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View of Union Station's main hall
No full textPeople walk through a section of Union Station. The photo is in black and white.Cataloger note: Location is approximate
Person wearing a mask in front of the Washington Monument
No full textA person wearing a face mask in front of the Washington Monument
Signs on the fence at Servants of the Lord and the Virgin of Matara
No full textSigns on the fence at Servants of the Lord and the Virgin of Matara on 15th and A Streets SE. The signs read, 'Moms are essential workers,' 'Where would any of us be without them? (Not HERE!) Thanks to all the Moms,' 'Dads are essential workers,' 'Where would any of us be without them? (Not HERE!) Thanks to all the Dads,' 'Babies are essential workers,' and 'Who would teach us the beauty of life, so fragile and so strong? Thanks to all the Babies!
Sandwich board sign with chalk-written message
No full textSandwich board sign outside of a house on 13th Street NE. The chalk-written message reads, 'Upside, [outside and everywhere else,] inside out, livin' la vida 'rona.
Center for Human Rights & Humanitarian Law annual report 2017-2018
No full textThis annual report highlights the Center's work and achievements that have been made possible by our students, staff, and faculty
U.S. and Japanese Intervention in the Russian Civil War: Violence and "Barbarism" in the Far East
No full textThis dissertation examines the U.S. and Japanese intervention in the Russian Civil War from 1918 to 1922. It assesses the civil war’s impact on U.S.-Soviet-Japanese relations by integrating local, regional, and international perspectives of the conflict. Rather than emphasizing the intervention as the origins of the Cold War, the dissertation argues for analyzing this event in the context of its own time and place. It finds that the significance of U.S. and Japanese interference in the Russian Civil War lies in its effect on U.S.-Soviet-Japanese relations during the conflict and into the 1920s and 1930s. In particular, it demonstrates that strategies and perceptions of violence had a major impact on the civil war and the U.S-Soviet-Japanese triangular relationship. The dissertation is divided into three parts. The first four chapters cover U.S.-Russian-Japanese relations to 1918. In addition to describing the international context in which the Russian Revolution and Civil War erupted, this part of the dissertation contributes to the historiographical debate over U.S. President Woodrow Wilson’s decision to intervene. It argues that his overarching goal was to prevent the dismemberment of the Russian Empire. Although Wilson preferred a non-Bolshevik alternative, he also failed to provide sustained support for either the Japanese or the anti-Bolshevik alternatives to Lenin’s regime. Paradoxically, the commitment by Wilson (sustained by his successor, Warren G. Harding), eventually facilitated the Bolsheviks’ reconstitution of the Russian Empire. The dissertation’s second section focuses on the period of U.S. military intervention from the summer of 1918 to the spring of 1920. It argues that the violence of the Russian Civil War had a major impact on American perceptions of Russians and Japanese and that this affected U.S. policy toward Soviet Russia and Japan. In the end, U.S. officials fell back on explanations that fit into their suspicions that Russians (whether Bolshevik or anti-Bolshevik) and Japanese were uncivilized, prone to committing atrocities, and unworthy of American assistance and cooperation. In the Russian case, this meant reviving a long-term view of Russia as backward and prone to tyranny. This stereotype helped sustain the policy of nonrecognition of the Soviets throughout the 1920s. There were competing American stereotypes of Japanese prior to World War I. On the one hand, U.S. citizens in places with high levels of Japanese immigration continued to lump Japanese into the “yellow peril” and were strong advocates of exclusion. On the other hand, however, some American elites saw the Japanese as “honorary whites,” the most civilized of all Asian peoples. The experience of the Siberian intervention demolished this latter, somewhat more positive stereotype. In its place, a more malevolent view of Japanese appeared—as a people prone to barbaric violence and duplicity. This perception helped pave the way for the 1924 immigration exclusion act that ended Japanese immigration to the United States. It also laid the groundwork for a dehumanized view of Japanese that fueled the brutality of the Pacific War from 1941-45. The dissertation’s final part explores the period of Japanese occupation from 1920-22. It highlights the ways in which Japan’s policy in Russia was connected to its concern about defending and expanding its empire. This section also demonstrates that strategies of violence are integral to understanding why the Bolsheviks won and the anti-Bolsheviks lost. It argues that, whereas the Bolsheviks focused on attacking state infrastructure, their opponents deployed a people-centric strategy aimed at rooting out ideological enemies. In doing so, the anti-Bolsheviks blurred the lines of ethnicity, criminality, and ideology, and were unable to secure territory under their command, instead fueling insurgency. In addition, the last section explains why the Soviet “buffer state” strategy successfully defeated Japan’s own attempts to create a puppet in the Russian Far East. Finally, it demonstrates how the United States played an integral diplomatic role in securing Japanese evacuation from the region by convening the Washington Conference in 1921-22.HistorySlavic studiesAmerican historyFar East, intervention, Japan, Russian Civil War, United States, Woodrow WilsonHistoryDegree Awarded: Ph.D. History. American Universit
Bicyclist wearing a mask
No full textA city bicyclist wearing a mask on Pennsylvania Avenue with the U.S. Capitol Building in the background
The Ignatian Examen, Self-Transcendent Positive Emotions, Eudaimonic Motivation, and Interpersonal Processes
No full textMindfulness has been the most robustly examined contemplative practice, with empirical studies on the topic exponentially increasing. Despite the popularity of mindfulness, other types of contemplation have remained unstudied. The current study examined a specific contemplative practice originating from the Catholic Jesuit tradition, the Ignatian examen, and its impact on self-transcendent positive emotions, eudaimonic motivation, and the moderating role of autonomous interpersonal style on these effects. It additionally examined a specific self-transcendent positive emotion, elevation, and its relation to interpersonal relationship goals. Prior to the current study, there have been no known empirical studies on the impact of practicing the Ignatian examen. The study found that daily elevation was associated with more compassionate interpersonal goals, in the context of completing the Ignatian examen. It also found mixed results for how practicing the examen influences how much people experience and value self-transcendent positive emotions. There were not significant results related to change in eudaimonic motivation or autonomy as a moderator, but there were interesting main effects of autonomy, indicating that those who valued autonomy more experienced STPE less often. This study highlights the utility of studying the Ignatian examen, and contemplative practices outside of mindfulness more generally, as they can influence domains of human experience. The exploratory analyses suggest that there are many directions for future research that may be fruitful, particularly related to autonomous interpersonal style.PsychologyAutonomous interpersonal styles, Contemplation, Elevation, Eudaimonic motivation, Examen, Self-transcendent positive emotionsPsychologyDegree Awarded: M.A. Psychology. American Universit
An empty Union Station
No full textA person sits on the floor of an empty Main Hall at Washington Union Station
Overselling globalization: the misleading conflation of economic globalization and immigration, and the subsequent backlash
No full textSocial Sciences, Volume 9, Issue 5, 1 May 2020, Article number 61.Many think that immigration is something caused by globalization, and some subsequently blame immigrants for the increased inequalities produced by economic globalization. Xenophobic nationalism has gained popularity around the world, further increasing racial tensions but without addressing the underlying causes of growing socioeconomic inequality, which this paper strives to show is caused by economic policies, not immigration. This paper argues that the apparent retreat from globalization arises from the flawed conceptualization of "globalization" as a bundle of different processes. This study analyzes early framings of economic globalization and shows how it has been linked, for political reasons, to increased migration, diversity, and open borders. Coining the term "globalization" was not just naming ongoing social change, but it became part of the branding of an elite ideological policy project. The popular framing of globalization purposely entangled independent phenomena such as free trade policies, the expansion of the internet, cosmopolitan identities, and international migration. These couplings brought together neoliberal conservatives and liberal cosmopolitans. Given the current backlash, it is essential to distinguish migration from policies favoring trade and capital movement across borders. It is noteworthy to remember that immigration is something that preceded globalization. Therefore, it is necessary to investigate how migration became entangled with globalization in the popular imagination