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Mental health assessment during the full-scale invasion within the general Ukrainian population: state, beliefs and behaviors, query to change (cross-sectional study)
No full textInternational audienceIntroduction: The russian invasion in Ukraine has significantly affected the mental health (MH) of the local population while access to mental health support remains limited due to multiple reasons coming from both the provider and acceptor sides. The war obviously negatively impacts MH but has also paradoxically given an “open window” for shifting current practices both in the healthcare system and within society. Investigation of current people’s attitudes on this matter should be the primary step to address the issue and initiate any change. Objectives:5 main objectives identified to analyze within the convenience sample were: MH state and self-care behaviors during the full-scale invasion, MH stigma and self-stigma, intention to use professional MH support, beliefs on access to professional MH support, query to change current MH attitudes and practices. Methods This research was conducted using primary data collection. The online questionnaire consisted of 5 blocks and was designed based on PHQ-9, DASS-21, PCL-5, Brief-COPE and CAMI. 332 civilians underwent the survey in March-April 2023 and were divided by age, gender, location and situation; inclusion criteria were to be >16 y.o. being affected by war and capable of completing the survey in Ukrainian. Relevant ethical measures were applied. Descriptive and correlational analysis was used to analyze the data. Results: The majority of respondents rated their mental health as good. Anxiety was the most prevalent emotion, particularly among younger age groups. Different genders and age groups exhibited varying combinations of emotions, such as fatigue, peace, anger, sadness etc. Many participants felt self-reproach for not doing enough; coping strategies varied among age groups. Females were 8.14 times more likely to seek mental health support, and those inside Ukraine were 0.32 times less inclined. 66.2% never seek any MH services, with older men leading; only 8.7% consult specialists during crises, showing gender differences. Distrust in specialist qualifications is one of the barriers on access in people’s beliefs and is more prevalent among older generations. The absence of self-mental health stigma makes individuals 1.91 times more open to accessing support. Location affects openness to change, with Ukraine-based individuals being less open. Lastly, 29.5% consider alternative stress-coping methods, with 40% open to future psychological help. Conclusions: Our findings show differences in populational attitudes towards MH in Ukraine during the war and therefore the importance of any potential intervention to precisely tailor certain subgroups, beliefs behaviors and needs within them to have a higher chance of being accepted and increase MH support utilization in the population overall. Disclosure of Interest None Declare
Rapport de recherche sur l’élaboration, la mise en œuvre et les effets de la taxe soda appliquée en France depuis juillet 2018
No full textIn order to promote healthier diets, public authorities are taking action to better inform consumers, encourage manufacturers to improve the nutritional composition of their products, and control the marketing of these products. In recent years, the taxation of foods and beverages with unhealthy nutritional profiles has been one of the measures attracting interest. Taxing sugary drinks, or the “soda tax”, is one of the measures recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO) (WHO 2022). In France, a soda tax was introduced in January 2012. Modified in July 2018, it is now indexed to the added sugar content in the drink (Ministry of Public Action and Accounting 2018). At a time when other countries are considering whether to introduce or optimize such a measure, this change provides an opportunity to learn from its development, implementation and effects on supply and consumption. This is the perspective behind the Soda-Tax research project (2019-2023), coordinated by the Ecole des hautes études en santé publique (EHESP) in collaboration with the Paris School of Economics, the Institut National de la Recherche pour l'Agriculture, l'Alimentation et l'Environnement (INRAE), the Université Sorbonne Paris Nord (USPN), and Nantes Université. This project was co-funded by the Ligue Contre le Cancer as part of the Institut pour la Recherche en Santé Publique (IReSP) general call for projects - prevention and health promotion component 2018. This report summarizes the results of the research. Some of them have already been published. Other results will be submitted in the coming months to scientific journals whose peer review process could in some cases lead them to evolve. These results are therefore communicated here on a preliminary basis, with the dissemination of this report intended to inform the steering of the measure and the interested parties in a more timely manner.Afin de promouvoir une alimentation plus favorable à la santé, l’environnement des consommateurs fait l’objet d’interventions des pouvoirs publics visant à mieux les informer, à inciter les fabricants à améliorer la composition nutritionnelle des produits, ou encore à encadrer le marketing dont ces derniers font l’objet. Depuis quelques années, la taxation d’aliments et de boissons au profil nutritionnel peu favorable à la santé fait partie des mesures qui suscitent de l’intérêt. La taxation des boissons sucrées ou « taxe soda » fait partie des mesures recommandées par l’Organisation mondiale de la santé (OMS) (WHO 2022). En France, une taxe soda 1 a été instaurée en janvier 2012. Modifiée en juillet 2018, elle est désormais indexée sur la teneur en sucres ajoutés dans la boisson (Ministère de l’action et des comptes publics 2018). A l’heure où d’autres pays s’interrogent sur la mise en place ou l’optimisation d’une telle mesure, ce changement donne l’opportunité de tirer des apprentissages de son élaboration, de sa mise en œuvre et de ses effets sur l’offre et la consommation. C’est dans cette perspective qu’a été construit le projet de recherche Soda-Tax (2019-2023), coordonné par l’Ecole des hautes études en santé publique (EHESP) en collaboration avec l’Ecole d’Economie de Paris, l’Institut National de la Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), l’Université Sorbonne Paris Nord (USPN), et Nantes Université. Ce projet a été cofinancé par la Ligue Contre le Cancer dans le cadre de l’Appel à projets général de l’Institut pour la Recherche en Santé Publique (IReSP) – volet prévention et promotion de la santé 2018. Ce rapport synthétise les résultats de la recherche. Certains d’entre eux ont déjà été publiés. D’autres résultats seront soumis dans les prochains mois à des revues scientifiques dont le processus de révision par les pairs pourrait dans certains cas les amener à évoluer. Ces résultats sont donc ici communiqués à titre préliminaire, la diffusion de ce rapport ayant vocation à éclairer le pilotage de la mesure et à informer les acteurs intéressés dans un délai plus opportun
Unequal Impact of School-related Factors on Low Levels of Subjective Well-being Among Students in France, the UK and Portugal
No full textInternational audienceIn this chapter, we propose to explore these determinants of a low level of subjective well-being, taking into account the variation of these connections according to a certain numberof variables that have been clearly identified in the literature, that is, differencesin gender and social class. In other words, we aim to highlight and assess the roleof school-related determinants in children’s low level of overall life satisfaction(OLS), and their variations across social classes. More specifically, we insist on thephenomenon of accumulating inequalities in terms of Overall Life Satisfaction (OLS). This accumulation occurs when (1) school-related factors that affect the level of life satisfaction are not as likely to be experienced by children according to their social background, and when(2) children’s OLS levels are not impacted equally by school-related factors,depending on whether they come from upper-, middle- or working-classbackgrounds
Systematic review of mobile health applications in transplant patients
No full textInternational audienceContext. Poor medication management can lead to adverse outcomes for transplant patients, including acute rejection and graft loss. In recent years, mobile applications have been proposed as innovative tools to improve Objective. This review aimed to systematically evaluate the available research evidence on the relationship between mobile applications and treatment management in transplant patients. Methods. The following databases were systematically searched for relevant publications on April 8, 2022, using the PRISMA method: PubMed, Embase, and Google Scholar. The Cochrane risk of bias tool was used to assess the included studies. Observational or interventional studies focusing on the use of mobile applications in adult solid organ transplant patients were included for analysis. Results. A total of 28 articles met the inclusion criteria. The overall methodological quality of the evidence was assessed as low. Most studies were monocentric (n = 23, 82%). The majority of follow-ups focused on kidney transplants (n = 12, 42.9%) with small sample sizes (54%, n < 99), including participants < 60 years old (n = 26, 93%) with follow-up <= 6 months (61%). Medication adherence rates showed significant improvements in seven out of 13 trials compared to standard care or placebo. Several features were reported to be most effective in improving patient treatment management, such as self-registration and monitoring, medication reminders based on alerts, and caregiver monitoring to check patients' health indicators or medication adherence. Conclusion. Mobile applications tended to improve medication management in transplant patients compared to standard care. However, due to the heterogeneity of the objectives of the analyzed studies, which do not allow for meta-analysis, further high-level evidence studies evaluating the effects of mobile applications in this area are needed to support effective interventions
Development of a methodology for studying microbiological contamination of office indoor air by analyzing air handling unit filters - application to a low-energy building
No full textInternational audienceBioaerosols can alter the air quality, affecting differently people depending on their health status. Methods to sample bioaerosols are limited in terms of sampling time and air volumes. This study evaluated a new methodology to sample airborne microorganisms in buildings, using the air handling unit (AHU) filters and filtration media sampling discs (FMSD). Filtration media with FMSD of different natures were tested at the laboratory, and characterized by their air permeability, particle collection efficiency and the airflow distribution on their surface. Filtration media with FMSD of the same nature had best properties with a sampling particle efficiency of the FMSD of 50 %. This sampling methodology was applied on a building AHU, and FMSD were collected each month during one year. Airborne microorganisms collected by the FMSD were analyzed by culture and nucleic acids based methods (qPCR and Next-Generation sequencing). FMSD methodology gave results for all of those identification methods. Most of the bacteria orders identified by 16 S sequencing were Rhodobacterales (Paracoccus), Pseudomonadales and Cyanobacteria. For fungi, the most represented orders were Agaricales, Polyporales and Hymenochaetales. This sampling methodology has also made it possible to detect small size airborne microorganisms like viruses including two Coronaviruses. This study has shown the potential of using AHU filters to sample the airborne microorganisms in buildings
Digital is an increasingly heavy industry
No full textInternational audienceCloud computing and related practices are one of the most energy-intensive activities in the entire digital ecosystem. On 10 March 2021, a fire completely destroyed one of the four Strasbourg data centres of OVH, the French leader in cloud computing. This unfortunate fire (see photo, p. 153) and its far-reaching consequences should encourage us to rethink the relationship between digital technology, the environment and our own sustainability. The damage and impact of this fire show that the cloud is not as ethereal as it seems. Quite the contrary. When the data centre burns down, it is indeed matter that burns. Our data is hosted and processed in factories, even if its physical reality, virtualised by marketing and media rhetoric, has become less and less perceptible to the end user
Les référents handicap : entre application des textes et accompagnement d’une transformation sociale de l’emploi
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Transition écologique et désaffection des jeunes pour l'emploi public en France. Réflexions sur les enjeux sociétaux et les défis éthiques de la fonction publique
No full textInternational audienceLe déclin de l’attractivité de l’emploi public en France traduit une crise qui dépasse les simples enjeux de recrutement. Au cœur de cette désaffection, les jeunes générations expriment des doutes croissants quant à la capacité des institutions publiques à incarner leurs idéaux écologiques et sociaux. Cette crise n’est pas seulement une question de chiffres, mais une remise en cause des valeurs et de l’efficacité du secteur public. Pour répondre à ces aspirations, la transition écologique devient une nécessité, tant dans la formation que dans l’engagement réel des administrations. Le défi est immense, mais il offre également une opportunité unique de réinventer l’emploi public, de redéfinir l’intérêt général et de façonner un avenir plus durable et éthique. En embrassant pleinement cette transformation, le secteur public pourrait non seulement regagner l’intérêt des jeunes, mais aussi jouer un rôle clé dans la construction d’une société capable de faire face aux défis environnementaux.Derrière la crise d’attractivité de l’emploi public, des répercussions profonde
Découvrir son self pour façonner son mieux-être. Usages et appropriations du développement personnel par les jeunes
No full textInternational audienceCette contribution se propose d’analyser l’usage et l’appropriation de techniques de développement personnel et de mieux-être sur deux terrains : dans une école d’ingénieurs et dans une mission locale. Malgré des modalités d’utilisation contrastées dans ces deux espaces, on constate des similitudes qui soulignent des injonctions communes à ces populations. L’article met ainsi en lumière deux façons dont les jeunes se saisissent de ces dispositifs : d’abord un usage visant à des transformations intimes par un travail sur l’intériorité, puis un usage détourné à des fins récréatives ou de sociabilité