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2019-07 Reducing maternal labor market detachment: a role for paid family leave
No full textDepartment of Economics, Working Paper Series, no. 2019-07. 44 pages.Nearly 30% of working women leave the labor force when they have a child. Access to paid family leave may allow some women to take temporary leave rather than quitting, which may have significant implications for their labor force participation in the long run. We test this hypothesis relying on two policy-based natural experiments: implementation of state-legislated paid family leave programs in California and New Jersey. We estimate an event-study difference-in-differences model comparing pre-to-post-policy trends in labor force participation between women with young children and women with no minor children in each state. We find that in the absence of paid leave, maternal labor market detachment is nearly 30% following a birth; it attenuates over time but remains significantly different from zero as much as eleven years later. We find that access to paid family leave at the time of a birth significantly increases labor market participation by more than 5% in the year of a birth; it attenuates over time but remains significantly different from zero as much as five years later. The impacts are the largest for women with higher educational attainment, indicating that paid leave policies induce the most productive workers to remain in the labor market
2019-04 Tariff rate pass-through: buyer power and product differentiation effects
No full textDepartment of Economics. Working Paper Series. no. 2019-04. 23 pages.The recent increase in trade tensions between the US and its primary trading partners has resulted in the imposition of tariffs and retaliatory tariffs. Economic theory would suggest the imposition of tariffs would result in price inflation and lower import volumes. However, there are a variety of other factors, such as product differentiation and imperfect competition that influence tariff rate pass-through levels. This study sheds light on the factors impacting tariff rate pass through by assessing the tariff rate elasticity of imports from 1996 to 2015 in two key manufacturing segments, electrical machinery and passenger vehicles. We find tariff rate pass-through rates are lower in more concentrated domestic product-markets as monopsony power enables buyers to lower the tariff pass-through rate or to push the burden of the tariff onto foreign suppliers. In addition, lower tariff rate pass-through rates prevail in more differentiated domestic product-markets, as quality variations reduce the likelihood that foreign sellers can fully pass along the tariff in terms of higher prices
2018-05 Privatisation de la Française des Jeux: une poussée de plus vers l’inégalité et l’insécurité
No full textDepartment of Economics. Working Paper Series no. 2018-05. 6 pages.La privatisation de la Francaise des Jeux (FdJ) a pour but de diminuer le d'eficit budgetaire et de permette la creation d'un fonds pour l'innovation. Toutefois les jeux de hasard ne sont pas des produits comme les autres : leur clientele la plus fidele sont les moins fortunes qui jouent davantage mesure que leurs revenus diminuent laissant ainsi a l'etat un pourcentage de leurs revenus superieur a celui des autres menages. La privatisation de la FdJ, qui conduirait a l'augmentation des offres et des occasions de jeux, ne ferait qu'aggraver une situation deja problematique
Cost, Cost-Effectiveness, and Cost-Benefit of Attachment Biobehavioral Catch-up (ABC)
No full textAttachment Biobehavioral Catch-up (ABC) is a home visiting program that teaches caregivers how to provide sensitive and nurturing care to their children (Dozier, 2010; Dozier & Bernard, 2019). Although the effectiveness of ABC has been evaluated previously, the intervention has yet to undergo an evaluation of its costs and cost-effectiveness. We assessed and compared costs of delivering ABC in research and real-world settings from four perspectives (client, provider, administrator, and overall). The current study found that ABC was significantly more costly from all four perspectives when delivered in a real-world setting (overall median: 1,661). When comparing costs of ABC to an active control intervention from a randomized controlled trial, ABC was significantly more expensive than the control intervention from only the administrative perspective, but not from the client, provider, and overall perspectives. With regard to effectiveness, results indicated that (a) caregivers receiving ABC significantly increased their sensitivity and nonintrusiveness from pre- to posttreatment, (b) children whose caregivers received ABC had significantly higher rates of organized attachment, and (c) children whose caregivers received ABC had marginally higher cortisol levels at wake-up and significantly steeper cortisol slope from wake-up to bedtime on Days 1 and 2 than children with caregivers who received Developmental Education for Families (DEF). No significant differences were found between ABC and DEF for children’s attachment security. Individual cost-effectiveness ratios examined costs of producing a one-unit change in ABC parenting skills as well as children’s cortisol slope. We also discussed a framework for conducting a cost-benefit analysis of ABC in the future. Results from the current study support the expansion of ABC, as it enhances stakeholders’ understanding of the value of resources essential for delivering ABC.Clinical psychologyABC, Attachment Biobehavioral Catch-up, cost, cost-effectiveness, effectiveness, home visiting programPsychologyDegree Awarded: Ph.D. Psychology. American Universit
Improving the measurement of transactional sex in sub-saharan Africa: a critical review
No full textJournal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes, Volume 80, Issue 4, 1 April 2019, Pages 367-374.Background: Transactional sex, or informal sexual exchange, is considered to be an important contributing factor to the disproportionately high HIV infection rates experienced by adolescent girls and young women in sub-Saharan Africa. Nonetheless, confusion remains over how best to define and measure this practice, hindering efforts to mitigate the role of transactional sex in the epidemic. We critically review current measures and offer evidence-based recommendations for improvement.Setting:Although transactional sex is practiced around the world, we focus attention on the definition and measurement of this practice in sub-Saharan Africa, given the role it plays in young women's risk of HIV in this region.Methods:We relied on both secondary and primary data sources. We draw on a systematic review of literature on transactional sex from sub-Saharan Africa and interview data from both key informants and cognitive interviews (n = 160) with young women (ages 14-24) and men (ages 18-35) in Uganda and Tanzania.Results:We find current measures are inconsistent, conflate transactional sex with sex work, and fail to capture the gendered nature of the practice. We provide an evidence-based definition of transactional sex that guides our measurement recommendations. We then detail the development of improved measures through cognitive interviews. Finally, we offer recommended approaches to improved measurement of transactional sex for women and men in large-scale surveys.Conclusions:Improved measures are critical for accurate estimation of the prevalence of transactional sex and assessment of the extent to which transactional sex determines HIV risk
Raising the bar: twenty-five years of strengthening human rights in Israel
No full textThis report was published in 2009 to mark the 25th anniversary of the Herman Schwartz Israel Human Rights Law Fellowship
Person wearing a mask walks on the National Mall
No full textA person wearing a mask walks on the National Mall with the United States Capitol building in the background
Sign on the sidewalk
No full textSign on the sidewalk on 16th Street SE that reads, 'Poll of the day: pizza or pasta? Please vote with a rock!' Piles of rocks are on either side of the sign
Child Effects in Early Childhood: A Longitudinal Analysis of Temperament and Parenting on Child and Maternal Outcomes
No full textThis dissertation investigated the evocative effects of difficult temperament on parenting and child and maternal outcomes across early childhood. A new construct, the maternal perceptual lens, which represents the bias in maternal report excluding aspects of temperament confirmed by a behavioral measure, was computed. The maternal perceptual lens was tested as a moderator between infants’ difficult temperament and parenting in toddlerhood (Empirical Study 1) as well as maternal parenting stress and child behavior problems at age 5 (Empirical Study 2). This dissertation was a secondary data analysis using the Temperament Over Time Study (TOTS) longitudinal dataset. The sample consisted of 291 mothers and their infants. Structural equation modeling revealed that the maternal perceptual lens may be a valuable construct in the development of parenting stress. Furthermore, parenting stress may help explain the relationship between the perceptual lens and child behavior problems. Implications regarding the maternal perceptual lens in maternal and child well-being research is explored.PsychologyChild Behavior Problems, Parenting, Parenting Stress, TemperamentPsychologyDegree Awarded: Ph.D. Psychology. The Catholic University of Americ
Structural vibration analysis for defect detection and classification in Frescos of the U.S. Capitol building
No full textby Andrew Cunningham.Typescript.Thesis (M.S.E.--Mechanical)--Catholic University of America, 2020.Bibliography: leaves 64-65.Also available in microfilm