Czsaopisma Uniwersytetu w Siedlcach
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Ojcowie, jakich byśmy nie chcieli… Negatywne postawy rodzicielskie ojców w mazowieckiej bajce ludowej
No full textThe purpose of the paper is to reconstruct the representations of fathers in Mazovian folk tales collected by Oskar Kolberg (1814-1890), along with their social classes and professions, as well their roles in the folk tales’ narrative progression. Thus, this is the examination of “who they are?”, but also “what they do?” and “how they are”, and therefore also of the parental figures they represent. The analysis shows that fathers as characters in Mazovian folk tales have mostly negative connotations, typically acting to the detriment of their children, displaying egoistic preoccupation with themselves and their goals rather than the wellbeing and interests of their offspring. This parenting style is manifested in five basic types of behaviour toward the child, indicative of the five basic characteristics of folk-tale fathers: indifference, violence, authoritarianism, failure to protect the child, and excessive control.Celem artykułu jest próba rekonstrukcji obrazu ojców w mazowieckiej bajce ludowej ze zbiorów Oskara Kolberga (1814-1890) z uwzględnieniem ich przynależności stanowej i zawodowej oraz funkcji, jaką pełnią w ramach rozwoju akcji bajki. W centrum tekstu stoi więc zarówno pytanie o to, ‘kim są’, ale też ‘co robią’ i tym samym ‘jacy są’ ojcowie bajki mazowieckiej, a zatem jednocześnie o to, jaką ‘postawę rodzicielską’ reprezentują. Analiza pokazuje, że ojcowie są w bajce mazowieckiej głównie postaciami konotowanymi negatywnie, bowiem ich zachowanie względem dziecka nosi nade wszystko znamiona działań szkodliwych, pokazujących egoistyczną koncentrację rodzica bardziej na sobie i własnych korzyściach aniżeli dobru czy pożytku pociechy. Takie aktywności manifestują się w pięciu podstawowych typach zachowań wobec dziecka i odzwierciedlają pięć podstawowych cech charakterystycznych tej grupy ojców bajkowych: obojętność, przemoc, autorytarność, nieumiejętność ochrony dziecka i nadkontrolę.
 
Schizma doktrynalna i polityka religijnego sektarianizmu w islamie: Zrozumienie pierwotnej przyczyny sekciarskiego i religijnego terroryzmu na Bliskim Wschodzie i w Afryce Północnej
No full textThe current difficulties and insurgency in Islamic states in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) led this study to examine why this region has seen more volatility than any other region today. Furthermore, the unusual nature of the insurgency and turmoil in this region, particularlywhere Muslims oppose Muslims and Muslim regimes, makes one ask what is the cause. As a result,this study has attempted to analyze today’s Muslim divisions through the lens of schisms in doctrinesand beliefs, which always lead to sectarian divisions. This paper takes a historical journey into the pastto explore the origins of the schisms and their consequences. The emergence of many ulama (or Ayatollahs and Sheikhs) shortly after the Prophet’s death and over the centuries of Islamic religion, each with own claim to piety, teachings, and illuminations, has led to the emergence of many sects, each claiming to be more pious than the others and adhering to the precepts, teachings, and examples laid down in the Qur’an and set by Muhammad. The fundamental differences in ideas and interpretations are what have fueled and generated today’s sectarian and religious difficulties and instability in MENA. As a result, this instability may continue for many years to come, especially when one group sees theothers not only as apostates, but also as an infidels who are divinely intended to be exterminated.Obecne trudności i rebelie w państwach islamskich na Bliskim Wschodzie i w Afryce Północnej (MENA) skłoniły autorów do zbadania, dlaczego ten region odnotowuje większą zmienność niż jakikolwiek inny region na świecie. Co więcej, niezwykły charakter powstań i zamieszekw tym regionie, szczególnie tam, gdzie muzułmanie sprzeciwiają się innym muzułmanom i muzułmańskim reżimom, każe zadać pytanie, co jest tego przyczyną. W rezultacie w niniejszym opracowaniu podjęto próbę przeanalizowania dzisiejszych muzułmańskich podziałówprzez pryzmat schizm w doktrynach i wierzeniach, które zawsze prowadzą do podziałów sekciarskich.Aartykuł ten jest podróżą w przeszłość, która ma na celu zbadanie początków schizm i ich konsekwencji. Pojawienie się wielu ulemów (albo ajatollahów i szejków) wkrótce po śmierci Proroka i na przestrzeni wieków, z których każdy miał własne roszczenia, doprowadziło do powstaniawielu sekt, z których każda twierdzi, że jest bardziej pobożna niż inne i trzyma się przykazań, nauk i przykładów zawartych w Koranie i ustanowionych przez Mahometa. Fundamentalne różnice w ideach i interpretacjach podsycały i generowały dzisiejsze sekciarskie i religijne konflikty oraz niestabilność na Bliskim Wschodzie i w Afryce Północnej. W rezultacie ta niestabilność może trwać jeszcze przez wiele lat, szczególnie gdy jedna grupa postrzega drugą nie tylko jako odstępców, ale także jako niewiernych, których spotka boska eksterminacja
Neural model of the vehicle control system in a racing game. Part 1. Design and its implementation
No full textThe publication consist of two parts. Part 1 contains the results of research on the design, learning and implementation of the Perceptron Artificial Neural Network as a model of neural control of car movement on the racetrack. This part 1 presents the results of studies, including review of the methods used in video racing games from the point of view of the selection of a method that can be used in the own research experiment, selection of the Artificial Neural Network architecture, its teaching method and parameters for the intended research experiment, selection of the data measurement method to be used in ANN training, as well as development design of a car game, its implementation and conducting simulation tests. In designing the game of vehicle traffic on the racetrack, among others, Godot Engine game engine and MATLAB and Simulink programming environment. The numerical data (14 input quantities and two output quantities) for ANN training were prepared with the use of semi-automatic measurement of the race track control points. Part 2 shows i.a. the results of the testing and simulation experiments that confirm the correct functioning of both the game and the model of the neural control system. There were also shown, among others, the possibility of continuing research in the field of increasing the flexibility of the racing game, in particular the flexibility of the vehicle traffic control system through the use ofother artificial intelligence methods, such as ant algorithms or evolutionary algorithms
The Main Security Threats of the West after the Cold War. The Geopolitical Aspect
No full textThe article discusses major threats that the Western society has hadto deal with after the end of the Cold War. This issue seems to be of particularconcern due to the fact that nowadays certain new trends in the world of geopolitics can be observed. Due to the change in the global balance of power afterthe year 1991, the role of the main geostrategic actors has also changed whilenew actors have begun to appear. Among the new challenges for the geostrategic position of the West there are the military ambitions of the Russian Federation and the economic hegemonic aspirations of China. Other threats includeterrorism, mass migration, transnational organized crime, infectious diseases,and environmental degradation.W artykule omówiono niektóre z głównych zagrożeń, z którymi musi się zmierzyć społeczeństwo krajów Zachodu po zakończeniu zimnej wojny. Wydaje się, że kwestia ta budzi szczególne zaniepokojenie ze względu na to, iż obecnie obserwuje się pewne nowe trendy w światowej geopolityce. W związku z transformacją globalnego układu sił po 1991 r. zmieniła się także rola głównych aktorów geostrategicznych i zaczęli pojawiać się nowi aktorzy. Wśród nowych wyzwań dla geostrategicznej pozycji Zachodu są ambicje militarne Federacji Rosyjskiej oraz hegemoniczne aspiracje gospodarcze Chin. Inne zagrożenia obejmują terroryzm, masową migrację, międzynarodową przestępczość zorganizowaną, choroby zakaźne i degradację środowiska
The Daylamite Involvement in the Lazic War (541-562)
No full textIn the Late Antiquity, the Caucasus region had become a battle ground for the Byzantines and the Sasanians. The conflict between the two great empires escalated in the 6th century, when both sides overcame internal conflicts and pursued active foreign policies. The Lazic War (541-562 CE), fought on the territory of modern western Georgia, then the Lazic Kingdom, was one of the most important conflicts of the Late Antiquity and an integral part of the unremitting wars of the Byzantine Emperor Justinian. The conflict witnessed both sides employing combatant populations residing within the borders of their empires. Among them were the Daylamites, a kin-group from the rugged mountains of northern Iran, just south of the Caspian Sea who had long served as mercenaries for various powers. This article discusses the combat culture, tactics, equipment, and role of the Daylamites in the Sasanian military campaigns in the Caucasus in the 6th century CE.In the Late Antiquity, the Caucasus region had become a battle ground for the Byzantines and the Sasanians. The conflict between the two great empires escalated in the 6th century, when both sides overcame internal conflicts and pursued active foreign policies. The Lazic War (541-562 CE), fought on the territory of modern western Georgia, then the Lazic Kingdom, was one of the most important conflicts of the Late Antiquity and an integral part of the unremitting wars of the Byzantine Emperor Justinian. The conflict witnessed both sides employing combatant populations residing within the borders of their empires. Among them were the Daylamites, a kin-group from the rugged mountains of northern Iran, just south of the Caspian Sea who had long served as mercenaries for various powers. This article discusses the combat culture, tactics, equipment, and role of the Daylamites in the Sasanian military campaigns in the Caucasus in the 6th century CE
The Impact of Digital Technologies on Kazakh archivists in the Age of Globalization
No full textBased on the survey questionnaire and interviews with employees of the state archives across Kazakhstan, this article examines the impact of digital technology on Kazakh archivists. Although the impact of information technology on human life in the information age is growing, there is a lack of research in Kazakhstan about how the deep transformation in society engendered by digital technology has affected the national archival system and archivists. It is therefore not fully understood how they can influence and what changes they bring to the archival system in Kazakhstan and archivists. Hence, this study aims to fill the gap in this specific area and contribute to the scholarship on archival science. The results of the study empirically confirm the positive impact of information technology on the work of archivists. The obtained data require a critical approach to the role of information technology in the work of archivists.Based on the survey questionnaire and interviews with employees of the state archives across Kazakhstan, this article examines the impact of digital technology on Kazakh archivists. Although the impact of information technology on human life in the information age is growing, there is a lack of research in Kazakhstan about how the deep transformation in society engendered by digital technology has affected the national archival system and archivists. It is therefore not fully understood how they can influence and what changes they bring to the archival system in Kazakhstan and archivists. Hence, this study aims to fill the gap in this specific area and contribute to the scholarship on archival science. The results of the study empirically confirm the positive impact of information technology on the work of archivists. The obtained data require a critical approach to the role of information technology in the work of archivists
ZARZĄDZANIE RYZYKIEM INWESTYCYJNYM NA PODSTAWIE NOTOWAŃ SPÓŁEK PALIWOWYCH, ROPY I DOLARA
No full textWith the non-random movement of the prices of exchange trading objects in mind, by means of the methods and tools of chaos theory, it is possible to show that price changes are subject to the laws of deterministic chaos. This is a new look at this subject compared to the statistical methods that have been used for years, which in most cases assume that the distribution of the rate of returns of the examined series is normal. The aim of the study is to determine the nature of the changes in oil, dollar and Polish fuel prices: whether they are random or determined. In addition, the second aim is to investigate the cause and effect relationship between the price changes of the above-mentioned stocks. Tools such as rescaled range analysis, mean and variance stability analysis and technical analysis will be used. Conclusions resulting from the examination of the three indicated values should be interesting for capital market participants. The article ends with a short-term forecast for WIG-oil&gas.Mając na uwadze nieprzypadkowy ruch cen przedmiotów handlu giełdowego, metodami i narzędziami teorii chaosu można pokazać, że zmiany cen podlegają prawom chaosu deterministycznego. Jest to nowe spojrzenie na ten temat w porównaniu z metodami statystycznymi stosowanymi od lat, które w większości przypadków zakładają, że rozkład stopy zwrotu z badanej serii jest normalny. Celem pracy jest określenie charakteru zmian cen ropy, dolara i polskich spółek paliwowych: czy są losowe czy zdeterminowane. Ponadto drugim celem jest zbadanie związku przyczynowo skutkowego między zmianami cen wyżej wymienionych walorów giełdowych. Wykorzystane zostaną narzędzia takie jak analiza przeskalowanego zakresu, analiza stabilności średniej i wariancji oraz analiza techniczna. Wnioski wynikające ze zbadania trzech wskazanych walorów powinny być interesujące dla uczestników rynku kapitałowego. Na końcu zamieszczono krótkookresową prognozę WIG-paliwa
WPŁYW PANDEMII COVID-19 NA TRANSPORT KOLEJOWY W POLSCE
No full textIn this article the situation of Polish rail transport during the first and second waves of the COVID-19 pandemic is presented. Noticeable trends of rail transport usage are outlined. Basic parameters such as the number of passengers, the amount of goods transported indicators depicting the state of rail transport in 2020 and 2021 are shown. To learn about the issues, a review of the literature was used, i.e. compact items, scientific articles, and an analysis of statistical data from the Reports of the Railway Transport Office.W artykule przedstawiono sytuację polskiego transportu kolejowego podczas pierwszej i drugiej fali pandemii COVID-19. Nakreślono zauważalne trendy wykorzystania transportu kolejowego. Przedstawiono podstawowe parametry, jak: liczba pasażerów, ilość przewiezionych towarów, wskaźniki obrazujące stan przewozów kolejowych w 2020 i 2021 roku. Do poznania zagadnień wykorzystano przegląd literatury, tj. pozycje zwarte, artykuły naukowe oraz analizę danych statystycznych z Raportów Urzędu Transportu Kolejowego
DIRECT SALE AS ONE OF THE ORGANIZATIONAL FORMS OF LOCAL FOOD SYSTEMS. THE SPATIAL CONCENTRATION OF DIRECT SALE ENTITIES IN POLAND
No full textDirect selling is one of the most common local activities in the agri-food sector. Contemporary trends in the production and consumption of food indicate a duality of food systems, in which the concept of industrialization of the agri-food sector is simultaneously developing together with a concept of local food systems. In this article, it was noticed that the direct sale of agri-food products is in a line with the contemporary trends in the agri-food sector, and that it is important to analyze its spatial patterns. Taking into account the spatial concentration of direct selling entities, it has been proved that their distribution is random and does not show clustering patterns.Direct selling is one of the most common local activities in the agri-food sector. Contemporary trends in the production and consumption of food indicate a duality of food systems in which the concept of the industrialization of the agri-food sector is simultaneously developing together with a concept of local food systems. In this article, it is shown that the direct selling of agri-food products is in line with the contemporary trends in the agri-food sector, and that it is important to analyze its spatial patterns. Taking into account the spatial concentration of direct selling entities, it has been proved that their distribution is random and does not show clustering patterns
FORMATION OF PROFESSIONAL COMPETENCIES IN HEALTH CARE SPECIALISTS FOR WORKING WITH CHILDREN AND ADULTS WITH SPECIAL NEEDS
No full textThe formation of professional competencies in health care professionals to work with children and adults with special needs requires that their training be aimed at: performing a primary assessment of the general condition and development of persons with disabilities, according to the methodology for assessing their needs ; elaboration of an individual plan for each person; filling in the "Card for assessment of the needs of persons with disabilities"; the conclusion and recommendations for working with them. Defining, performing and evaluating the activities of health care professionals requires them to focus on the problem of people with special needs. This presupposes the satisfaction of their vital needs, requirements and needs. People with special needs have different types of disabilities: sensory, physical, mental, multiple disabilities; communication disorders; specific learning disabilities; autism spectrum disorders; emotional and behavioral disorders. Healthcare professionals must be able to collect the necessary information, process it and specify it, through appropriate interventions, and subsequently evaluate the results obtained. This requires logic and systematicity to solve the given health problem of the person with special needs. All this concerns a complete intellectual process.The formation of professional competencies in health care professionals to work with children and adults with special needs requires that their training be aimed at: performing a primary assessment of the general condition and development of persons with disabilities, according to the methodology for assessing their needs ; elaboration of an individual plan for each person; filling in the "Card for assessment of the needs of persons with disabilities"; the conclusion and recommendations for working with them. Defining, performing and evaluating the activities of health care professionals requires them to focus on the problem of people with special needs. This presupposes the satisfaction of their vital needs, requirements and needs. People with special needs have different types of disabilities: sensory, physical, mental, multiple disabilities; communication disorders; specific learning disabilities; autism spectrum disorders; emotional and behavioral disorders. Healthcare professionals must be able to collect the necessary information, process it and specify it, through appropriate interventions, and subsequently evaluate the results obtained. This requires logic and systematicity to solve the given health problem of the person with special needs. All this concerns a complete intellectual process