Czsaopisma Uniwersytetu w Siedlcach
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Geneza islamskiego zagrożenia terrorystycznego w Uzbekistanie po upadku ZSRR
No full textThe article aims to present the origins of the radical Islamist movement on the territory of independent Uzbekistan, especially during the rule of Islam Karimov, thelast leader of the Socialist Republic of Uzbekistan and the first President of the country. The article analyzes numerous foreign articles, especially reports related to the terrorist activities of Islamic organizations in Central Asia. The author wants to answer the question of what is the difference in the policy towards religion between Karimov and Shavkat Mirziyoyev, who became President after the death of the authoritarian ruler. The difference clearly showed that the change to a more liberal policy made it possible to reduce the terrorist threat in the country.Artykuł ma na celu przybliżenie powstania ruchu radykalnych islamistów na terytorium niepodległego Uzbekistanu, szczególnie w czasie rządów Isłama Karimowa, ostatniego przywódcy Socjalistycznej Republiki Uzbekistanu i zarazem pierwszego Prezydenta kraju.W artykule przeanalizowano liczne pozycje zagraniczne, szczególnie raporty związane z działalnością terrorystyczną organizacji islamskich w Azji Centralnej. Autor pragnie odpowiedzieć na pytanie, na czym polega różnica w polityce wobec religii Karimowa, a Shavkata Mirziyoyeva,który został Prezydentem po śmierci autorytarnego władcy. Różnica jasno pokazała, że zmiana polityki na bardziej liberalną pozwoliła zmniejszyć zagrożenie terrorystyczne w kraju
An Archaeological landscape of Sharif Abad (Solgi) settlement area in the Gamasi-Ab River Basin in Central Zagros
No full textSolgi or Sharif Abad tepe (A&B) is one of the larger settlement sites of the Gamasi-Ab river basin in Nahavand plain. This site lies at the intersection of old ancient roads that go from Sahne, Harsin and Kangavar to Nihavand and the other eastern regions. In the study of this area, pottery from the Early Bronze Age (Godin IV-Yanik, Kura-Araxes), pottery related to Godin III, II and pottery of the historical period were obtained. The examination of these pottery artefacts reveals extensive cultural exchanges of the inhabitants of the region with the northwestern and neighboring areas in the Bronze and Iron Ages. In addition, a closer examination of the lifestyle in this settlement area gives us a complete view of these people’s use of biological resources and their interaction with the environment. Among the reasons for the location and development of this settlement in the Bronze and Iron Age the main one was easy access to water resources and fertile agricultural lands. This article provides a brief overview of the geographical situation of the region and the history of archaeological research conducted in Nihavand and then focuses on the natural landscape of Sharif Abad. The next part of it describes the archaeological data from this location and analyzes its chronology. The article is concluded by a succinct summary
‘Demokracja’ w świetle badań ankietowych ASA i sondaży opinii społecznej CBOS
No full textThe purpose of this article is to outline the understanding of the term "democracy" by Polish student youth in the light of the ASA survey ("axiological dictionary questionnaire") conducted in Lublin from 1990 to the present period, in order also in the light of the CBOS survey from 2000, and to define the place of "democratic values" in the system of values of Polish society on the basis of CBOS reports from the years 2005-2019. The ASA "cognitive" questionnaire, containing an open-ended question, confirmed that the features co-creating the "semantic centre" of the Polish notion of "democracy" over the consecutive decades invariably included "freedom" and "equality" and their various dimensions. The CBOS poll, which asked a closed question and indicated those features of \u27democracy\u27 which are at-tributed to it mainly "in theoretical considerations" and in journalism, revealed that adult Poles considered \u27equality before the law\u27 to be the most important feature of democracy, followed by such features as: \u27protection of personal freedom of citizens\u27, \u27selection of the best people to govern the country\u27, \u27provision of equal educational opportunities for chil-dren from all families\u27, etc. "Democratic values" were among the sixteen values important for Polish society. They occupied an important – albeit not the most important – place in this system
Reflections on some universal processes leading to changes in languages round the world
No full textZmiana jest naturalnym procesem doświadczanym praktycznie przez wszystko, co istnieje w fizycznym świecie. Zatem spostrzeżenie to dotyczy również wszystkich języków, które bez wyjątku nieustannie podlegają uniwersalnym procesom zmian, często prowadzących do różnego rodzaju nieregularności. Niektórymi z tych procesów są umlaut (przegłos), harmonia samogłoskowa, lenicja i gramatykalizacja. Jeśli chodzi o ten pierwszy, nazywany również mu-tacją samogłoskową, występuje on zwłaszcza w językach germańskich, takich jak: angielski, szwedzki i niemiecki. Odwrotnym procesem jest harmonia samogłoskowa, którą można znaleźć w języku fińskim, tureckim czy suahili. Jeśli chodzi o lenicję, nazywaną również osłabieniem, spotkać możemy ją chociażby w polskim, niemieckim i irlandzkim. Wydaje się, że takim najpopularniejszym procesem zmiany językowej jest gramatykalizacja, prowadząca do rozwoju gramatyki, bowiem dotyczy ona w zasadzie wszystkich języków naturalnych, w tym bałkańskich. W niniejszym artykule omówieniu podlegają wybrane aspekty następujących języ-ków: angielskiego, niemieckiego, szwedzkiego, łaciny, hiszpańskiego, francuskiego, arabskiego, polskiego, serbskiego, macedońskiego, rumuńskiego, greckiego, fińskiego i tok pisin
Sprawozdanie z Międzynarodowej Konferencji Naukowej „Wartości w językowym obrazie świata Polaków i Litwinów III. Przeszłość i współczesność w języku i kulturze”
No full textКонцепт ДОМОВИНА у српском језику (на системском материјалу)
No full textThe paper presents the results of comprehensive research on the concept of HOME in the Serbian language based on the analysis of system material from the relevant dictionaries of the Serbian language, in accordance with the methodological and theoretical principles of Lublin cognitive ethnolinguistics and the EUROJOS seminar. An effort was made to present its main features and values in the circle of related concepts we reconstructed in our previous research, with which it forms a common concept sphere: HOME, MOTHER, PEOPLE and the self-stereotype of SERBIAN. The research in this paper is primarily based on the analysis of the content of the dictionary definitions of the lexemes homeland and fatherland, which are used to name the concept, and the analysis of all their characteristic lexical-semantic relationships: hyperonimic and hyponymic, synonymy, antonymy, derivational, creative and semantic character, syntagmatic with the aim of reconstructing the content of this term, its stable and variable part, with all relevant aspects of realization. Also, to highlight different models of man\u27s relationship to his homeland in different historical periods and the values attributed to him in the Serbian language, in accordance with the principles of cognitive definition.The paper presents the results of comprehensive research on the concept of HOME in the Serbian language based on the analysis of system material from the relevant dictionaries of the Serbian language, in accordance with the methodological and theoretical principles of Lublin cognitive ethnolinguistics and the EUROJOS seminar. An effort was made to present its main features and values in the circle of related concepts we reconstructed in our previous research, with which it forms a common concept sphere: HOME, MOTHER, PEOPLE and the self-stereotype of SERBIAN. The research in this paper is primarily based on the analysis of the content of the dictionary definitions of the lexemes homeland and fatherland, which are used to name the concept, and the analysis of all their characteristic lexical-semantic relationships: hyperonimic and hyponymic, synonymy, antonymy, derivational, creative and semantic character, syntagmatic with the aim of reconstructing the content of this term, its stable and variable part, with all relevant aspects of realization. Also, to highlight different models of man\u27s relationship to his homeland in different historical periods and the values attributed to him in the Serbian language, in accordance with the principles of cognitive definition
ZARZĄDZANIE MARKĄ DZIAŁANIA PROSPOŁECZNE JAKO SKUTECZNY ELEMENT STRATEGII WIZERUNKOWEJ
No full textThe aim of the article is to research effectiveness of pro-social actions in building of brand image and if it really might be effective determinant of marketing actions – which has an influence on the consumers choices. For the needs of publication chosen aspects of pro-social actions used in the strategies of Nivea and Rossmann drugstores were researched. In addition, analyzes of pro-social actions during pandemic was done. It was proved that companies which took a part in relief efforts during crisis were appreciated by the consumer what helps to create value of their brands. The most important question seems to be not “Whether to invest in CSR?” but “How to invest?”. This subject will become subject of numerous researches and analyzes in the future.Celem niniejszego artykułu jest zbadanie na ile działania prospołeczne są skuteczne przy budowaniu wizerunku marki i czy w istocie mogą być efektywną determinantą działań marketingowych - mających wpływ na konsumenckie wybory. Dla potrzeb niniejszej publikacji zbadano wybrane aspekty działań prospołecznych wykorzystywanych w strategiach marketingowych firmy Nivea oraz Drogerii Rossmann. Ponadto przeprowadzono analizę ich działań prospołecznych w czasie pandemii. Dowiedziono, iż firmy, które włączyły się w działania pomocowe w kryzysie są doceniane przez konsumentów, co sprzyja kreowaniu wartości ich marek. Najważniejszym wydaje się więc współcześnie pytanie nie - „Czy inwestować w CSR?”, lecz „Jak inwestować”. Tematyka ta w przyszłości stanie się przedmiotem licznych badań i analiz
KLAUZULA DOBRYCH PRAKTYK ZAWARTA W „USTAWIE O ZWALCZANIU NIEUCZCIWEJ KONKURENCJI” Z DNIA 16 KWIETNIA 1993 R. ORAZ W ŚWIETLE WYBRANEGO ORZECZNICTWA. WYBRANE IMPLIKACJE ETYCZNE
No full textThis paper, employing historical-legal methods, presents selected court judgments on the good practices clause in the Act on Combatting Unfair Competition of 16 April 1993 (Ustawa o zwalczaniu nieuczciwej konkurencji z 16 kwietnia 1993 r.) (Journal of Laws 1993, No 47, item 211). The term unfair competition is used in the different legal categories in the act, which makes interpretation difficult. Each time the court determines the existence of two qualifications: entrepreneurs being in a court dispute conducting economic activity where there may be an infringement or a threat to the economic interests of the other entrepreneur. The innovative approach in this paper is based on what are ethical implications.Artykuł, wykorzystując metodę historyczno-prawną, prezentuje wybrane orzeczenia sądowe odnoszące się do klauzuli dobrych praktyk w Ustawie o zwalczaniu nieuczciwej konkurencji z 16 kwietnia 1993 r. Zróżnicowanie używania kategorii terminu nieuczciwej konkurencji utrudnia jego interpretację. Każdorazowo sąd w orzeczeniu ustala, czy przedsiębiorcy pozostający w sporze sądowym prowadzą działalność gospodarczą oraz czy naruszenie lub zagrożenie interesów gospodarczych dotyczy drugiego przedsiębiorcy. Nowatorskie ujęcie zagadnienia przejawia się w ukazaniu etycznych implikacji
Selected Middle English adjectives of happiness: their representation in the Innsbruck Corpus
No full textThe present paper analyses the fates of the Middle English synonyms of the adjective happy. The group of the examined words contains adjectives beneurous, benewred, felicious, gracious, seely and the key item happy. Focusing on their fates in the period under question, the study uses data from the Innsbruck Corpus of Middle English, a collection of 129 Middle English digitised texts, preserved in 159 files, to determine token frequency, text distribution and semantic changes of the examined adjectives. Other sources used in the study are Middle English Dictionary (MED), The Oxford English Dictionary (OED), Historical Thesaurus of English (HTE) and AntConc, a freeware corpus analysis program. The evidence from the Innsbruck Corpus of Middle English Prose shows considerable discrepancies in the token frequency of the analysed terms and the number of attestations employed in the sense ‘happy’. Although the position of the adjective gracious was extraordinarily strong (354 attestations), the termyielded only 13 attestations used in the sense under study. The marginal status of benewred (2 attestations)and lack of beneurous in the Middle English texts examined announce their loss at the end of the period.The present paper analyses the fates of the Middle English synonyms of the adjective happy. The group of the examined words contains adjectives beneurous, benewred, felicious, gracious, seely and the key item happy. Focusing on their fates in the period under question, the study uses data from the Innsbruck Corpus of Middle English, a collection of 129 Middle English digitised texts, preserved in 159 files, to determine token frequency, text distribution and semantic changes of the examined adjectives. Other sources used in the study are Middle English Dictionary (MED), The Oxford English Dictionary (OED), Historical Thesaurus of English (HTE) and AntConc, a freeware corpus analysis program. The evidence from the Innsbruck Corpus of Middle English Prose shows considerable discrepancies in the token frequency of the analysed terms and the number of attestations employed in the sense ‘happy’. Although the position of the adjective gracious was extraordinarily strong (354 attestations), the termyielded only 13 attestations used in the sense under study. The marginal status of benewred (2 attestations)and lack of beneurous in the Middle English texts examined announce their loss at the end of the period
Общение как (не)вербальное поведение
No full textThe article describes the antinomy of communicative activity and communication. The behavioral essence of (non-) verbal communication, its uniqueness and creative nature are proved; dominant continuum characteristics of verbal negotiation and conditions for their implementation are described. Impersonal nature of communication is opposed to the egocentric properties of communicative activity. Ethological essence of communication is postulated – its connection with linguistic ethos. The most important ethological characteristics of verbal communication are considered: motivation, appellativeness, reasonableness, relevance, arbitrality, devotion