Czsaopisma Uniwersytetu w Siedlcach
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Potrzeba bezpieczeństwa w opiniach studentów z Polski i Słowacji
No full textThe aim of this study was to compare the level of satisfaction of security needs, the assessment of social order, and the attitude of life dissatisfaction among students from Poland and Slovakia. The study was conducted using the diagnostic survey method, involving a sample of 485 students aged 19–30, including 325 from Poland and 160 from Slovakia. The results were subjected to statistical analysis using ANOVA, chi-square, and post hoc Tukey HSD tests to identify differences between the groups. The results indicate that Polish students, both male and female, experience a higher level of security satisfaction than their peers from Slovakia. Significant differences were observed among Slovak males, who exhibited a notably lower sense of security. Furthermore, students in both countries highly value social order, but the analysis showed that Slovak women express the strongest appreciation for the value of social order. Regarding life dissatisfaction, Slovak students, especially males, demonstrated higher levels of dissatisfaction compared to Polish students. Based on the findings, there are significant differences between students from Poland and Slovakia in terms of security satisfaction and life dissatisfaction, while social order is highly valued in both countries. The results suggest that cultural and socio-economic contexts may play an important role in shaping students\u27 sense of security and attitudes towards life. The study provides a basis for further research on differences in the perception of security and quality of life among students in different countries.Celem niniejszego badania było porównanie poziomu zaspokojenia potrzeby bezpieczeństwa, oceny ładu społecznego oraz postawy rozczarowania życiem wśród studentów z Polski i Słowacji. Badanie przeprowadzono metodą sondażu diagnostycznego, obejmując próbę 485 studentów w wieku 19–30 lat, w tym 325 z Polski i 160 ze Słowacji. Wyniki zostały poddane analizie statystycznej za pomocą testów ANOVA, chi-kwadrat i post hoc Tukey HSD w celu identyfikacji różnic między grupami. Wyniki wskazują, że studenci z Polski, zarówno mężczyźni, jak i kobiety, odczuwają wyższy poziom zaspokojenia potrzeby bezpieczeństwa niż ich rówieśnicy ze Słowacji. Istotne różnice zaobserwowano wśród mężczyzn ze Słowacji, którzy wykazywali znacznie niższe poczucie bezpieczeństwa. Ponadto studenci w obu krajach wysoko cenią sobie ład społeczny, jednak analiza wykazała, że kobiety ze Słowacji wyrażają najsilniejsze uznanie dla wartości ładu społecznego. W kwestii postawy rozczarowania życiem, studenci ze Słowacji, zwłaszcza mężczyźni, wykazywali wyższy poziom rozczarowania w porównaniu do studentów z Polski. Na podstawie wyników stwierdzono, że istnieją istotne różnice między studentami z Polski i Słowacji w zakresie zaspokojenia potrzeby bezpieczeństwa oraz poziomu rozczarowania życiem, natomiast ład społeczny jest wysoko ceniony w obu krajach. Wyniki sugerują, że kontekst kulturowy i społeczno-ekonomiczny może odgrywać znaczącą rolę w kształtowaniu poczucia bezpieczeństwa i postaw studentów wobec życia. Badanie dostarcza podstaw do dalszych badań nad różnicami w percepcji bezpieczeństwa i jakości życia studentów w różnych krajach
Guardia Civil in the National Security Structure of the Kingdom of Spain
No full textCelami artykułu są: analiza genezy powstania formacji Guardia Civil, analiza struktury organizacyjnej tejże formacji, a także zakresu jej kompetencji. Jednakże nadrzędnym celem badawczym jest określenie Guardia Civil jako formacji policyjnej, wojskowej bądź hybrydowej. W pracy zostanie wykorzystana metoda analizy aktów prawnych oraz analiza instytucjonalna. Analizie zostaną poddane hiszpańskie akty prawne, literatura, teksty publicystyczne, jak i hiszpańskie formacje porządku publicznego z wyszczególnieniem Guardia Civil. Elementem, który pozwoli na usytuowanie opisywanej formacji w strukturze bezpieczeństwa narodowego państwa stanie się analiza porównawcza Guardia Civil, Policía Nacional i Policía Local. W rozdziale charakteryzującym strukturę bezpieczeństwa Hiszpanii, w części porównawczej uwzględnione zostaną również służby lokalne oraz Siły Zbrojne. Artykuł składa się z wprowadzenia oraz siedmiu rozdziałów merytorycznych, opisujących kolejno podejmowaną problematykę. Pracę konkluduje podsumowanie, w którym zamieszczono wnioski, odnoszące się do postawionych celów badawczych.The objectives of the article are to analyze the origins of the Guardia Civil formation, to analyze the organizational structure of the formation, as well as the scope of its competence. However, the overarching research goal is to define the Guardia Civil as a police, military or hybrid formation. The paper will use the method of legal act analysis and institutional analysis. The analysis of will include Spanish legal acts, literature, journalistic texts as and Spanish public order formations with a special focus on the Guardia Civil. A comparative analysis of the Guardia Civil, Policía Nacional and Policía Local will become an element that will allow to situate the described formation in the national security structure of the country. In the chapter characterizing Spain\u27s security structure, the comparative section will also include local services and the Armed Forces. The article consists of an introduction and seven substantive chapters, describing the issues addressed in turn. The work concludes with a summary, which includes conclusions, relating to the research objectives set
Supporting the Development of Spatial Orientation Skills of Blind People Using Binaural Sounds in VSR Game
No full textSpatial orientation skills are crucial for the comfortable everyday functioning of blind individuals and affect their physical and mental well-being. Developing spatial orientation is usually carried out through traditional training courses without the support of electronic tools. Training them in a natural city environment, even under the supervision of an instructor, is often a very stressful process for the student. This paper proposes a solution for a simplified city space simulator created as a game using 3-dimensional binaural sounds. This simulator can be used at home to develop basic spatial orientation skills for blind people. While feedback from testing by three blind users was positive, the limited scope of this initial evaluation underscores the need for developing more advanced applications supporting the teaching of spatial orientation to blind users
Audio description fairy tales and their use in speech therapy
No full textArtykuł dotyczy propozycji wykorzystania bajek audiodeskrypcyjnych w terapii logopedycznej pacjentów chorych na stwardnienie rozsiane. Na bazie autorskiej bajki do-konano prezentacji możliwego zastosowania i wykorzystania tej właśnie formy w terapii. Prezentowane rozwiązanie jest przykładem, który można, a nawet należy modyfikować pod kątem trudności logopedycznych u pacjentów. Warto pamiętać, że audiodeskrypcja i bajki powstałe na jej bazie, dają szerokie możliwości wykorzystania nie tylko w logopedii.The article concerns the proposal of using audio description fairy tales in speech therapy for patients with multiple sclerosis. Based on the fairy tale, a presentation of the possible application and use of this form in therapy was made. The presented solution is an example that can and even should be modified in terms of speech therapy difficulties in patients. It is worth remembering that audio description and fairy tales based on it offer wide possibilities of use not only in speech therapy
The same, yet somehow different: The character of Hercule Poirot in Agatha Christie’s final stories: The Capture of Cerberus and The Incident of the Dog’s Ball
No full textThe focus of this article is Hercule Poirot, one of the primary detectives featured in Agatha Christie’s crime novels. In examining the changes observable in his emotionality and behaviours, particular attention is given to Agatha Christie’s Secret Notebooks by John Curran. This book includes two short stories, variants of the previously published works, that Agatha Christie could not publish during her lifetime for various reasons. Other works by Christie as well as the television series “Poirot” (1989-2013) are also considered for the sake of context. The article aims to highlight the characteristics that are somewhat incongruent with the hero’s established persona, such as sensuality and a resurrected after many years “blind love” for Vera Rossakoff; his love for animals; a fondness for vodka and other spirits; athleticism; in addition, certain cruelty and alignment with evil. The author reflects on the motivation of both the character and the writer herself, who shaped Poirot in this particular manner.
The focus of this article is Hercule Poirot, one of the primary detectives featured in Agatha Christie’s crime novels. In examining the changes observable in his emotionality and behaviours, particular attention is given to Agatha Christie’s Secret Notebooks by John Curran. This book includes two short stories, variants of the previously published works, that Agatha Christie could not publish during her lifetime for various reasons. Other works by Christie as well as the television series “Poirot” (1989-2013) are also considered for the sake of context. The article aims to highlight the characteristics that are somewhat incongruent with the hero’s established persona, such as sensuality and a resurrected after many years “blind love” for Vera Rossakoff; his love for animals; a fondness for vodka and other spirits; athleticism; in addition, certain cruelty and alignment with evil. The author reflects on the motivation of both the character and the writer herself, who shaped Poirot in this particular manner
On heterogeneous masculinity: Harper Lee’s novel To kill a Mockingbird
No full textIn the novel To Kill a Mockingbird, contemporary American writer Harper Lee, presents a series of vividly drawn images of masculine figures. The main character is a representation of what might be termed a ‘real’ man: honest, fair, courageous, determined, and casual. The other characters, despite appearing somewhat in the shadow of the protagonist, are also worthy of consideration as subjects for literary interpretation.In the novel To Kill a Mockingbird, contemporary American writer Harper Lee, presents a series of vividly drawn images of masculine figures. The main character is a representation of what might be termed a ‘real’ man: honest, fair, courageous, determined, and casual. The other characters, despite appearing somewhat in the shadow of the protagonist, are also worthy of consideration as subjects for literary interpretation
Manufacturing and Trade of Dual-Use Microelectronics: Perspective ofState Security in Poland. Research Reconnaissance
No full textW artykule opisano współczesną pozycję Polski na globalnym rynku elektroniki i oprogramowania, w kontekście obrotu produktami typu dual-use. Sformułowano hipotezę, iż usytuowanie geopolityczne Polski czyni tutejsze firmy z branży elektroniki i ICT podatnymi na działania korupcyjne, włamania do systemów IT oraz penetrację przez wywiady FR, ChRL i innych państw, zainteresowanych zakupem objętych embargiem technologii lub pozyskiwaniem objętych tajemnicą państwową lub handlową informacji naukowo-technicznych. Zdefiniowano zbiór podmiotów (sekcja 1), które mogą wchodzić w zainteresowanie zagranicznych organizacji państwowych i prywatnych, w tym posiadających swoje siedziby także poza FR i ChRL (celem zamaskowania ostatecznego użytkownika). Następnie zawężono krąg przedsiębiorstw, narażonych na oferty korupcyjne do ok. 400-500, wskazując, że nie wszystkie segmenty produkcji układów półprzewodnikowych obecne są na polskim rynku. Główne pytania badawcze dotyczą tego, jakie geopolityczne czynniki stwarzają zagrożenie dla polskich firm elektronicznych w ich zachowaniach rynkowych? (2); czego wymaga prawo krajowe i europejskie od tych firm w zakresie przestrzegania sankcji? (3); jakie zagrożenia firmy te powinny uwzględniać w planowaniu polityki bezpieczeństwa? (4); jakie są możliwe scenariusze reakcji firm na nielegalne oferty? (5). Wykorzystano takie metody empiryczne, jak studium przypadku i ekstrapolacja danych (przykład firmy Wilk Elektronik) i analiza statystyczna (dane GUS, COIG, PKD, KRS), a także teoretyczne, jak porównanie (rynek niemiecki i dalekowschodni) i analiza historyczna (w zakresie praktyk omijania embarga). Sprawdzono możliwości teorii gier odnośnie dostarczenia modeli, przydatnych do analizy zachowań przedsiębiorców.The article describes Poland\u27s current position on the global electronics and software market in the context of trade of dual-use products. It puts forward the hypothesis that Poland\u27s geopolitical loca-tion makes local electronics and ICT companies vulnerable to corruption, IT system hacking, and penetra-tion by intelligence services from the Russian Federation, China, and other countries interested in purchas-ing embargoed technologies or obtaining scientific and technical information covered by state or trade secrets. A set of entities (section 1) was defined that may be of interest to foreign state and private organ-izations, including those based outside the Russian Federation and the PRC (in order to conceal the end user). The circle of companies exposed to corruption offers was then narrowed down to approx. 400-500, indicating that not all segments of semiconductor chip production are present on the Polish market. The main research questions concern what geopolitical factors pose a threat to Polish electronics companies in their market behavior? (2); what do national and European law require of these companies in terms of compliance with sanctions? (3); what threats should these companies take into account when planning
Dependence of Spectrogram from Graph Spectral Clustering in Text Document Domain onWord Distribution Models
No full textAnalysis of the shape of a Laplacian spectrogram is a new line of research used in graph spectral clustering. More precisely, we observed that (properly normalized) plots of the eigenvalues of sub-Laplacians characterizing different groups of documents differ in their shape. Thus, by computing the distance between these plots, we can solve the problem of clustering and classifying new observations. This idea is developed in a number of our papers and as such, can be considered a pioneering approach to cluster analysis. In an attempt to answer why it is so useful, in this paper we consider the hypothesis that the shape of a spectrogram could be attributed to the writing style of the authors of the document group in the cluster. We explore this hypothesis for several models of word distribution. In particular, we assume that the writing style is reflected in the word distribution of texts of an author or a group of them. We check if changing of distribution parameters of a widely accepted log-normal word distribution model changes in fact the Laplacian eigenvalue spectrogram in such a way as to distinguish between document groups. We found that in fact variation of each of the distribution parameters leads to distinct groups of documents. These findings justify the usage of Laplacian spectrograms to distinguish (cluster or classify) groups of documents
Application of the genetic algorithm to the estimation of energy consumption in Poland
No full textThis work aims to model and estimate electricity consumption in Poland using a genetic algorithm approach. The genetic model was based on socio-economic data such as GDP, imports and exports, and population growth. The data covered the period from 1990 to 2024. Quadratic and exponential models were tested in this study. The exponential model was demonstrated to be the best fit to the data. The best mean absolute error was obtained for the exponential model, MAE = 0.0276, for a population size of 100, a crossover probability of 0.85, and a mutation probability of 0.02. The projection of electricity consumption in Poland was also demonstrated and compared with the data from the literature. The genetic model forecasts an electricity consumption of 211 TWh in 2040
Modeling the National Power System Using Artificial Neural Networks
No full textThe purpose of this paper is to investigate and demonstrate the potential of modeling the National Power System (NPS) in Poland. The paper presents the results of research modeling of the NPS system using three different models based on Artificial Neural Networks. Data characterizing the NPS were implemented to build the models. The results measured by Mean Squared Error and determination coefficient were presented and analyzed. The research results and conclusions are presented in the summary