Kazakh Agrotechnical Research University OJS
Not a member yet
1120 research outputs found
Sort by
Фунгицидные свойства почвенных актиномицетов и их влияние на рост и развитие гороха
Get PDFBackground and purpose. Currently, the role of biological drugs is increasing compared to chemical ones. Their main advantage is reducing the pesticide load on agrocenoses and producing products that are more environmentally friendly and healthy. The purpose of the study is to study the fungicidal activity of soil actinomycetes in relation to pathogens and the growth-promoting properties of peas. The study of soil actinomycetes is a promising direction in crop production to act against phytopathogenic fungi and stimulate the growth of crops.
Materials and methods. The antagonistic activity of actinomycetes against fungal diseases of peas was tested in laboratory conditions using the agar block method. The growth-stimulating properties of cultural filtrates of actinomycetes in relation to pea seedlings were studied using the method of O.A. Berestetsky. An assessment of the effect of inoculation of pea seeds by active actinomycete strains on the crop structure was carried out in the field.Results. The conducted studies showed that the actinomycetes Streptomyces microsporus st.12, Streptomyces auratus pc.42 and Streptomyces platensis st.44 can be promising agents for the biocontrol of fungal infections of peas, as they have high antagonistic activity. In relation to the fungus Fusarium oxysporum, antagonism manifested itself with the formation of a lysis zone with adiameter of 20-27 mm; in relation to Alternaria triticina № 8, inhibition of the growth of the phytopathogen ranged from 12 mm to 18 mm; Alternaria tenuissima № 5 was suppressed by 12-17 mm; Drechslera graminea № 2 - 12 mm to 35 mm. Pieces had a stimulating effect on the seedlings №37, st. №23, st. №31, due to substances released by actinomycetes into the habitat. The rhizogenic effect was manifested in st. № 1, st. № 10, st. №12, st. №43 so the length of the roots in these variants increased to 50% compared to the control. When using various strains of actinomycetes and the consortium under field conditions, suppression of the development of root rot was established by 28-64% in the initial period of pea growth and up tо 88.6% in the flowering phase. Inoculation of pea seeds with active strains of actinomycetes had a positive effect on the elements of the structure of the pea crop.Conclusion. Strains № 12, 42, 44, 37, 23 can be used in the creation of biological products to stimulate the growth of peas and in the fight against fungal diseases of this crop.Предпосылки и цель. В настоящее время повышается роль биологических препаратов по сравнению с химическими. Основное их преимущество – снижение пестицидной нагрузки на агроценозы и получение более экологически чистой и полезной продукции. Целью исследования является изучение фунгицидной активности почвенных актиномицетов по отношению к возбудителям болезней и ростостимулирующих свойств гороха. Исследование почвенных актиномицетов является перспективным направлением в растениеводстве для воздействия против фитопатогенных грибов и стимулирования роста сельскохозяйственных культур.Материалы и методы. Антагонистическая активность актиномицетов против грибных заболеваний гороха проверена в лабораторных условиях методом агаровых блочков. Ростостимулирующие свойства культуральных фильтратов актиномицетов по отношению к проросткам семян гороха изучены по методу Берестецкого О.А. В полевых условиях проведена оценка влияния инокуляции семян гороха активными штаммами актиномицетов на структуру урожая.Результаты. Проведенные исследования показали, что актиномицеты Streptomyces microsporus штамм 12, Streptomyces auratus штамм 42 и Streptomyces platensis штамм 44 могут быть перспективными агентами для биоконтроля грибных инфекций гороха, так как обладают высокой антогонистической активностью. В отношении гриба Fusarium oxysporum антагонизм проявлялся с формированием зоны лизиса диаметром 20-27 мм, в отношении Alternaria triticina №8 ингибирование роста фитопатогена составило от 12 до 18 мм, Alternaria tenuissima №5 был подавлен на 12-17 мм, Drechslera graminea №2 – от 12 до 35 мм. Стимулирующее действие на проростки оказали штаммы №37, №23, №31, за счет веществ, выделяемых актиномицетами в среду обитания. Ризогенный эффект проявлялся у штаммов №1, №10, №12, №43, длина корней в этих вариантах увеличилась до 50% по сравнению с контролем. При применении различных штаммов актиномицетов и консорциума в полевых условиях установлено подавление развития корневой гнили на 28-64% в начальный период роста гороха и до 88,6% в фазе цветения. Инокуляция семян гороха активными штаммами актиномицетов положительно влияла на элементы структуры урожая гороха.Заключение. Штаммы № 12, 42, 44, 37, 23 можно использовать при создании биопрепаратов для стимулирования роста гороха и в борьбе против грибных заболеваний данной культуры.Предпосылки и цель. В настоящее время повышается роль биологических препаратов по сравнению с химическими. Основное их преимущество – снижение пестицидной нагрузки на агроценозы и получение более экологически чистой и полезной продукции. Целью исследования является изучение фунгицидной активности почвенных актиномицетов по отношению к возбудителям болезней и ростостимулирующих свойств гороха. Исследование почвенных актиномицетов является перспективным направлением в растениеводстве для воздействия против фитопатогенных грибов и стимулирования роста сельскохозяйственных культур.Материалы и методы. Антагонистическая активность актиномицетов против грибных заболеваний гороха проверена в лабораторных условиях методом агаровых блочков. Ростостимулирующие свойства культуральных фильтратов актиномицетов по отношению к проросткам семян гороха изучены по методу Берестецкого О.А. В полевых условиях проведена оценка влияния инокуляции семян гороха активными штаммами актиномицетов на структуру урожая.Результаты. Проведенные исследования показали, что актиномицеты Streptomyces microsporus штамм 12, Streptomyces auratus штамм 42 и Streptomyces platensis штамм 44 могут быть перспективными агентами для биоконтроля грибных инфекций гороха, так как обладают высокой антогонистической активностью. В отношении гриба Fusarium oxysporum антагонизм проявлялся с формированием зоны лизиса диаметром 20-27 мм, в отношении Alternaria triticina №8 ингибирование роста фитопатогена составило от 12 до 18 мм, Alternaria tenuissima №5 был подавлен на 12-17 мм, Drechslera graminea №2 – от 12 до 35 мм. Стимулирующее действие на проростки оказали штаммы №37, №23, №31, за счет веществ, выделяемых актиномицетами в среду обитания. Ризогенный эффект проявлялся у штаммов №1, №10, №12, №43, длина корней в этих вариантах увеличилась до 50% по сравнению с контролем. При применении различных штаммов актиномицетов и консорциума в полевых условиях установлено подавление развития корневой гнили на 28-64% в начальный период роста гороха и до 88,6% в фазе цветения. Инокуляция семян гороха активными штаммами актиномицетов положительно влияла на элементы структуры урожая гороха.Заключение. Штаммы № 12, 42, 44, 37, 23 можно использовать при создании биопрепаратов для стимулирования роста гороха и в борьбе против грибных заболеваний данной культуры
Ixodes ticks of Kostanay region: biodiversity and distribution
Get PDFBackground and Aim. All over the world ixodes ticks are known as carriers and keepers of causative agents of some dangerous diseases in animals and humans. A large role in the research is given to the circulation of ixodes ticks. The fauna of ixodes ticks is a group of parasitic arthropods which has not been researched well enough in the northern region of Kazakhstan. The goal of the research was to identify ixodes ticks within the area of Kostanai region. The objectives were to determine species composition and their geographical distribution in Kostanai region.
Materials and Methods. The research work was carried out on the territory of Kostanay region. Ixodic ticks were collected using a flag. The determination of the type of ticks was carried out using light microscopy based on morpho anatomical features.
Results. In the course of research ticks of various species were found, such as Dermacentor, Hyalomma and Rhipicephalus. Two species of ticks are widespread in Kostanay region: D. reticulatus Fabricius -51.3% and D. marginatus Sulzer - 46.5%, single specimens were found as well, D. niveus Neumann – 0.9%, H. scupence Sulzer– 0.9% and Rh. schulzei Olenev - 0.4%. They were found in the southern area of the region.Background and Aim. All over the world ixodes ticks are known as carriers and keepers of causative agents of some dangerous diseases in animals and humans. A large role in the research is given to the circulation of ixodes ticks. The fauna of ixodes ticks is a group of parasitic arthropods which has not been researched well enough in the northern region of Kazakhstan. The goal of the research was to identify ixodes ticks within the area of Kostanai region. The objectives were to determine species composition and their geographical distribution in Kostanai region.
Materials and Methods. The research work was carried out on the territory of Kostanay region. Ixodic ticks were collected using a flag. The determination of the type of ticks was carried out using light microscopy based on morpho anatomical features.
Results. In the course of research ticks of various species were found, such as Dermacentor, Hyalomma and Rhipicephalus. Two species of ticks are widespread in Kostanay region: D. reticulatus Fabricius -51.3% and D. marginatus Sulzer - 46.5%, single specimens were found as well, D. niveus Neumann – 0.9%, H. scupence Sulzer– 0.9% and Rh. schulzei Olenev - 0.4%. They were found in the southern area of the region.Background and Aim. All over the world ixodes ticks are known as carriers and keepers of causative agents of some dangerous diseases in animals and humans. A large role in the research is given to the circulation of ixodes ticks. The fauna of ixodes ticks is a group of parasitic arthropods which has not been researched well enough in the northern region of Kazakhstan. The goal of the research was to identify ixodes ticks within the area of Kostanai region. The objectives were to determine species composition and their geographical distribution in Kostanai region.
Materials and Methods. The research work was carried out on the territory of Kostanay region. Ixodic ticks were collected using a flag. The determination of the type of ticks was carried out using light microscopy based on morpho anatomical features.
Results. In the course of research ticks of various species were found, such as Dermacentor, Hyalomma and Rhipicephalus. Two species of ticks are widespread in Kostanay region: D. reticulatus Fabricius -51.3% and D. marginatus Sulzer - 46.5%, single specimens were found as well, D. niveus Neumann – 0.9%, H. scupence Sulzer– 0.9% and Rh. schulzei Olenev - 0.4%. They were found in the southern area of the region
Improvement of direct microscopy method for differential diagnosis of skin mycoses
Get PDFBackground and Aim.In the practice of veterinary doctors, a number of methods for diagnosing dermatomycoses are used, methods of direct and luminescent microscopy are undeservedly ignored. Сomparative analysis of staining methods for improving the method of direct microscopy, rapid and reliable detection of spores and mycelium in biomaterial, identification of pathogens and differential diagnosis of skin mycoses is of crucial importance for the effective treatment of animalsMaterials and Methods. 47 clinical samples of wool and skin taken from farm animals were examined for dermatomycetes. Diagnosis was performed using direct microscopy, fluorescence microscopy with calcofluor, and culture medium culture Saburo.
Results. During the study of 47 samples of biological material, it was found that during microscopy the pathogen was detected in 10 cases (21.3%), during KOH microscopy - in 15 cases (29.9%), during KOH microscopy with other dyes in 11 cases (23.4%), during KOH microscopy with color calcofluor in 25 cases (53.2%). The efficiency of the KOH microscopy method with white calcofluor in comparison with direct microscopy was 60% higher, in comparison with KOH microscopy with other dyes - by 56%, classical KOH microscopy by 43.8%. By the culture method, pathogens were detected in 28 cases (59.6%), of which 7 Trichophyton spp., 1 Microsporum spp., 14 Aspergillius spp., 6 yeast. Growth was absent in 19 samples (40.4%), bacteria were detected in 3 samples (6.3%). In comparison with КOH microscopy with calcofluor white, positive results were confirmed in 89.3%.Conclusion. The use of coloring with various dyes of morphological elements of micromycetes in pure cultures allows you to identify mycelial hyphae of various thicknesses, spores, conidia, other morphological structures and carry out a quick preliminary identification of dermatomycetes and opportunistic mold fungi in smears.Background and Aim.In the practice of veterinary doctors, a number of methods for diagnosing dermatomycoses are used, methods of direct and luminescent microscopy are undeservedly ignored. Сomparative analysis of staining methods for improving the method of direct microscopy, rapid and reliable detection of spores and mycelium in biomaterial, identification of pathogens and differential diagnosis of skin mycoses is of crucial importance for the effective treatment of animalsMaterials and Methods. 47 clinical samples of wool and skin taken from farm animals were examined for dermatomycetes. Diagnosis was performed using direct microscopy, fluorescence microscopy with calcofluor, and culture medium culture Saburo.
Results. During the study of 47 samples of biological material, it was found that during microscopy the pathogen was detected in 10 cases (21.3%), during KOH microscopy - in 15 cases (29.9%), during KOH microscopy with other dyes in 11 cases (23.4%), during KOH microscopy with color calcofluor in 25 cases (53.2%). The efficiency of the KOH microscopy method with white calcofluor in comparison with direct microscopy was 60% higher, in comparison with KOH microscopy with other dyes - by 56%, classical KOH microscopy by 43.8%. By the culture method, pathogens were detected in 28 cases (59.6%), of which 7 Trichophyton spp., 1 Microsporum spp., 14 Aspergillius spp., 6 yeast. Growth was absent in 19 samples (40.4%), bacteria were detected in 3 samples (6.3%). In comparison with КOH microscopy with calcofluor white, positive results were confirmed in 89.3%.Conclusion. The use of coloring with various dyes of morphological elements of micromycetes in pure cultures allows you to identify mycelial hyphae of various thicknesses, spores, conidia, other morphological structures and carry out a quick preliminary identification of dermatomycetes and opportunistic mold fungi in smears.Background and Aim.In the practice of veterinary doctors, a number of methods for diagnosing dermatomycoses are used, methods of direct and luminescent microscopy are undeservedly ignored. Сomparative analysis of staining methods for improving the method of direct microscopy, rapid and reliable detection of spores and mycelium in biomaterial, identification of pathogens and differential diagnosis of skin mycoses is of crucial importance for the effective treatment of animalsMaterials and Methods. 47 clinical samples of wool and skin taken from farm animals were examined for dermatomycetes. Diagnosis was performed using direct microscopy, fluorescence microscopy with calcofluor, and culture medium culture Saburo.
Results. During the study of 47 samples of biological material, it was found that during microscopy the pathogen was detected in 10 cases (21.3%), during KOH microscopy - in 15 cases (29.9%), during KOH microscopy with other dyes in 11 cases (23.4%), during KOH microscopy with color calcofluor in 25 cases (53.2%). The efficiency of the KOH microscopy method with white calcofluor in comparison with direct microscopy was 60% higher, in comparison with KOH microscopy with other dyes - by 56%, classical KOH microscopy by 43.8%. By the culture method, pathogens were detected in 28 cases (59.6%), of which 7 Trichophyton spp., 1 Microsporum spp., 14 Aspergillius spp., 6 yeast. Growth was absent in 19 samples (40.4%), bacteria were detected in 3 samples (6.3%). In comparison with КOH microscopy with calcofluor white, positive results were confirmed in 89.3%.Conclusion. The use of coloring with various dyes of morphological elements of micromycetes in pure cultures allows you to identify mycelial hyphae of various thicknesses, spores, conidia, other morphological structures and carry out a quick preliminary identification of dermatomycetes and opportunistic mold fungi in smears
Antigenic Activity of Various Rhodococcus equi Strain Plasmids
Get PDFBackground and Aim. Rhodococcus equi (R. equi) infection is a fatal cause of equine rhodococcosis. Infections have also been reported in other species and humans. This study evaluated the immune response of R. equi in rabbits.Materials and Methods. Different strains of R. equi (with and without plasmids) were administered to rabbits. Blood samples were collected from the ear veins of the rabbits at 7, 14, 21, and 28 days after the initial administration of the antigen, and the serum was examined for specific antibodies against R. equi plasmid antigens using the complement fixation reaction.Results. The minimum antibody level was recorded on day 7. The average antibody level throughout the study period was slightly above the median, indicating a small asymmetry toward higher values. By day 28, the antibody level had reached 75% of values ≤4.25.Conclusion. All strains of R. equi exhibited antigenic properties to varying degrees. The antibody level upon plasmid pVapN administration was higher than that of the other cases.Background and Aim. Rhodococcus equi (R. equi) infection is a fatal cause of equine rhodococcosis. Infections have also been reported in other species and humans. This study evaluated the immune response of R. equi in rabbits.Materials and Methods. Different strains of R. equi (with and without plasmids) were administered to rabbits. Blood samples were collected from the ear veins of the rabbits at 7, 14, 21, and 28 days after the initial administration of the antigen, and the serum was examined for specific antibodies against R. equi plasmid antigens using the complement fixation reaction.Results. The minimum antibody level was recorded on day 7. The average antibody level throughout the study period was slightly above the median, indicating a small asymmetry toward higher values. By day 28, the antibody level had reached 75% of values ≤4.25.Conclusion. All strains of R. equi exhibited antigenic properties to varying degrees. The antibody level upon plasmid pVapN administration was higher than that of the other cases.Background and Aim. Rhodococcus equi (R. equi) infection is a fatal cause of equine rhodococcosis. Infections have also been reported in other species and humans. This study evaluated the immune response of R. equi in rabbits.Materials and Methods. Different strains of R. equi (with and without plasmids) were administered to rabbits. Blood samples were collected from the ear veins of the rabbits at 7, 14, 21, and 28 days after the initial administration of the antigen, and the serum was examined for specific antibodies against R. equi plasmid antigens using the complement fixation reaction.Results. The minimum antibody level was recorded on day 7. The average antibody level throughout the study period was slightly above the median, indicating a small asymmetry toward higher values. By day 28, the antibody level had reached 75% of values ≤4.25.Conclusion. All strains of R. equi exhibited antigenic properties to varying degrees. The antibody level upon plasmid pVapN administration was higher than that of the other cases
ИЗУЧЕНИЕ СОХРАННОСТИ ЛЕСНЫХ КУЛЬТУР НА ЛЕСОПРИГОДНЫХ ПОЧВАХ В ЗЕЛЕНОЙ ЗОНЕ ГОРОДА АСТАНА
Get PDFThe relevance of the research lies in determining the condition of woody and shrubby plants in the green zone around the city of Astana, including using remote sensing of the Earth (remote sensing). The objects of research were forest crops on suitable soils, which were examined according to generally accepted methods. In the test areas, a continuous re-enumeration of trees was carried out with a record of the condition of each tree. The remote sensing data classification algorithm was based on machine learning using the "Random forest" method. It was revealed that Ulmus laevis Pall. crops were the most adapted on forest-suitable soils, further, as conservation decreased: Acer negindo L., Populus balsamifera L., Salix acutifolia Willd., Betula penndula Roth, Elaeognus angustifolia L., Pinus sylvestris L. The area of healthy plantations in all categories of soils in the green zone is 41%, weakened – 37% and 22% of those who die. As a result of studying the fluctuating asymmetry of the leaves of Betula penndula Roth, it was found that plantations are negatively affected by soil and climatic conditions, as a result of which the state of Betula penndula Roth forest crops has reached a critical point. The practical significance of this study is to confirm the need to develop forestry measures to preserve the plantations of the green zone of Astana.Актуальность исследований заключается в определении состояния древесных и кустарниковых растений в зеленой зоне вокруг города Астана, в том числе с использованием дистанционного зондирования Земли (далее ДЗЗ). Объектами исследований являлись лесные культуры на лесопригодных почвах, которые обследовались по общепринятым методикам. На пробных площадях производился сплошной перечет деревьев с фиксацией состояния каждого дерева. Алго-ритм классификации данных ДЗЗ был основан на машинном обучении методом «Random forest». Выявлено, что на лесопригодных почвах наиболее приспособленными были культуры Ulmus laеvis Pall., далее по мере снижения сохранности: Аcer negиndo L., Populus balsamifera L., Sаlix acutifоlia Willd., Bеtula pеndula Roth, Elaeаgnus angustifоlia L., Pinus sylvеstris L. Площадь здоровых насаждений на всех категориях почв в зеленой зоне составляет 41%, ослабленных - 37% и погибающих - 22%. В результате изучения флуктуирующей асимметрии листьев Bеtula pеndula Roth установлено, что насаждения испытывают негативное влияние почвенно-климатических условий, вследствие чего состояние лесных культур Bеtula pеndula Roth достигло критической отметки. Практическое значение данного исследования заключается в подтверждении необходимости разработки лесоводственных мероприятий для сохранения насаждений зеленой зоны города Астаны.Актуальность исследований заключается в определении состояния древесных и кустарниковых растений в зеленой зоне вокруг города Астана, в том числе с использованием дистанционного зондирования Земли (далее ДЗЗ). Объектами исследований являлись лесные культуры на лесопригодных почвах, которые обследовались по общепринятым методикам. На пробных площадях производился сплошной перечет деревьев с фиксацией состояния каждого дерева. Алго-ритм классификации данных ДЗЗ был основан на машинном обучении методом «Random forest». Выявлено, что на лесопригодных почвах наиболее приспособленными были культуры Ulmus laеvis Pall., далее по мере снижения сохранности: Аcer negиndo L., Populus balsamifera L., Sаlix acutifоlia Willd., Bеtula pеndula Roth, Elaeаgnus angustifоlia L., Pinus sylvеstris L. Площадь здоровых насаждений на всех категориях почв в зеленой зоне составляет 41%, ослабленных - 37% и погибающих - 22%. В результате изучения флуктуирующей асимметрии листьев Bеtula pеndula Roth установлено, что насаждения испытывают негативное влияние почвенно-климатических условий, вследствие чего состояние лесных культур Bеtula pеndula Roth достигло критической отметки. Практическое значение данного исследования заключается в подтверждении необходимости разработки лесоводственных мероприятий для сохранения насаждений зеленой зоны города Астаны
ВЛИЯНИЕ ЕСТЕСТВЕННОЙ ВИРУСНОЙ ИНФЕКЦИИ НА ПРОДУКТИВНОСТЬ КАРТОФЕЛЯ В УСЛОВИЯХ АКМОЛИНСКОЙ ОБЛАСТИ
Get PDFThis article reflects the influence of the most common pathogens of viral diseases in the Akmola region on potato productivity. The purpose is to study the effect of viruses on the productivity of potato varieties and breeding lines in comparison with uninfected clones. Methods included testing potato breeding material for virus carriage using visual observation and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), taking into account the productivity and structure of the crop. The main results showed that the productivity of naturally infected plants decreased compared to healthy plants by 4-80%, depending on the virus and genotype. At the same time, the dependence of the number of tubers on virus infection has not been established. A decrease in the productivity of the potato variety Xisen 6 by 80% was revealed as a result of exposure to potato leaf roll virus. During the study, potato virus Y symptoms were found in the Alliance variety and selection line 17-223-10 in the form of spotting, mosaic, in the Colomba variety in the form of leaf deformation, the appear-ance of yellow spots, growth retardation and reduction in leaf size, in lines 17-216-9 and 17-250-10 leaves were yellow in color. In the varieties Akzhar and Tustep, which confirmed infection with potato virus X using ELISA, a decrease in turgor and closure of the lobes was revealed. Plants of the Queen Anne variety affected by potato leaf roll virus had curled lower leaves and chlorotic spots appeared on the tips of the leaves. Symptoms of mild wrinkling appeared on the selection line 4-08-02 infected with potato virus S. The conducted research allows for the use of selected clones in virological and diagnostic studies, as well as in the selection and primary seed production of potatoes. Molecular-genetic studies of the strain composition will enable a more detailed characterization of Kazakhstani isolates of the studied potato viruses in the future.Данная статья отражает влияние наиболее распространенных в Акмолинской области возбу- дителей вирусных заболеваний на продуктивность картофеля. Цель исследования - изучить влияние вирусов на продуктивность сортов и селекционных линий картофеля в сравнении с неинфицированными клонами. Методы включали: тестирование селекционного материала картофеля на вирусоносительство с помощью визуального наблюдения и иммуноферментного анализа (ИФА), учет продуктивности и структуры урожая. Основные результаты показали, что продуктивность естественнно инфицированных растений снижалась по сравнению со здоровыми растениями на 4-80% в зависимости от вируса и генотипа. При этом зависимость количества клубней от пораженности вирусами не установлена. Выявлено уменьшение продуктивности сорта картофеля Xisen 6 на 80% в результате воздействия вируса скручивания листьев картофеля. Во время иссле- дования были обнаружены симптомы Y вируса картофеля у сорта Альянс и селекционной линии 17-223 10 в виде пятнистости, мозаики, у сорта Colomba в виде деформации листьев, появления желтых пятен, задержки роста и уменьшения размера листьев, у линий 17-216-9 и 17-250-10 листья имели желтую окраску. У сортов Акжар и Тустеп, подтвердивших инфицированность Х вирусом картофеля методом ИФА, выявлено уменьшение тургора и смыкание долей. Растения сорта Queen Anne, пораженные вирусом скручивания листьев картофеля имели скрученные нижние листья, на кончиках листьев появлялись хлоротичные пятна. Симптомы легкой морщинистости проявлялись на селекционной линии 4-08-02, инфицированной S вирусом картофеля. Проведенные исследования позволяют использовать отобранные клоны в вирусологических и диагностических исследованиях, а также в качестве исходного материала для селекции и первичного семеноводства картофеля. Молекулярно-генетические исследования штаммового состава позволят в будущем более детально охарактеризовать казахстанские изоляты исследуемых вирусов картофеля.Данная статья отражает влияние наиболее распространенных в Акмолинской области возбу- дителей вирусных заболеваний на продуктивность картофеля. Цель исследования - изучить влияние вирусов на продуктивность сортов и селекционных линий картофеля в сравнении с неинфицированными клонами. Методы включали: тестирование селекционного материала картофеля на вирусоносительство с помощью визуального наблюдения и иммуноферментного анализа (ИФА), учет продуктивности и структуры урожая. Основные результаты показали, что продуктивность естественнно инфицированных растений снижалась по сравнению со здоровыми растениями на 4-80% в зависимости от вируса и генотипа. При этом зависимость количества клубней от пораженности вирусами не установлена. Выявлено уменьшение продуктивности сорта картофеля Xisen 6 на 80% в результате воздействия вируса скручивания листьев картофеля. Во время иссле- дования были обнаружены симптомы Y вируса картофеля у сорта Альянс и селекционной линии 17-223 10 в виде пятнистости, мозаики, у сорта Colomba в виде деформации листьев, появления желтых пятен, задержки роста и уменьшения размера листьев, у линий 17-216-9 и 17-250-10 листья имели желтую окраску. У сортов Акжар и Тустеп, подтвердивших инфицированность Х вирусом картофеля методом ИФА, выявлено уменьшение тургора и смыкание долей. Растения сорта Queen Anne, пораженные вирусом скручивания листьев картофеля имели скрученные нижние листья, на кончиках листьев появлялись хлоротичные пятна. Симптомы легкой морщинистости проявлялись на селекционной линии 4-08-02, инфицированной S вирусом картофеля. Проведенные исследования позволяют использовать отобранные клоны в вирусологических и диагностических исследованиях, а также в качестве исходного материала для селекции и первичного семеноводства картофеля. Молекулярно-генетические исследования штаммового состава позволят в будущем более детально охарактеризовать казахстанские изоляты исследуемых вирусов картофеля
ОЦЕНКА УСТОЙЧИВОСТИ СОРТОВ И ГИБРИДОВ ТОМАТА (SOLANUM LYCOPERSICUM L.) КАЗАХСТАНСКОЙ СЕЛЕКЦИИ К АЛЬТЕРНАРИОЗУ
Get PDFTomatoes (Solanum lycopersicum L.) are one of the most important food crops in the world. Early blight caused by a fungus of the genus Alternaria is one of the most devastating diseases of tomatoes worldwide, while crop losses can reach up to 80%. In this reseach, 39 varieties and hybrids of Kazakh breeding were studied to tomatoes screening for resistance to early blight. An isolate of the fungus Alternaria alternata was used to screening for resistance to early blight on an artificial infectious background. The degree of infection of tomato plants at 40 and 70 days was assessed and the percentage of the disease index (PDI) was calculated. The genotypes of VeneraxMechta and GloriaxBSS-335 showed high resistance to early blight compared to other genotypes. The Umit tomato variety was characterized as sustainable with a PDI of 10.0%. Thus, these genotypes can be used in breeding programs to create resistant tomato varieties.Томаты (Solanum lycopersicum L.) являются одной из важнейших продовольственных культур в мире. Альтернариоз, вызываемый грибом рода Alternaria, является одной из самых разрушительных болезней томатов во всем мире, при этом потери урожая могут достигать до 80%. В данном исследовании для скрининга томатов на устойчивость к альтернариозу изучено 39 сортов и гибридов казахстанской селекции. Для скрининга на устойчивость к альтернариозу использован изолят гриба Alternaria alternata на искусственном инфекционном фоне. Оценивали степень заражения растений томата возрастом 40 и 70 дней и рассчитывали процент индекса заболеваемости (PDI). Генотипы Венера×Мечта и Глориях×BSS-335 показали высокую устойчивость к альтернариозу по сравнению с другими генотипами. Сорт томата Умит характеризовался, как устойчивый с PDI равным 10,0%. Таким образом, эти генотипы могут быть использованы в программах селекции для создания устойчивых сортов томата.Томаты (Solanum lycopersicum L.) являются одной из важнейших продовольственных культур в мире. Альтернариоз, вызываемый грибом рода Alternaria, является одной из самых разрушительных болезней томатов во всем мире, при этом потери урожая могут достигать до 80%. В данном исследовании для скрининга томатов на устойчивость к альтернариозу изучено 39 сортов и гибридов казахстанской селекции. Для скрининга на устойчивость к альтернариозу использован изолят гриба Alternaria alternata на искусственном инфекционном фоне. Оценивали степень заражения растений томата возрастом 40 и 70 дней и рассчитывали процент индекса заболеваемости (PDI). Генотипы Венера×Мечта и Глориях×BSS-335 показали высокую устойчивость к альтернариозу по сравнению с другими генотипами. Сорт томата Умит характеризовался, как устойчивый с PDI равным 10,0%. Таким образом, эти генотипы могут быть использованы в программах селекции для создания устойчивых сортов томата
Обоснование уравнения регрессии при проведении экспериментальных исследований воздуховода ветроэнергетической установки для фермерских хозяйств
Get PDFBackground and Aim. Improving the efficiency of energy supply to Kazakhstan\u27s industries is an important task, several documents have been adopted for its implementation, in particular, much attention is paid to non-traditional energy sources. Wind power plants have great potential for our territory, as a result of the analysis of methods to increase their efficiency, a possible direction of improvement has been established -the development of an air duct shape, this allows increasing the air flow rate. And as a result, the generation of electric energy by 2 or more times. The purpose of the study is to increase the efficiency of a wind power plant in farm conditions by improving its air duct. The aim of the study is to increase the efficiency of generating electric energy in a wind power plant for farms by reducing dependence on wind speed and determining the most appropriate technical parameters of the installation.
Materials and methods. Modern materials and equipment that have been verified in certified organizations and have their own certificates of conformity were used to conduct experimental studies. The research methods correspond to modern approaches to solving scientific problems: based on the analysis of the state of the issue and the classification of wind power plants, it was concluded that it is necessary to improve the duct as the most optimal constructive solution.
Results. To increase the efficiency of generating electric energy in a wind power plant, a device is proposed due to which the dependence on wind speed is reduced.
Conclusion. As a result of the conducted experimental studies, a regression equation was obtained that adequately describes the process of duct operation, which has been tested for the significance of coefficients, and optimal values of factors were obtained.Предпосылки и цель. Повышение эффективности энергоснабжения производств Казахстана является важной задачей, для ее реализации принято несколько документов, в частности, большое внимание уделено нетрадиционным источникам энергии. Большой потенциал для нашей территории у ветроэнергетических установок. В результате анализа методов повышения их эффективности установлено возможное направление совершенствования – разработка формы воздуховода, это позволяет увеличить скорость воздушного потока. И как следствие, выработку электрической энергии в 2 и более раз. Целью исследования является повышение эффективности получения электрической энергии в ветроэнергетической установке для фермерских хозяйств за счет снижения зависимости от скорости ветра и определение наиболее подходящих технических параметров установки.Материалы и методы. Для проведения экспериментальных исследований применялись современные материалы и оборудование, прошедшие поверку в сертифицированных организациях. Методы исследования соответствуют современным подходам к решению научных задач.Результаты. Для повышение эффективности получения электрической энергии в ветроэнергетической установке предлагается устройство за счет которого снижается зависимость от скорости ветра.Заключение. В результате проведенных экспериментальных исследований получено уравнение регрессии, адекватно описывающее процесс работы воздуховода, прошедшее проверку на значимость коэффициентов, и получены оптимальные значения факторов.Предпосылки и цель. Повышение эффективности энергоснабжения производств Казахстана является важной задачей, для ее реализации принято несколько документов, в частности, большое внимание уделено нетрадиционным источникам энергии. Большой потенциал для нашей территории у ветроэнергетических установок. В результате анализа методов повышения их эффективности установлено возможное направление совершенствования – разработка формы воздуховода, это позволяет увеличить скорость воздушного потока. И как следствие, выработку электрической энергии в 2 и более раз. Целью исследования является повышение эффективности получения электрической энергии в ветроэнергетической установке для фермерских хозяйств за счет снижения зависимости от скорости ветра и определение наиболее подходящих технических параметров установки.Материалы и методы. Для проведения экспериментальных исследований применялись современные материалы и оборудование, прошедшие поверку в сертифицированных организациях. Методы исследования соответствуют современным подходам к решению научных задач.Результаты. Для повышение эффективности получения электрической энергии в ветроэнергетической установке предлагается устройство за счет которого снижается зависимость от скорости ветра.Заключение. В результате проведенных экспериментальных исследований получено уравнение регрессии, адекватно описывающее процесс работы воздуховода, прошедшее проверку на значимость коэффициентов, и получены оптимальные значения факторов
EPIZOOTOLOGICAL MONITORING OF EQUINE HERPESVIRUS IN KAZAKHSTAN
Get PDFEquine herpesvirus is one of the most common infectious diseases of horses, causing huge economic losses associated with fetal abortion and subsequent chronic course. At the same time, a difficult epizootological situation regarding herpesvirus infections remains in the republic. Therefore, epizootological surveillance and planned monitoring studies of the epidemiological process in a certain territory are one of the effective tools for preventing the spread of еquine herpesvirus in horse breeding farms. This article presents the results of an analysis of epizootological monitoring and ongoing diagnostic measures regarding еquine herpesvirus on the territory of the Republic of Kazakhstan. According to epizootological data, over the past 10 years, 35 outbreaks of еquine herpesvirus have been registered in Kazakhstan. Serological monitoring confirmed the circulation of the causative agent of equine herpesvirus in the country\u27s horse breeding farms. In a study of 1391 blood serum samples, antibodies to equine herpesvirus were detected in 93 cases (6.7%). The data obtained give reason to believe that in disadvantaged areas it is necessary to take a full range of measures for timely diagnosis, prevention and elimination of foci of infection.Equine herpesvirus is one of the most common infectious diseases of horses, causing huge economic losses associated with fetal abortion and subsequent chronic course. At the same time, a difficult epizootological situation regarding herpesvirus infections remains in the republic. Therefore, epizootological surveillance and planned monitoring studies of the epidemiological process in a certain territory are one of the effective tools for preventing the spread of еquine herpesvirus in horse breeding farms. This article presents the results of an analysis of epizootological monitoring and ongoing diagnostic measures regarding еquine herpesvirus on the territory of the Republic of Kazakhstan. According to epizootological data, over the past 10 years, 35 outbreaks of еquine herpesvirus have been registered in Kazakhstan. Serological monitoring confirmed the circulation of the causative agent of equine herpesvirus in the country\u27s horse breeding farms. In a study of 1391 blood serum samples, antibodies to equine herpesvirus were detected in 93 cases (6.7%). The data obtained give reason to believe that in disadvantaged areas it is necessary to take a full range of measures for timely diagnosis, prevention and elimination of foci of infection.Equine herpesvirus is one of the most common infectious diseases of horses, causing huge economic losses associated with fetal abortion and subsequent chronic course. At the same time, a difficult epizootological situation regarding herpesvirus infections remains in the republic. Therefore, epizootological surveillance and planned monitoring studies of the epidemiological process in a certain territory are one of the effective tools for preventing the spread of еquine herpesvirus in horse breeding farms. This article presents the results of an analysis of epizootological monitoring and ongoing diagnostic measures regarding еquine herpesvirus on the territory of the Republic of Kazakhstan. According to epizootological data, over the past 10 years, 35 outbreaks of еquine herpesvirus have been registered in Kazakhstan. Serological monitoring confirmed the circulation of the causative agent of equine herpesvirus in the country\u27s horse breeding farms. In a study of 1391 blood serum samples, antibodies to equine herpesvirus were detected in 93 cases (6.7%). The data obtained give reason to believe that in disadvantaged areas it is necessary to take a full range of measures for timely diagnosis, prevention and elimination of foci of infection
Using of immunochromatographic analysis to determine antibiotics in milk
Get PDFBackground and Aim. Failure to comply with the rules for the use of antibiotics and/or the tim-ing of milk production from cows subjected to antibiotic therapy leads to the entry of residual amounts of drugs into the human body with dairy products, causing various pathologies. For practice, simple but sufficiently sensitive and specific rapid tests are needed to determine the safety of milk. Such tests can be developed based on immunochromatographic analysis (ICA).
Materials and Methods. Colloidal gold (CG) particles were prepared according to the method of Wang et.al. (2014) and examined using transmission electron microscopy and UV-visible spectroscopy. CG particles were used to label antibodies against streptomycin (STR), tetracycline (TC) and/or chloramphenicol (CAP) according to the method of Yakovleva et al. (2012). The ICA test was developed based on the principle of competition of antibiotics in milk with analogues immobilized on a nitrocellulose membrane.
Results. The multiplex ICA test showed sensitivity at the level of the best world analogues, detecting STR, TC and CAP in milk in concentrations equal to or exceeding the maximum residue limits (MRL) for these antibiotics: 200 ng/ml, 10 ng/ml, 0.3 ng/ml, respectively. The advantage of the ICA test is its affordability, since the proposed technologies for the production of antibiotic-specific anti bodies and immunoassay test line reagents significantly reduce the cost of domestic products, making them more accessible to the country\u27s consumers.
Conclusion. A domestic ICA test system has been designed for simultaneous rapid analysis of milk for the content of streptomycin, tetracycline and chloramphenicol.Background and Aim. Failure to comply with the rules for the use of antibiotics and/or the tim-ing of milk production from cows subjected to antibiotic therapy leads to the entry of residual amounts of drugs into the human body with dairy products, causing various pathologies. For practice, simple but sufficiently sensitive and specific rapid tests are needed to determine the safety of milk. Such tests can be developed based on immunochromatographic analysis (ICA).
Materials and Methods. Colloidal gold (CG) particles were prepared according to the method of Wang et.al. (2014) and examined using transmission electron microscopy and UV-visible spectroscopy. CG particles were used to label antibodies against streptomycin (STR), tetracycline (TC) and/or chloramphenicol (CAP) according to the method of Yakovleva et al. (2012). The ICA test was developed based on the principle of competition of antibiotics in milk with analogues immobilized on a nitrocellulose membrane.
Results. The multiplex ICA test showed sensitivity at the level of the best world analogues, detecting STR, TC and CAP in milk in concentrations equal to or exceeding the maximum residue limits (MRL) for these antibiotics: 200 ng/ml, 10 ng/ml, 0.3 ng/ml, respectively. The advantage of the ICA test is its affordability, since the proposed technologies for the production of antibiotic-specific anti bodies and immunoassay test line reagents significantly reduce the cost of domestic products, making them more accessible to the country\u27s consumers.
Conclusion. A domestic ICA test system has been designed for simultaneous rapid analysis of milk for the content of streptomycin, tetracycline and chloramphenicol.Background and Aim. Failure to comply with the rules for the use of antibiotics and/or the tim-ing of milk production from cows subjected to antibiotic therapy leads to the entry of residual amounts of drugs into the human body with dairy products, causing various pathologies. For practice, simple but sufficiently sensitive and specific rapid tests are needed to determine the safety of milk. Such tests can be developed based on immunochromatographic analysis (ICA).
Materials and Methods. Colloidal gold (CG) particles were prepared according to the method of Wang et.al. (2014) and examined using transmission electron microscopy and UV-visible spectroscopy. CG particles were used to label antibodies against streptomycin (STR), tetracycline (TC) and/or chloramphenicol (CAP) according to the method of Yakovleva et al. (2012). The ICA test was developed based on the principle of competition of antibiotics in milk with analogues immobilized on a nitrocellulose membrane.
Results. The multiplex ICA test showed sensitivity at the level of the best world analogues, detecting STR, TC and CAP in milk in concentrations equal to or exceeding the maximum residue limits (MRL) for these antibiotics: 200 ng/ml, 10 ng/ml, 0.3 ng/ml, respectively. The advantage of the ICA test is its affordability, since the proposed technologies for the production of antibiotic-specific anti bodies and immunoassay test line reagents significantly reduce the cost of domestic products, making them more accessible to the country\u27s consumers.
Conclusion. A domestic ICA test system has been designed for simultaneous rapid analysis of milk for the content of streptomycin, tetracycline and chloramphenicol