Czsaopisma Uniwersytetu w Siedlcach
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Achaemenid Settlement in Shiraz Plain: Tol-e Sefid Sadra
No full textShiraz plain is one of the most important plains adjacent to Persepolis. Tirazziš place have been mentioned in the Persepolis Archives many times. For further research on the place name of modern Shiraz with what is mentioned in the Achaemenid’s Archives, it was necessary to carried out an archeological survey in this plain. Objective and methodical archeological researches had not been carried out in the Shiraz plain until 2008. In the process of this new methodical archaeological survey, one of the most important ancient sites of the Achaemenid and Post-Achaemenid periods was identified in the Shiraz plain. According to the ceramic documents, this site was inhabited in the Achaemenid and Post-Achaemenid periods. Shiraz is mentioned in the Persepolis Archives under the Elamite form Tirazziš. This site attests to the situation of the Shiraz plain in the Achaemenid and Post-Achaemenid periods. The introduction of this ancient site provides a new perspective to understand the relationship between the Shiraz plain in the Achaemenid period and its connection with Persepolis.Shiraz plain is one of the most important plains adjacent to Persepolis. Tirazziš place have been mentioned in the Persepolis Archives many times. For further research on the place name of modern Shiraz with what is mentioned in the Achaemenid’s Archives, it was necessary to carried out an archeological survey in this plain. Objective and methodical archeological researches had not been carried out in the Shiraz plain until 2008. In the process of this new methodical archaeological survey, one of the most important ancient sites of the Achaemenid and Post-Achaemenid periods was identified in the Shiraz plain. According to the ceramic documents, this site was inhabited in the Achaemenid and Post-Achaemenid periods. Shiraz is mentioned in the Persepolis Archives under the Elamite form Tirazziš. This site attests to the situation of the Shiraz plain in the Achaemenid and Post-Achaemenid periods. The introduction of this ancient site provides a new perspective to understand the relationship between the Shiraz plain in the Achaemenid period and its connection with Persepolis
The position of the Entente States on the idea of Armenia’s independence (1917 and early 1918)
No full textThe article highlights the emergence of the idea of Armenia’s independence at the end of the First World War. The Russian revolutions and the position of the United States brought new ideas to the problems of colonization and self-determination of nations. In the autumn of 1917, representatives of the great powers began to speak positively about the independence of Armenia. This eventually led to the declaration of independence of Armenia on May 28, 1918. The article is based on archival materials and collections of documents. Many archival sources are introduced into scientific circulation for the first time. The analyzes were presented based on verified facts. The study was conducted by the historicalcomparative method, according to the principle of historicity. An attempt has been made to present the problem in its entirety. In this article, we have revealed the position of Great Britain, France and the United States on the issue of the formation of an independent Armenian state.The article highlights the emergence of the idea of Armenia’s independence at the end of the First World War. The Russian revolutions and the position of the United States brought new ideas to the problems of colonization and self-determination of nations. In the autumn of 1917, representatives of the great powers began to speak positively about the independence of Armenia. This eventually led to the declaration of independence of Armenia on May 28, 1918. The article is based on archival materials and collections of documents. Many archival sources are introduced into scientific circulation for the first time. The analyzes were presented based on verified facts. The study was conducted by the historicalcomparative method, according to the principle of historicity. An attempt has been made to present the problem in its entirety. In this article, we have revealed the position of Great Britain, France and the United States on the issue of the formation of an independent Armenian state
The pottery from Chia Sor, the Qara-Su River basin (Kermanshah, Iran)
No full textChia Sor is a hill located 2 kilometers from the Qarasu River and on the northern slopes of Kuh i Sefid (Kyva Charmi) and south of Kermanshah city. The pottery of this area, is related to Godin III4, III5 and III6. During the author\u27s visit to this site, a number of surface pottery sherds was collected, which the comparative study of the pottery shows that they belong to the Godin III6 period.Chia Sor is a hill located 2 kilometers from the Qarasu River and on the northern slopes of Kuh i Sefid (Kyva Charmi) and south of Kermanshah city. The pottery of this area, is related to Godin III4, III5 and III6. During the author\u27s visit to this site, a number of surface pottery sherds was collected, which the comparative study of the pottery shows that they belong to the Godin III6 period
Solidarity in the Context of Migration: A Philosophical Perspective
No full textSolidarity is a permanent component of social life. In this sense, it becomes a transformative value that clearly connects people and their projects with others. The current situation in the world sharpens the issue of human solidarity. War, migration crises, aggressive globalization, territorial elitism, consumerism, populism, and the ideologization of social discourse lead to the distortion or elimination of the idea of solidarity. Nowadays, there are multi-level and multi-directional changes and transformations in individual and social ethos. Therefore, understanding solidarity requires an analysis of the context in which it is applied, as well as basic scientific assumptions. The article addresses this issue in the context of migration. It consists of three main elements: 1/ Firstly, it explains the philosophical phenomenon of solidarity as a very complex and multi-faceted individual and social reality; 2/ It portrays solidarity as a European virtue and value, which today seems to be experiencing certain difficulties in the EU’s migration policy, particularly revealed by the refugee crisis; 3/ It presents several ways of reflecting on solidarity in the light of representatives of contemporary philosophy and theoreticians of political thought (H.G. Gadamer, J. Dean, A. Grimmel, J. Tischner). These proposals can become an opportunity and a call to reflect on solidarity in times of its axiological and actual deficit.Solidarity is a permanent component of social life. In this sense, it becomes a transformative value that clearly connects people and their projects with others. The current situation in the world sharpens the issue of human solidarity. War, migration crises, aggressive globalization, territorial elitism, consumerism, populism, and the ideologization of social discourse lead to the distortion or elimination of the idea of solidarity. Nowadays, there are multi-level and multi-directional changes and transformations in individual and social ethos. Therefore, understanding solidarity requires an analysis of the context in which it is applied, as well as basic scientific assumptions. The article addresses this issue in the context of migration. It consists of three main elements: 1/ Firstly, it explains the philosophical phenomenon of solidarity as a very complex and multi-faceted individual and social reality; 2/ It portrays solidarity as a European virtue and value, which today seems to be experiencing certain difficulties in the EU’s migration policy, particularly revealed by the refugee crisis; 3/ It presents several ways of reflecting on solidarity in the light of representatives of contemporary philosophy and theoreticians of political thought (H.G. Gadamer, J. Dean, A. Grimmel, J. Tischner). These proposals can become an opportunity and a call to reflect on solidarity in times of its axiological and actual deficit
System Obronny Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej i jego zagrożenia jako fundament obronności państwa
No full textThe changing nature of threats poses Poland with the task of expanding its Defense System. Prior to joining NATO Polish defense was recognized only for military threats, while the effects of change in the twenty-first century need to take into account non-military threats. Today an elaborated definition of defense states that this is an area of national security including integratedopposing political threats -the military using - military and civilian - State resources, and organized defense system. Therefore the catalogue of risks was expanded for the whole Defense System of Poland, which was presented in the article.Zmienny charakter zagrożeń stawia przed Polską zadanie dotyczące rozbudowy jej Systemu Obronnego. Przed wstąpieniem Polski do NATO obronność była odnoszona tylko i wyłącznie do zagrożeń militarnych, natomiast skutki zmian XXI wieku wymagają, by uwzględniała także zagrożenia niemilitarne. Współcześnie wypracowana definicja obronności informuje, iż jest to dziedzina bezpieczeństwa narodowego obejmująca zintegrowane przeciwstawianie się zagrożeniom polityczno-militarnym przy wykorzystaniu wszystkich - wojskowych i cywilnych − zasobów państwa, zorganizowanych w system obronności. W związku z powyższym rozszerzył się także katalog zagrożeń dla całego Systemu Obronności RP, co zostało zaprezentowane w artykule. 
Analiza barier ograniczających przedsiębiorczość w sektorze MSP
No full textSector micro-small and medium enterprises is a key sector of the European Unions’ economy. Without these type of companies there can be no economic development in any country either in the EU nor in the world. The advantage of small and medium-sized enterprises is their flexibility to adapt in a constantly and rapidly changing environment. No less, the size of the company may also be its disadvantage. Entrepreneurs are finding this difficulty when assuming their own business. No credit history and collateral are practically huge obstacles to obtaining financial support on acceptable terms and condition. Reducing barriers to the development of the SME sector helps to improve the economic situation in the European Union. The first part of the paper will be dedicated to the most important factors affecting the development of the SME sector in the European Union countries and Poland. The second section presents the possibilities of bank offers regarding to SMEs in Poland. It exposes the modified bank products including products chosen for the project of the Polish Agency for Enterprise Development: "The planning of the debt financing of SMEs".Sektor mikro-, małych i średnich przedsiębiorstw to kluczowy dział gospodarki Unii Europejskiej. Bez istnienia tego typu firm nie może być mowy o rozwoju gospodarczym w żadnym kraju ani w UE, ani na świecie. Zaletą małych i średnich przedsiębiorstw jest ich elastyczność w dostosowywaniu się do szybko zmieniających się warunków. Niemniej, wielkość firmy może być również jego wadą. Przekonują się o tym niejednokrotnie przedsiębiorcy dopiero zakładający własną działalność. Bez historii kredytowej i zabezpieczeń są praktycznie bez szans na pozyskanie finansowania zwrotnego na akceptowalnych warunkach. Ograniczanie barier rozwojowych sektora MSP na pewno przyczynia się do poprawy sytuacji gospodarczej Unii Europejskiej. W pierwszej części artykułu przedstawione zostaną najważniejsze czynniki warunkujące rozwój sektora MSP w Krajach Unii Europejskiej i w Polsce. Drugą część poświęcono przedstawieniu bankowych możliwości finansowania dłużnego, skierowanego do przedsiębiorstw MŚP w Polsce. Zestawione zostaną zmodyfikowane produkty banków włączonych do oferty produktowej projektu systemowego Polskiej Agencji Rozwoju Przedsiębiorczości pt. „Planowanie działań w MŚP a finansowanie zwrotne”
UZALEŻNIENIE OD PRODUKTÓW PRZEMYSŁU CHEMICZNEGO WYTWARZANYCH Z ROPY NAFTOWEJ I GAZU ZIEMNEGO – W DRODZE DO ZAGŁADY LUDZKOŚCI
No full textThe study presents the consequences of economy’s dependence on chemical industry products made from oil and gas. It is reported that the economy is becoming increasingly dependent on the specified products. Based on the NACE Rev2 classification, the author lists the possible implications for all sectors of the economy of the cutting-off of the supplies of chemical industry products made from oil and gas It is demonstrated that the major consequences of the shortage of such products will be borne by agriculture, health protection, transport, automotive industry and construction. The paper lists the oil and gas processing products which are strategic in terms of the economy. The absence of the products may create a global economic crisis and make human development regress by 250 years.W artykule przedstawiono konsekwencje uzależnienia gospodarki od produktów przemysłu chemicznego wytwarzanych z ropy naftowej i gazu ziemnego. Stwierdzono, że gospodarka w coraz większym stopniu uzależnia się od tych produktów. Bazując na klasyfikacji NACE Rev2 określono konsekwencje, jakie mogą ponieść wszystkie działy gospodarki w związku z odcięciem ich od dostaw produktów przemysłu chemicznego wytwarzanych z ropy naftowej i gazu ziemnego. Stwierdzono, że największe konsekwencje braku tych produktów poniesie rolnictwo, ochrona zdrowia, transport, przemysł samochodowy i budownictwo. Wskazano, jakie są strategiczne – z punktu widzenia gospodarki – produkty pochodzące z przetwórstwa ropy naftowej i gazu ziemnego. Stwierdzono, że brak tych produktów może spowodować globalny kryzys gospodarczy i cofnąć rozwój ludzkości o 250 lat
FUNKCJONOWANIE RODZINY DZIECKA Z NIEPEŁNOSPRAWNOŚCIĄ INTELEKTUALNĄ PO DIAGNOZIE
No full textThe article is devoted to the family situation that may occur after a child is diagnosed with a disability. It presents a case study of one of the co-authors of the text. The article was developed on the basis of an interview with the family and exploring the content of the discussed issue. The essay presents the theoretical part, the diagnosis of a child with intellectual disability and the subsequent functioning of the family.Artykuł jest poświęcony sytuacji rodzinnej, jaka może wystąpić po zdiagnozowaniu u dziecka niepełnosprawności. Przedstawia studium przypadku przeprowadzone przez jedną z autorek. Opracowany został na podstawie wywiadu z rodziną oraz po zgłębieniu treści teoretycznych, dotyczących omawianego zagadnienia Przed-stawiono w nim część teoretyczną, diagnozę dziecka z niepełnosprawnością intelektualną oraz późniejsze funkcjonowanie rodziny
MOŻLIWOŚCI WYKORZYSTANIA SZTUCZNEJ INTELIGENCJI DO WSPIERANIA EDUKACJI INKLUZYJNEJ
No full textArtificial Intelligence is a field of computer science that focuses on creating programs and computer systems capable of performing tasks that require human intelligence. It involves researching and defining the rules governing intelligent human behaviors and applying them in algorithms and programs. Artificial Intelligence\u27s objective is to solve problems, make decisions, learn from data, understand natural language, process images and sounds, among many other capabilities. It is divided into various categories, such as weak AI, strong AI, machine learning, neural networks, and general artificial intelligence. AI has a tremendous impact on various aspects of human life, including industry, transpor-tation, medicine, commerce, agriculture, and education. In education, AI can support students through personalized learning, adaptive learning, speech and text recognition, assistive technologies, identification of students\u27 weaknesses, as well as fostering collabora-tion and communication. The implementation of AI in inclusive education can provide more effective teaching methods, tailor the learning process to individual students\u27 needs, and support students with various difficulties in fully participating in the educational process. However, there are also risks involved, such as a potential lack of critical thinking and empathy in students, as well as dependency on technology, which requires attention and appropriate remedial action.
Sztuczna inteligencja to dziedzina informatyki, skupiająca się na tworzeniu pro-gramów i systemów komputerowych zdolnych do wykonywania zadań wymagających inteligencji ludzkiej. Jest to badanie i określanie reguł rządzących inteligentnymi zachowaniami człowieka, które wykorzystuje się w algorytmach i programach. Sztuczna inteligencja ma za zadanie rozwiązywanie problemów, podejmowanie decyzji, uczenie się na podstawie danych, rozumienie języka naturalnego, przetwarzanie obrazów i dźwięków oraz wiele innych. Dzielona jest na różne kategorie, takie jak sztuczna inteligencja słaba, silna, uczenie maszynowe, sieci neuronowe i sztuczna inteligencja ogólna. Ma ogromny wpływ na różne aspekty ludzkiego życia, w tym na przemysł, transport, medycynę, handel, rolnictwo. W edukacji może wspierać uczniów poprzez personalizację nauczania, uczenie się adaptacyjne, rozpoznawanie mowy i tekstu, technologie asystujące, wykrywanie słabych stron ucznia oraz rozwijanie współpracy i komunikacji. Wykorzystanie sztucznej inteligencji w edukacji inkluzyjnej może zapewnić skuteczniejsze nauczanie, dostosowanie procesu kształcenia do indywidualnych potrzeb uczniów i wspieranie uczniów z różnymi trudnościami w pełnym uczestnictwie w procesie edukacyjnym. Jednakże istnieją także zagrożenia, takie jak brak krytycznego myślenia i empatii u uczniów oraz uzależnienie od technologii, które wymagają uwagi i odpowiednich działań zaradczych