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Corporate social responsibility as a signal in the labor market
No full textInternational audienceWorking for a firm engaged in Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) appeals to potential workers by boosting their self-image and sense of purpose. We propose an additional mechanism: CSR signals a firm's future treatment of workers. Our model links CSR engagement with a firm's propensity to support workers during unforeseen times of need. Under this assumption, a potential future need of the worker leads to more firms engaging in CSR and to a higher workers' willingness to accept lower wages. Our experiment manipulates potential future needs across treatments. While the aggregate analysis does not fully support our theory, exploratory analysis reveals that male workers respond as predicted, whereas female workers do not. Consistently, in a risky environment, male employers increase their CSR engagement, which raises the acceptance rate among male workers. These results do not hold for female employers and workers.</div
Endoscopic ultrasound-guided pancreatic cavitation: Proof-of-Concept in a vascularized human cadaveric model
No full textBackground: Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma's poor prognosis is due in part to its desmoplastic tumor microenvironment (TME), which hinders the bioavailability of anti-tumor drugs. Selectively targeting the physical properties of TME by ultrasonic cavitation could make systemic therapies more effective. We have designed an endoscopic ultrasound prototype capable to reach pancreatic parenchyma. The aim of this study was to demonstrate the feasibility of inducing cavitation in the pancreas with this prototype.Materials and methods: We prepared 5 cadaveric models: 3 non-perfused, and 2 perfused with the Sim-Life technology based on revascularization of human cadaver with a blood avatar. This technology allowed microbubbles to be injected to enhance cavitation. The device was positioned into the stomach via transesophageal approachResults: These tests confirmed that transesophageal navigation of the prototype into the stomach was feasible in the human cadaveric model. This not only enabled targeting pancreatic parenchyma, but also to successfully create ultrasonic cavitation in the pancreatic gland by delivering ultrasound combined with microbubbles.Conclusion: Our work establishes a proof-of-concept for the generation of cavitation in the pancreas of a perfused human cadaveric model using an echoendoscope, and paves the way for preliminary clinical work with a prospect of Endosonographic delivery of cavitation to pancreatic cancer
« Le festival C’est pas du luxe ! entre création, participation et inclusion »
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SF2A Environmental Transition Commission: Summary of the 2025 workshop
No full textInternational audienceDuring its annual conference in 2025, the French Society of Astronomy & Astrophysics (SF2A) hosted, for the fifth time, a special session dedicated to discussing the environmental transition within the French A&A research community. During the 2025 workshop, the goal was to review four contemporary topics within the context of environmental transition actions and discussions: (1) institutional actions, (2) the early-career researchers singularity, (3) research infrastructures and tools, and (4) the geopolitical conditions under which A&A research remains possible. The workshop concluded with a round-table discussion that brought together the various speakers so that every participant could express their ideas
MEGATRON: Reproducing the Diversity of High-Redshift Galaxy Spectra with Cosmological Radiation Hydrodynamics Simulations
No full textInternational audienceWe present the MEGATRON suite of cosmological radiation hydrodynamics simulations following the formation of Milky Way-mass galaxies from the earliest cosmic epochs when Population III stars form to Cosmic Noon. The suite represents the first set of cosmological simulations that couples a vast non-equilibrium thermochemistry network of primordial species, metals, and molecules to multifrequency, on-the-fly radiation transport, allowing us to directly predict the spectral properties of early galaxies. By initializing the simulations at zero metallicity, resolving haloes well below the atomic cooling threshold, reaching parsec-scale resolution, and modeling a Milky Way-mass environment, we aim to address four key science themes: 1) Star formation at cosmic dawn, 2) Galaxy formation and the interstellar medium in the epoch of reionization, 3) The circumgalactic medium towards cosmic noon, and 4) Reionization in a local volume environment and near-field cosmology. In this introductory work, we present an overview of the physical characteristics of high-redshift MEGATRON galaxies and their environment at . We present a library of simulated galaxy spectra and demonstrate how the diversity of galaxy spectra seen by JWST is naturally reproduced in the context of a CDM cosmology. This project represents a step towards making more direct comparisons between simulations and observations and will enable future work to both optimize methods for inferring galaxy properties from observations and to elucidate the physics that governs galaxy formation in the early Universe
Nature(s) de la guerre. Ressources, appropriations, expropriations, restitutions dans les Amériques (du XVe siècle à nos jours)
No full textCorps à lire, textes à vendre : l'atelier d'artiste dans la fiction (1867-1919), entre voyeurisme et prostitution
No full textInternational audienceIn the last third of the 19th century, the French-language “roman de l’artiste” seems to have undergone a sexual redefinition. From 1867 onwards, as Manette Salomon shows, the Romantic focus on the artist’s struggle to create the ideal masterpiece shifted to the representation of the materiality of his desire. Through the prism of Naturalism, “l’atelier d’artiste” became a commonplace for illustrating the sex life of the Man of Genius, of which models were a part. As objects of voyeurism, they crystallized both his, and the readers’ quasi-medical obsession with the female body. The prostitution circuit in which most of the women—and even some men—posing for the “artist-client” were involved reflected a reality, and allegorized the ever-growing publishing market. Despite the objectifying message they conveyed, these representations in turn allowed models, and sex-workers to put in writing their own experience of studio work, as Neel Doff’s autobiographical novel Keetje (1919) testifies. (In French)
Mechanical and microstructural characterization of the human tunica albuginea
No full textInternational audienceThe tunica albuginea (TA) is a fibrous connective membrane surrounding the corpora cavernosa (CC), which plays a crucial role in the erection. In case of erectile dysfunction, inflatable penile prothesis (IPP) may be a treatment of choice and mechanical interactions occur between prostheses and these penile tissues. There is still much to be learned about their mechanical behavior to help to improve IPP and penile surgical techniques. This paper presents the characterization of the TA mechanical behavior combined with the observation of its microstructural organization, as well as the mechanical behavior of the cavernous tissue. Uniaxial tensile tests were performed on 40 TA samples and 17 CC samples collected from 5 post mortem human subjects. TA samples were cut along both longitudinal and circumferential directions, and in both proximal and distal regions. Histological slices were produced from biopsies contiguous to the samples to observe the collagen fiber organization in the TA. We observed that this fiber organization usually schematized by 2 layers of perpendicular fibers is more complex, with some dispersion in the fiber orientations and interlacing of the 2 layers. The mechanical characterization of the TA samples revealed no clear anisotropy but different properties for the proximal and distal locations, whereas the CC showed a very low elastic modulus. These data complement those already published and further analysis of the microstructure of the TA will be needed to explain the variability of the mechanical behavior of the TA in view of selecting and identifying nonlinear behavior models
Seven-Coordinate Lanthanide Bis-Halide Bis-Tetrathiometallate Complexes: A Compelling Platform for Luminescent and Magnetic Properties
No full textInternational audienceTo harness the unique luminescent and magnetic properties of lanthanides, precise control over their coordination sphere is essential, whether to minimize deactivation processes or maximize magnetic anisotropy. The traditional approaches rely on the use of large organic ligands bearing strong atom donors to enforce low coordination numbers of Ln ions. Herein we explored an alternative approach, constraining low coordination numbers via a better control of the primary coordination sphere of the Ln center using fully inorganic sulfur-based ligands, tetrathiotungstates. This strategy led to the preparation of an isostructural series of 13 rare-earth complexes, [NEt(4)](3)[LnCl(2)(MeCN){(μ-S)(2)WS(2)}(2)] (1Ln, Ln = Ce-Yb and Y). The unusually low coordination numbers (CN = 7) observed here in the absence of sterically bulky or rigid chelating ligands was rationalized using buried volume analysis. We highlight the potential of this new ligand set for luminescent and single-molecule magnets applications by investigating the properties of 1Yb and 1Dy complexes, respectively
Comparison of non-Newtonian models in a bearing with a porous layer: Viscoelastic (Maxwell) versus micropolar (couple stress)
No full textThe tribology literature abounds with articles concerning the effects of non-Newtonian lubricant models on bearing behavior. Different categorizations are possible, but we look at a viscoelastic model, and a micropolar model. The bearing we consider contains a porous layer with flow properties described by the Darcy model. The two continuum models: the Upper Convected Maxwell model (UCM) and the Stokes Couple Stress model (CS) are based on entirely different underlying physical assumptions. In the UCM model, the fluid is characterized by a time scale, namely, the relaxation time. In the CS model, the fluid is characterized by a length scale, representing the microstructure size. However, when the thin film assumptions are applied, the governing equations of the two approaches look surprisingly similar. According to computed results, viscoelasticity tends to increase the pressure. This effect is far more pronounced in the steep inclination case. The couple stress length parameter likewise tends to increase pressure, at both moderate and steep inclination. In all cases the porosity tends to decrease the pressure, due to an effective softening of the confining surface