 to 2018. Genome sequencing and phylogenetic analyses were performed to identify HAdV genotypes, clonal clusters, and recombinant or novel HAdVs. Results: The most prevalent genotypes identified were HAdV-B3 (35.6%), HAdV-B7 (15.4%), and HAdV-E4 (15.2%). We detected 4 new HAdV-C strains and detected incursions with HAdV-B7 (odds ratio [OR], 14.6; 95% confidence interval [CI], 4.1-52.0) and HAdV-E4 (OR, 13.6; 95% CI, 3.9-46.7) among pediatric patients over time. In addition, immunocompromised patients (adjusted OR [aOR], 11.4; 95% CI, 3.8-34.8) and patients infected with HAdV-C2 (aOR, 8.5; 95% CI, 1.5-48.0), HAdV-B7 (aOR, 3.7; 95% CI, 1.2-10.9), or HAdV-E4 (aOR, 3.2; 95% CI, 1.1-8.9) were at increased risk for severe disease. Conclusions: Singapore would benefit from more frequent studies of clinical HAdV genotypes to identify patients at risk for severe disease and help guide the use of new antiviral therapies, such as brincidofovir, and potential administration of HAdV 4 and 7 vaccine
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No full textFree Little Library at Massachusetts Avenue and 13th Street SE with a card offering errand assistance to essential workers or those at high risk of contracting COVID-19
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No full textSign on a lamp post at 10th and C Streets SE with a picture of a rainbow. The sign reads, 'HOPE' and 'Look for more rainbows!
New insights into the chemical composition of five Oort cloud comets after re-analysis of their infrared spectra
No full textAstronomical Journal, Volume 159, Issue 4, April 2020, Article number 157.We present revised results for the main molecular species in five Oort Cloud comets observed with near-infrared echelle grating spectrometer (NIRSPEC) at the Keck Observatory between 1999 and 2012 (C/1999 S4 (LINEAR), C/2001 A2 (LINEAR), C/2007 W1 (Boattini), C/2012 F6 (Lemmon), and C/2012 S1 (ISON)). The re-evaluation of these data shows the improvement of results in some of the data sets, in particular for comets observed and analyzed before the advent of new and revised fluorescence models and terrestrial retrieval methods introduced since 2011. We observe significant improvements in the resulting rotational temperatures and the production rates for all species, and in mixing ratios of minor species (relative to water). The re-analysis also allowed us to quantify species not analyzed previously, mostly due to the lack of molecular models (e.g., ammonia and formaldehyde). We note, however, that the improvement of these revised values is less substantial for comets observed (and/or analyzed) since 2010
Habiles and Cooperari: The Exercise of the Power of Governance in the Life of the Church by the Clerics and the Laity under Canon 129
No full text“Can the laity exercise the power of governance in the life of the Church?” This question perhaps can best sum up the ongoing challenge that continues to divide countless prominent canonists and theologians in the Catholic Church. Understanding the precise relationship between the power of sacred orders (habiles) and the power of governance (jurisdiction) vis-a-vis understanding what it means for the laity to cooperate (cooperari) in the same power in light of canon 129 of the present code is not just timely but also a critical undertaking.The paper is an analysis of the exercise of the power of governance in the Catholic Church by the clerics and the laity per prescript of canon 129 of the 1983 Code of Canon Law. Other pertinent provisions in both the 1917 and 1983 codes, relevant Church documents, and commentaries and works of major Church canonists.Canon lawcanon 129, canon law, clerics, jurisdiction, laity, power of governanceCanon LawDegree Awarded: J.C.L. Canon Law. The Catholic University of Americ
Three Essays on Wealth and Racial Inequality
No full textRacial inequality and wealth are inextricably linked. Wealth gaps are an important dimension of racial inequality. In addition, wealth itself plays a causal role in other dimensions of inequality, including unequal labor market and education outcomes. In the first essay, I estimate the effect of access to extended family wealth on college enrollment and I find a positive relationship. This is important for higher education policies that aim to reduce inequality but fail to account for race and wealth. In the second essay, I estimate the effect of Medicaid on individual assets. Whereas economic theory in the literature predicts a negative effect, I develop a framework that shows how public insurance can increase savings and I present empirical evidence against a negative effect. Finally, the third essay develops an analytical framework called Latinx stratification economics by reviewing the main economic theories applied to Latinxs and demonstrating how stratification economics and Latinx studies may be used to critique the dominant theories.EconomicsEconomicsDegree Awarded: Ph.D. Economics. American Universit
Modeling the relative role of human mobility, land-use and climate factors on dengue outbreak emergence in Sri Lanka
No full textBMC Infectious Diseases, Volume 20, Issue 1, 3 September 2020, Article number 649.Background: More than 80,000 dengue cases including 215 deaths were reported nationally in less than 7 months between 2016 and 2017, a fourfold increase in the number of reported cases compared to the average number over 2010–2016. The region of Negombo, located in the Western province, experienced the greatest number of dengue cases in the country and is the focus area of our study, where we aim to capture the spatial-temporal dynamics of dengue transmission.
Methods: We present a statistical modeling framework to evaluate the spatial-temporal dynamics of the 2016–2017 dengue outbreak in the Negombo region of Sri Lanka as a function of human mobility, land-use, and climate patterns. The analysis was conducted at a 1 km × 1 km spatial resolution and a weekly temporal resolution.
Results: Our results indicate human mobility to be a stronger indicator for local outbreak clusters than land-use or climate variables. The minimum daily temperature was identified as the most influential climate variable on dengue cases in the region; while among the set of land-use patterns considered, urban areas were found to be most prone to dengue outbreak, followed by areas with stagnant water and then coastal areas. The results are shown to be robust across spatial resolutions.
Conclusions: Our study highlights the potential value of using travel data to target vector control within a region. In addition to illustrating the relative relationship between various potential risk factors for dengue outbreaks, the results of our study can be used to inform where and when new cases of dengue are likely to occur within a region, and thus help more effectively and innovatively, plan for disease surveillance and vector control
Center for Human Rights & Humanitarian Law annual report 2019-2020
No full textThis annual report highlights the Center's work and achievements that have been made possible by our students, staff, and faculty
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No full textExterior wide view of an Eastern Market entrance with signage noting modified opening and closing hours