Czsaopisma Uniwersytetu w Siedlcach
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Bohater peryferyjnej Europy. Mężczyźni w podróżniczej prozie Andrzeja Stasiuka
No full textThis analysis focuses on male figures in Andrzej Stasiuk\u27s travel prose, including both Dukla and Going to Babadag, as well as references to Galician Tales. These are not fully-formed literary characters, but men encountered by Stasiuk during his numerous travels across Central-Eastern Europe. By describing these encounters, the writer creates a collective portrait of people that are linked to a specific time and place. The men in these texts are inhabitants of the deep provinces of Central-Eastern Europe in the 1990s and at the turn of the 21st century. The descriptions in regard to appearance, manners, occupation, and the like, allow us totalk about the condition of men in Eastern Europe along with their dependence on the peripheral location.This analysis focuses on male figures in Andrzej Stasiuk\u27s travel prose, including both Dukla and Going to Babadag, as well as references to Galician Tales. These are not fully-formed literary characters, but men encountered by Stasiuk during his numerous travels across Central-Eastern Europe. By describing these encounters, the writer creates a collective portrait of people that are linked to a specific time and place. The men in these texts are inhabitants of the deep provinces of Central-Eastern Europe in the 1990s and at the turn of the 21st century. The descriptions in regard to appearance, manners, occupation, and the like, allow us totalk about the condition of men in Eastern Europe along with their dependence on the peripheral location
Metodologia analizy zależności między parametrami fizycznymi a zmiennymi cen regionalnego zapotrzebowania na energię wiatrową (w zastosowaniu do agregatora łotewskiego)
No full textThe present paper presents the methodology for the complex analysis of correlation and regression dependences of the relationship between the electricity price and the wind power generation in an electricity market of Latvia. The methodology is based on the adaptation of classical mathematical models in relation to the analysis of dependencies using the examples of official statistical data: average hourly consumption and the price of one MWh of electricity for the period 2014-2019; average hourly consumption and price per MWh of wind power in 2019 and similar indicators for peak consumption hours in 2019. The calculated data showed that the polynomial regression models are not suitable for the purposes of the analysis. The use of the sinusoidal dependence of wind power indicators on the number of the month of the year as a basic model for a correlation study is substantiated. A method has been developed for modifying this model for the case when the maximum and minimum outliers of the studied data do not have the same average deviations from the total average. The quantitative analysis has been chosen for assessment of research results. The developed models are recommended to be used as a real-time analytical tool for understanding and evaluating the business model of a regional electricity aggregator in response to supply and demand. The development of the functionality of this aggregator will increase the efficiency of the use of Latvian wind power and increase the level of its energy security. In 2021, the European Commission proposed a strengthening of the EU Energy Efficiency Directive to reduce net greenhouse gas emissions by at least 55% compared to 1990. Russia’s invasion of Ukraine exposed the vulnerability in European energy system and accelerated the need to increase its resilience and independence from Russian fossil fuels.W artykule zaproponowano metodologię kompleksowej analizy zależności korelacyjnych i regresyjnych relacji między ceną energii elektrycznej a produkcją energii wiatrowej na rynku energii elektrycznej, zgodnie z Krajowym Planem Energetyki i Klimatu na lata 2021-2030, w celu zwiększenia udziału odnawialnych źródeł energii (OZE) w wytwarzaniu energii elektrycznej. Zarówno modele biznesowe, jak i technologie regulacji podaży i popytu na energię elektryczną (EE) ulegają istotnym zmianom. Głównym celem Europejskiego Zielonego Ładu jest przekształcenie Europy do 2050 r. w pierwszy na świecie kontynent neutralny dla klimatu. Wykorzystanie energii odnawialnej znacznie zmniejsza zależność od paliw kopalnych jako źródła energii, pomagając ograniczyć emisje gazów cieplarnianych. Rozwój odnawialnych źródeł energii może również pomóc w ustabilizowaniu cen energii w przyszłości, gdy będzie ona stanowić znaczną część miksu energetycznego, który zasila przedsiębiorstwa i gospodarstwa domowe. Dobrowolna optymalizacja zużycia energii elektrycznej i oszczędność energii przez odbiorcę końcowego pociąga za sobą skutki gospodarcze realizowane przez mechanizm Demand Response (DR). Przedstawione adaptowane modele pomagają zrozumieć ten mechanizm i ustalić rozwój łotewskiego regionalnego agregatora, który z kolei wzmacnia bezpieczeństwo energetyczne w krajach Unii Europejskiej oraz poprawia zrównoważenie i odporność energetyczną
Ciężar dowodu: stopień dowodu w postępowaniu sądowym. Doświadczenia Łotwy
No full textTopicality of a subject-matter “Burden of proof in major court proceedings” is based on ambiguous understanding of the standard of proof in legal practice, that is, of the moment when a fact is considered to be proven or unproven. Goal of an article is to research legal regulation of burden of proof in civil procedure, administrative procedure, administrative offence procedure and criminal procedure law and to determine standard of burdens of proof within each of these procedures. Burden of proof, or duty to prove a claimed fact, is an essential element of any evidentiary proceedings. Determination of standard of proof is ambiguously understood issue in legal theory and especially in legal practice. Ambiguous understanding of standard of proof in legal practice may cause determination of unproven facts as proven or vice versa, or even lead to finding innocent persons as guilty. Author, by researching burden of proof in so-called major court proceedings, provides an explanation on legal aspects of its standards.Aktualność tematyki ciężaru dowodu w ważniejszych postępowaniach sądowych” opiera się na niejednoznacznym pojmowaniu standardu dowodowego w praktyce prawniczej, czyli momentu, w którym fakt uznaje się za udowodniony lub nieudowodniony. Celem artykułu jest zbadanie regulacji prawnych ciężaru dowodu w procedurze cywilnej, postępowaniu administracyjnym, postępowaniu w sprawie wykroczeń administracyjnych i procedurze karnej oraz określenie standardów ciężaru dowodu w ramach każdego z tych postępowań. Ciężar dowodu lub obowiązek udowodnienia twierdzonego faktu jest istotnym elementem każdego postępowania dowodowego. Określenie standardu dowodowego jest zagadnieniem niejednoznacznie rozumianym w teorii prawa, a zwłaszcza w praktyce prawniczej. Niejednoznaczne rozumienie standardu dowodowego w praktyce prawniczej może prowadzić do uznania nieudowodnionych faktów za udowodnione lub odwrotnie, a nawet doprowadzić do uznania winnymi osób za niewinne. Autorka, badając ciężar dowodu w postępowaniu sądowym, wyjaśnia prawne aspekty jego standardów
Aspekty bezpieczeństwa i higieny pracy w przedsiębiorstwie zajmującym się produkcją i dystrybucją przewodów poliamidowych
No full textThe article presents occupational health and safety procedures in force in a company dealing in the production of polyamide cables, a company conducting business activity in a way that ensures a high level of occupational safety. The article focuses on regulations and legal acts defining the basic obligations of both the employer and the employee in the field of health and safety, enabling the elimi-nation or reduction of the impact of factors that are dangerous, harmful and burdensome for the em-ployee. Workplaces particularly exposed to the occurrence of work-related events caused by external causes are discussed. Preventive methods of minimizing hazards at the workplace were presented, the special role and involvement of the employer as well as the participation of employees in increasing awareness of hazards, accidents, injuries and occupational diseases were indicated.Artykuł przedstawia procedury bezpieczeństwa i higieny pracy obowiązujące w przedsiębiorstwie zajmującym się produkcją przewodów poliamidowych, prowadzącego działalność biznesową w sposób zapewniający wysoki poziom bezpieczeństwa pracy. W artykule skupiono się na regulacjach i aktach prawnych określających podstawowe obowiązki zarówno pracodawcy, jak i pracownika w zakresie BHP, umożliwiających likwidację lub ograniczenie oddziaływania czynników niebezpiecznych, szkodliwych i uciążliwych dla pracownika. Poddano analizie stanowiska pracy szczególnie narażone na występowanie zdarzeń w związku z pracą, wywołanych przyczyną zewnętrzną. Przedstawiono zapobiegawcze metody minimalizowania zagrożeń na stanowisku pracy, wskazano na szczególną rolę i zaangażowanie pracodawcy w zwiększanie świadomości związanej z zagrożeniami, wypadkami, urazami i chorobami zawodowymi oraz współudział pracowników w tym procesie
Pierwszy rok konfliktu na Ukrainie: konsekwencje polityczne i wojskowe dla Europy Środkowo-Wschodniej
No full textThe outcome of the conflict in Ukraine will bring fundamental political, military, economic and social consequences, and define global and regional balance of power and fate of number of international organizations, including European Union and NATO. The aim of this paper is to analyze political and military consequences of the first year of the conflict in Ukraine for countries of Central and Eastern Europe, including the Baltic States and further development of trans-Atlantic link for European security, including development of NATO Alliance until 2030. Fundamentally different threat perception in Russian Federation and in NATO, EU countries, and Ukraine led to the beginning of military action of Russian Federation against Ukraine in February 24, 2022. Since then, military conflict in Ukraine has evolved into full-scale war on terrain of Ukraine, and increasingly negative escalation of political, military and economic relationships between Russian Federation and NATO, EU and other actors, bringing parties to nuclear standoff. War in Ukraine has brought substantial political and military endurance test for NATO and European Union. The immediate political consequences of the first year of war in Ukraine have been outlined in NATO Summit in Madrid in summer of 2022 and in NATO Agenda 2030. Continuation of NATO Open Door Policy has led to invitation of Finland and Sweden to join the Alliance thus fundamentally changing security environment in Central and Eastern Europe and the Baltic Sea Region. The Summit also declared to strengthen military posture on the Eastern flank of the Alliance thus countering hypothetical military threat of Russian Federation to the Baltic States and Central and Eastern European states. From the pure military perspective- NATO has substantially increased military support of Ukraine via creation of decision-making platform of Ramstein format as well as increasing understanding of NATO members for need to spend more resources allocated to defense. On the other hand, European Union has granted status of candidate for Ukraine, as well as provided continuous economic and financial support for Ukraine. Moreover, European Union has staged continuous and increasing policy of economic sanctions towards Russian Federation. However, despite substantial increase of political and military coherence and coordination of efforts of NATO and EU countries after the first year of the war in Ukraine, there are mounting challenges and risks. Firstly, increasing economic challenges in EU and NATO member- states which, subsequently, can lead to fundamental political consequences thus leading to diminished political and military support to Ukraine. Secondly, potential challenges for further military support of Ukraine and NATO Open Door Policy. NATO members- Turkey and Hungary-have different point of view on the enlargement of the Alliance and support of Ukraine. Thirdly, global and regional attitudes towards war in Ukraine and, predominantly, Western coalition of support for Ukraine. People’s Republic of China, India, Africa, Central and Latin America, other global and regional actors are mostly neutral towards war in Ukraine thus avoiding political and economic confrontation with Russian Federation. Yet another fundamental challenge: NATO countries are continuing to provide Ukraine with increasingly effective and sophisticated weapon systems which can lead to direct military confrontation between Russian Federation and NATO/The United States in 2023. Taking into account previously mentioned risks and challenges, it is obvious that there are several scenarios of development of war in Ukraine ranging from complete military victory for Ukraine and, subsequently, for the West to complete military victory of Russian Federation in Ukraine via long-term warfare of attrition.Wynik konfliktu na Ukrainie przyniesie fundamentalne konsekwencje polityczne, militarne, gospodarcze i społeczne, określając globalną i regionalną równowagę sił oraz losy szeregu organizacji międzynarodowych, w tym Unii Europejskiej i NATO. Celem niniejszego artykułu jest analiza politycznych i militarnych konsekwencji pierwszego roku konfliktu na Ukrainie dla krajów Europy Środkowo-Wschodniej, w tym państw bałtyckich oraz dalszego rozwoju więzi transatlantyckiego, w tym rozwoju NATO do 2030 roku. Zasadniczo odmienne postrzeganie zagrożeń w Federacji Rosyjskiej oraz w NATO, krajach UE i w Ukrainie doprowadziło do rozpoczęcia działań wojskowych Federacji Rosyjskiej przeciwko Ukrainie 24 lutego 2022 roku. Od tego czasu konflikt zbrojny w Ukrainie przekształcił się w wojnę i przekłada się na coraz bardziej negatywną eskalację stosunków politycznych, wojskowych i gospodarczych pomiędzy Federacją Rosyjską a NATO, UE i innymi aktorami, doprowadzając strony do nuklearnego impasu. Wojna w Ukrainie jest zatem poważnym sprawdzianem wytrzymałości politycznej i militarnej dla NATO i Unii Europejskiej. Oczywistym jest, że istnieje kilka scenariuszy rozwoju wojny w Ukrainie, począwszy od całkowitego zwycięstwa militarnego Ukrainy, a tym samym Zachodu, po całkowite zwycięstwo militarne Federacji Rosyjskiej w konsekwencji długotrwałej wojny na wyniszczenie
Analysis of data quoted on the Day-Ahead Market of TGE S.A. using Statistics and Machine Learning Toolbox
No full textThe publication contains the results of research in the field of cluster analysis carried out using data quoted on the Day-Ahead Market of TGE S.A. Two methods were used in the analysis, one hierarchical known as the Ward’s method, and the other non-hierarchical - the k-means method. Many interesting research results have been obtained, which are illustrated, among others, in in the form of dendrograms, silhouette graphs and graphs in the form of clusters. Data on the volume and the volumeweighted average price of electricity were examined for various types of quotations: fixing 1, fixing 2 and continuous quotations. The research was carried out in the MATLAB and Simulink environments using a library called Machine and Statistics Learning Toolbox. Selected test results were interpreted
ICT security in revenue administration - incidents, security incidents - detection, response, resolve
No full textThe article shows the author\u27s approach to the methods of acquiring and analyzing reports and security incidents, categorizing their sources in relation to the literature describing ICT security threats, taking into account the legal regulations in force in the Polish public administration. Methods of verification and analysis of detected threats, methods of threat resolution were presented. Tools and procedures used to evaluate reported incidents and assess the threat level of reported incidents were discussed. The incidents and events identified in the period April 2018 - February 2022 were analyzed. Due to the implementation of remote work, there were challenges related to the need to ensure secure remote access to ICT systems of the tax administration. This entailed the need to develop other methods of analysis, response and development of procedures for safe use of workstations by employees providing remote work. The article shows a wide variety of events that members of the security incident response team had to deal with. The obtained results will also be compared with the conducted scientific research on the perception of security threats in public administration and how changes in IT service in the studied organization influenced security management and affect the developed model of combating intentional security threats to information systems
Analysis of a web application supporting gym management in terms of control and systems theory
No full textAn analysis of the web application supporting the management of the gym was carried out, which was designed in terms of the theory of control and systems. The obtained results of measurements of input and output quantities of selected subsystems were used to carry out the identification, as a result of which models of web application subsystems were obtained. On the basis of the obtained subsystem models, appropriate models were then designed in Simulink for the purposes of simulation and comparative studies of the behavior of subsystem models in relation to real systems that are web applications, including an appropriate analysis of the web application system model was carried out under the name of the gym on its selected subsystems, including in particular the subsystem called Generating a diet. In addition, testing and simulation studies were carried out to check the correct functioning of the web application management system model and the introduction of appropriate changes to the model was proposed, and the obtained research results were discussed, indicating the high accuracy of the obtained web application models
Самосознание современной личности и проблема социальной ответственности
No full textThe article presents an examination of the problem of self-awareness of the personality and social responsibility of the subject, taking into account the presence of contradictions, risks and threats of modern society. The theoretical constructions of A. Schweitzer, K. Manheim, K. Lorenz, E. Fromm, A. Spirkin, L. Skvortsov and other researchers are analyzed whose works reflect objective and subjective aspects of the functioning of self-awareness and social responsibility.В статье представлено рассмотрение проблемы самосознания личности и социальной ответственности субъекта, принимая во внимание наличие противоречий, рисков и угроз современного общества. Анализируются теоретические построения А. Швейцера, К. Манхейма, К. Лоренца, Э. Фромма, А. Спиркина, Л. Скворцова и других исследователей, в работах которых отражены объективные и субъективные аспекты функционирования самосознания и социльной ответственности
