Czsaopisma Uniwersytetu w Siedlcach
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National and Ethnic Minorities in Poland: Zbigniew Kurcz, From Nationalities to National Minorities in Poland, Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Wrocławskiego, Wrocław 2022, pp. 605
No full textAchaemenid settlements in the Shiraz, Sepidan and Kavar Plains, Iran
No full textIn 2008, for the first time, an archaeological full coverage survey on Shiraz plain and its adjacent plains was conducted under the supervision of the author of this report. As a result of this survey, a different perspective was obtained from the settlements of the ancient period in particular the Achaemenid period from Shiraz plain and its southern plain, Kavar plain, and the northern plain, namely Sepidan plain. In this paper, the archeological sites of the Achaemenid period of these plains are introduced, discussed and evaluated.In 2008, for the first time, an archaeological full coverage survey on Shiraz plain and its adjacent plains was conducted under the supervision of the author of this report. As a result of this survey, a different perspective was obtained from the settlements of the ancient period in particular the Achaemenid period from Shiraz plain and its southern plain, Kavar plain, and the northern plain, namely Sepidan plain. In this paper, the archeological sites of the Achaemenid period of these plains are introduced, discussed and evaluated
Investigating the Scenes of Daily Activities on Ancient Elamite seals during the Susa II Period
No full textA seal is typically made of stone or mineral material, ivory, shell, metal, wood, clay, or a combination of bitumen, and usually bears an engraved design. In this study, we aim to examine and analyze the scenes related to daily activities depicted on Elamite seals. In this research, 29 seal impressions associated with scenes of daily activities from the Susa II period have been investigated and evaluated. The selection of these seal impressions was based on factors such as the clear location of discovery, precise dating, clarity of the designs and scenes on the seal (lack of damage to the engraving), and the credibility of the source providing information about the seal and its impression. In this study, Elamite seals (Susa II) have been compared in terms of iconography, classification, and then with contemporaneous seals in Mesopotamia. Generally, the motifs observed on Elamite seals of the Susa II period that can be classified within the framework of daily activities include: agriculture and cultivation, animal husbandry, issuance and transportation of goods, activities related to grain storage, workshop activities, hunting, and minstrelsy. By examining these motifs, it can be observed that women were often engaged in agricultural activities, work in various workshops such as pottery and weaving, and some activities related to animal husbandry, while men were engaged in more physically demanding and time-consuming tasks; for example, men were more involved in agriculture, hunting, animal husbandry, and laboring.A seal is typically made of stone or mineral material, ivory, shell, metal, wood, clay, or a combination of bitumen, and usually bears an engraved design. In this study, we aim to examine and analyze the scenes related to daily activities depicted on Elamite seals. In this research, 29 seal impressions associated with scenes of daily activities from the Susa II period have been investigated and evaluated. The selection of these seal impressions was based on factors such as the clear location of discovery, precise dating, clarity of the designs and scenes on the seal (lack of damage to the engraving), and the credibility of the source providing information about the seal and its impression. In this study, Elamite seals (Susa II) have been compared in terms of iconography, classification, and then with contemporaneous seals in Mesopotamia. Generally, the motifs observed on Elamite seals of the Susa II period that can be classified within the framework of daily activities include: agriculture and cultivation, animal husbandry, issuance and transportation of goods, activities related to grain storage, workshop activities, hunting, and minstrelsy. By examining these motifs, it can be observed that women were often engaged in agricultural activities, work in various workshops such as pottery and weaving, and some activities related to animal husbandry, while men were engaged in more physically demanding and time-consuming tasks; for example, men were more involved in agriculture, hunting, animal husbandry, and laboring
The Deportation of the Poles to Kazakhstan: Ethnic Cleansing, Collective Suffering, and Cultural Assimilation
No full textThe paper explores and analyzes one of the darkest pages of the history of the Polish people linked to the deportation of the Poles from Ukraine in 1936 and from Ukraine and Belarus in 1940-1941 to Kazakhstan. The central argument of the study is that the deportation of Poles from their historical homeland was carried out based exclusively on their ethnicity. We argue that the real intention of the Soviet regime’s genocidal policy was not confined only to the collective punishment and extermination of Poles as a distinct ethnic group, but the regime also sought to subject the deported Poles to slave labor exploitation for profit and to forced Russification. The assumption here is that Poles were uprooted from their homeland not only for extermination, but also the Soviet regime considered Poles to be an important component of its nation building project and their assimilation into Russian-dominated society was on the totalitarian regime’s agenda. The theoretical basis of this study constitutes the concept of ethnification of Stalinism, yet we add another dimension to our research, namely we employ the concept of racialization as a theoretical underpinning of the study to further deepen our analysis and indicate how ethnic identity of Poles was racialized. The study draws upon archival sources and the extant literature on the history of deportation in the Soviet Union, specifically we increasingly focus on Polish deportees’ collective and individual experiences who went through horrendous dehumanization and brutalization in exile in various parts of Kazakhstan between 1936 and 1956.The paper explores and analyzes one of the darkest pages of the history of the Polish people linked to the deportation of the Poles from Ukraine in 1936 and from Ukraine and Belarus in 1940-1941 to Kazakhstan. The central argument of the study is that the deportation of Poles from their historical homeland was carried out based exclusively on their ethnicity. We argue that the real intention of the Soviet regime’s genocidal policy was not confined only to the collective punishment and extermination of Poles as a distinct ethnic group, but the regime also sought to subject the deported Poles to slave labor exploitation for profit and to forced Russification. The assumption here is that Poles were uprooted from their homeland not only for extermination, but also the Soviet regime considered Poles to be an important component of its nation building project and their assimilation into Russian-dominated society was on the totalitarian regime’s agenda. The theoretical basis of this study constitutes the concept of ethnification of Stalinism, yet we add another dimension to our research, namely we employ the concept of racialization as a theoretical underpinning of the study to further deepen our analysis and indicate how ethnic identity of Poles was racialized. The study draws upon archival sources and the extant literature on the history of deportation in the Soviet Union, specifically we increasingly focus on Polish deportees’ collective and individual experiences who went through horrendous dehumanization and brutalization in exile in various parts of Kazakhstan between 1936 and 1956
Słów kilka o siedemnastowiecznym utworze Přemyšlování o dokonalosti křesťanské –pol. Rozmyślania o doskonałości chrześcijańskiej w okresie pobiałogórkimw trakcie trwania wojny trzydziestoletniej
No full textThis article presents the first years of John Amos Comenius after the defeat of the Battle of White Mountain in 1620 and what repressions were immediately applied to dissenters who did not convert to Catholicism in the Habsburg concept. Comenius had to hide, he was separated from his pregnant wife. Longing for her caused him to write a medium-sized Christian-philosophical treatise for her in 1622, entitled Přemyšlování o křesťanské dokonalosti, English: Reflections on Christian Perfection. He comforts and reassures his wife, writing to her to always willingly imitate God even in tears, regardless of happiness and unhappiness, joy and sorrow, laughter and tears. All „Christian perfection” really depends on several factors, i.e. mainly on acting, carrying out and enduring all God\u27s will. Comenius from the bottom of his heart wants God to be our greatest consolation, our most precious treasure and our noblest share. This article, together with the translation of this work (i.e. dedication, 12 chapters, conclusion, prayer with a preface to the new edition) is intended to broaden Polish comeniology in many respects.W niniejszym artykule zostały zaprezentowane pierwsze lata Jana Amosa Komeńskiego po przegranej bitwie na Białej Górze w 1620 roku, a także represje, jakie były stosowane wobec innowierców, którzy nie przeszli na katolicyzm w koncepcji habsburskiej. Komeński musiał się ukrywać, został odseparowany od ciężarnej żony. Tęsknota za nią spowodowała, że napisał dla niej w 1622 roku średniej wielkości traktat chrześcijańsko-filozoficzny pt. Přemyšlování o dokonalosti křesťanské, pol. Rozmyślania o doskonałości chrześcijańskiej. Pociesza i uspokaja żonę, pisząc do niej, by zawsze chętnie naśladowała Boga nawet we łzach, nie patrząc na szczęście i nieszczęście, radość i smutek, śmiech i płacz. Cała „chrześcijańska doskonałość” zależy tak naprawdę od kilku czynników, tj. głównie od działania, wykonywania i znoszenia wszelakiej woli Bożej. Komeński z głębi serca pragnie, by Bóg był naszym największym pocieszeniem, najcenniejszym skarbem i najszlachetniejszym udziałem. Artykuł ten wraz z tłumaczeniem tego dzieła (tj. z dedykacją, 12 rozdziałami, zakończeniem, modlitwą wraz z przedmową do nowego wydania) ma pod wieloma względami poszerzyć polską komeniologię
Humanism and concern for human development in the views of Jan Amos Komensky and Edward Abramowski. Interpretation of selected life events from a psychohistorical perspective
No full textW artykule ukazano podobieństwo doświadczeń i cech osobowości Jana Amosa Komeńskiego oraz Edwarda Abramowskiego – dwóch wybitnych myślicieli z różnych epok i krajów. Obu łączył głęboki humanizm i troska o rozwój człowieka. Ich działalność wynikała z niezgody na zastaną rzeczywistość, a oświata i wychowanie miały być według nich narzędziami zmiany społecznej oraz emancypacji politycznej i ekonomicznej. Próba analizy ich życiorysów w ujęciu psychohistorycznym podkreśla potrzebę kształtowania nie tylko wiedzy, ale także wartości i postaw sprzyjających rozwojowi pełnych, świadomych osobowości. Skłania jednocześnie do refleksji nad aktualnością i odkrywczością wielu aspektów ich filozofii społecznej. Ideały, o których pisali w swoich pracach, dbałość o nieograniczone możliwości rozwoju osobowości, afirmacja jednostki i jej roli w życiu społecznym – świadczą o tym, że byli humanistami wielkiego formatu.The article highlights numerous similar experiences and personality traits of Jan Amos Komeński and Edward Abramowski, two eminent thinkers from different eras and countries. Both were united by profound humanism and a concern for human development. Their activities stemmed from dissatisfaction with the existing reality, viewing education and upbringing as tools for social change and political and economic emancipation. An attempt to analyze their biographies from a psychohistorical perspective underscores the need to shape not only knowledge, but also values and attitudes conducive to the development of complete, conscious personalities. It simultaneously prompts reflection on the relevance and originality of many aspects of their social philosophy. The ideals they wrote about in their works, their care for the unlimited possibilities of personality development, and the affirmation of the individual and their role in social life testify that they were humanists of great stature
John Amos Comenius and Ukraine (attempt to summarise research and bibliography)
No full textCelem artykułu jest przedstawienie najważniejszych aspektów tematu „Jan Amos Komeński versus Ukraina” na przestrzeni czterech wieków: od czasów Bogdana Chmielnickiego do początku wojny rosyjsko-ukraińskiej w roku 2022. W takim kontekście historycznym zostały uwzględnione współczesne dyskursy naukowe, bezpośrednio związane z problemem stosunku Komeńskiego do kozaków zaporoskich oraz ukraińskiej recepcji tekstów i idei wielkiego czeskiego teologa i pedagoga. Drugą część artykułu stanowi bibliografia niezbędnych dla badaczy najważniejszych pozycji podzielona na pięć części: 1) pozycje źródłowe, 2) podstawowe badania ogólne, dotyczące tematu, 3) tłumaczenia tekstów Komeńskiego na język ukraiński, 4) monografie autorów ukraińskich dotyczące życia i twórczości Komeńskiego, 5) wykaz najważniejszych pozycji w czasopismach oraz pracach zbiorowych.The article presents a comprehensive overview of the key aspects of the theme \u27John Amos Comenius versus Ukraine\u27 over four centuries, from the era of Bohdan Khmelny-tsky to the onset of the Russo-Ukrainian war in 2022. In this historical context, the article considers contemporary scholarly discourses directly related to the issue of Comenius\u27 attitude towards the Zaporozhian Cossacks and the Ukrainian reception of the texts and ideas of the great Czech theologian and pedagogue. The second part of the article presents a bibliography of key items that are essential for researchers, divided into five sections: 1) primary sources, 2) secondary sources, 3) Comenius’ works in Ukrainian, 4) monographs by Ukraini-an authors about Comenius, 5) studies on selected topics by Ukrainian authors
The concepts of HOME and DESERT as antipodes in an axiological sense as an example from a modern novel
No full textWspółczesny świat uważany jest za globalną wioskę, zaś współcześni ludzie za nomadów. Pojęcie nomadów jest wręcz związane z niektórymi współczesnymi zawodami, ponieważ istnieje możliwość pracy z domu na całym świecie. W takim złożonym i zagmatwanym kontekście podjęto próbę zrekonstruowania definicji DOMU oraz PUSTYNI jako jego przeciwieństwa. Inspiracją do takiego zestawienia była lektura powieści Osobisty numer identyfikacyjny autorstwa współczesnej macedońskiej, a także europejskiej pisarki Lidii Dimkowskiej. Ona sama jest kimś w rodzaju współczesnego pisarza „nomady” (który nie ma jednego, jedynego miejsca zamieszkania). Aby zdefiniować pojęcia DOMU, GOSPODARZA, PUSTYNI z perspektywy aksjologicznej, przeprowadzono ankietę wśród grupy studentów pierwszego roku Wydziału Nauk o Edukacji w Sztipie. W analizie uwzględniono również semantyczne określenia tych konceptów w Słowniku języka macedońskiego (Толковен речник на македонскиот јазик).The modern world is considered a global village. Modern people for nomads. The term nomad is even associated with certain modern professions. There is the possibility of working from home to work all over the world. In such a mixed and confused context, we attempt to define the concept HOME and the concept DESERT, as its antipode. The inspiration for such a contrast emerges to us by reading the novel Personal Identification Number by the contemporary Macedonian and European writer Lidija Dimkovska. She herself is a kind of a modern “nomad” writer (who does not have a one and only HOME in a lifetime). In order to define these concepts from an axiological point of view, we conducted a survey among of first-year students at the Faculty of Educational Sciences in Shtip. The concepts they had to define were: HOME, HOST(MAN) and DESERT. In the analysis we also take into account the semantic definitions for these concepts as suggested in the Interpretive Dictionary of the Macedonian Language
ANALIZA PORÓWNAWCZA INCYDENTÓW ZWIĄZANYCH Z BEZPIECZEŃSTWEM INFORMACJI W ADMINISTRACJI PUBLICZNEJ W WYBRANYCH KRAJACH UNII EUROPEJSKIEJ
No full textThe article presents the issue of information security incident management in public administration. The goal of security incident management is to minimize the negative impact of incidents and ensure the continuity of the organization\u27s operations. It is critical to know what the threats are, including the number and types of incidents reported. The article outlines key incident management and legal issues related to the topic of security incidents and the work of computer incident response teams. Examples of incidents that took place recently in public administration units in Poland were also presented. This was followed by an analysis of statistical data on reported incidents in Poland in the years 2020-2022, and the results were compared with the number of incidents reported in selected European Union countries. The results of the study show that the dominant type of incidents is fraud (mainly phishing), and public administration is one of the main targets of cybercriminals\u27 attacks. Difficulties in conducting such comparative analysis have also been demonstrated.Artykuł przedstawia problematykę zarządzania incydentami związanymi z bezpieczeństwem informacji w administracji publicznej. Celem zarządzania incydentami bezpieczeństwa jest minimalizacja negatywnego wpływu incydentów oraz zapewnienie ciągłości działania organizacji. Niezwykle istotna jest wiedza o zagrożeniach, w tym o liczbie i typach zgłaszanych incydentów. W artykule przedstawiono kluczowe kwestie dotyczące zarządzania incydentami oraz zagadnienia prawne związane z tematyką incydentów bezpieczeństwa i pracą zespołów reagowania na incydenty komputerowe. Przedstawiono również przykłady incydentów, jakie miały miejsce ostatnio w jednostkach administracji publicznej w Polsce. Następnie przeprowadzono analizę danych statystycznych o raportowanych incydentach w Polsce w latach 2020-2022, a wyniki porównano z liczbami incydentów zgłaszanych w wybranych krajach Unii Europejskiej. Wyniki badania pokazują, że dominującym typem incydentów są oszustwa (głównie phishing), a administracja publiczna jest jednym z głównych celów ataków cyberprzestępców. Wykazano również trudności w przeprowadzaniu takich analiz porównawczych