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Evaluating the legacy of drought exposure on root and rhizosphere bacterial microbiomes over two plant generations
No full textDrought is a critical risk in developing countries for staple crops like common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). We conducted an experiment to understand the legacy effects of repeated drought exposure across plant generations on the root and rhizosphere microbiome of the common bean, hypothesizing that a legacy of exposure improves overall plant microbiome resilience. We profiled the bacterial microbiome using marker gene amplicon sequencing over two plant generations in a complete factorial design for two common bean genotypes, Red Hawk and Flavert. We performed parallel experiments for Red Hawk in two different countries using soils of Pays de la Loire, France, and Michigan, USA. Despite the clear and relatively consistent drought effects on the plant phenotypes, there was neither response of the Red Hawk microbiomes to drought, nor a notable legacy of drought exposure. For Flavert, there was a minor legacy drought effect for the second generation in the rhizosphere microbiome beta diversity. This study demonstrates that rhizosphere microbiomes can be resistant to drought stress and that cross-generational legacy depends on soil origin and host genotype. Such parallel experiments across countries, while difficult to implement, are useful to inform generalities and build theory towards prediction on microbiome responses to global change.</div
Motor complications and postural abnormalities interplay in Parkinson's disease
No full textInternational audienceBackground: Postural abnormalities (PA) and motor complications (MCs, including motor fluctuations - MFs- and levodopa-induced dyskinesia - LIDs) are hallmark of Parkinson's disease (PD) progression, yet their relationship remains poorly understood.Objective: To investigate the association between PA and MCs, motor symptoms, and non-motor symptoms (NMS) in patients with PD, and to assess whether PA influences the development of MCs over time.Methods: Data of the prospective NS-Park cohort (27 French PD Expert Centers) were analysed. PA was defined by a score ≥2 on item 3.13 of the MDS-UPDRS-III. Associations between PA and MCs, as well as with other motor symptoms and NMS, were assessed using logistic regression models. We used interval censoring survival models to assess the associations between PA at inclusion and the incidence of MCs. Analyses were adjusted for sex, age, disease duration, dopaminergic dose, and disease severity.Results: Among 13,037 included PD patients (58.7 % male, median age at diagnosis 61 years), 724 (5.6 %) presented with PA. Patients with PA had longer disease duration, higher disease severity, and higher dopaminergic treatment. PA exhibited a higher prevalence of troublesome MFs (OR: 5.96; 95 % CI: 4.25-8.32) and LIDs (OR: 2.81; 95 % CI: 1.79-4.30), while associations with milder MCs were inconsistent. However, PA was not significantly associated with the development of MCs during follow-up.Conclusions: PA are associated with more frequent severe MCs, and a higher burden of motor and NMS, making patient care particularly challenging
Counting distinct multivariate self-similarity parameters using a bootstrap-driven graph clustering approach
No full textInternational audienceIn various modern fields, the multiplicity of sensors in applications may result in potentially numerous scale-free time series that jointly characterize one same system. Multivariate self-similarity analysis tackles the challenge of studying these systems by providing as many self-similarity parameter estimates as available time series. The possibly large amount of self-similarity parameters raises the major issue of identifying the number of actually distinct self-similarity parameters. The present work attains this goal by designing an adapted graph to perform a spectral clustering-type procedure. The proposed graph is weighted using pairwise equality test p-values estimated by a multivariate time-scale block-bootstrap scheme combined with wavelet random matrix eigenanalysis for self-similarity parameter estimation. Numerical experiments on synthetic multivariate data show a very satisfactory performance of the clustering strategy
Image-based robotic-assisted conversion from partial to total knee arthroplasty under functional alignment: Comparable outcomes to primary total knee arthroplasty
No full textInternational audienceIntroduction : Image-based robotic systems in total knee arthroplasty (TKA) allow for precise implant positioning and soft tissue balance through patient-specific preoperative planning. Functional alignment (FA) leverages the native soft tissue envelope to guide implant placement. However, its application in partial TKA conversion remains limited. This study evaluates the outcomes of image-based robotic-assisted partial-to-TKA conversion under FA principles, comparing them to a cohort of primary robotic TKAs. Methods : This retrospective study analyzed eight partial-to-TKA conversions performed using the image-based robotic system, with a minimum follow-up of 12 months. Demographics, implant constraints, intraoperative positioning, and postoperative outcomes were assessed. The mean age of the revision cohort was 73.3 ± 9.0 years, with a mean follow-up of 39.0 ± 11.5 months. A control group of 50 primary robotic TKAs was used for comparison. Results : Osteoarthritis progression (75%) and aseptic loosening (25%) were the primary reasons for revision. No stems were used, and only one patient (12.5%) required a tibial augment. Postoperative coronal alignment was 1.1° ± 1.9°, and functional outcomes (Knee Society Score-Knee: 84.5 ± 6.7, Knee Society Score-Function: 83.0 ± 7.1, Forgotten Joint Score: 72.8 ± 8.2) were comparable to the primary TKA cohort. No complications or revisions were recorded. Conclusion : FA-based robotic-assisted partial-to-TKA conversion yields functional and implant positioning outcomes comparable to primary robotic TKA while minimizing the need for stems, augments, or constrained implants. Further studies with larger cohorts are needed to confirm these findings. Level of evidence : III
La visite du diocète Apollonios à Coptos. Retour sur CPI 341 (OGIS 1 53)
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Experimental study on gravity currents flowing on heated walls
No full textWe present an experimental study on steady gravity currents advancing along a heated wall. The current is generated by a mixture of air and carbon dioxide continuously supplied at the channel inlet. To have a complete point-wise characterization of the flow, simultaneous high-frequency measurements of two velocity components, CO_2 concentration, and temperature are performed. An experimental protocol is presented to reconstruct the local fluid density and to estimate turbulent vertical and horizontal fluxes of CO_2, temperature, and buoyancy. The reliability of both the flow measurements and of the estimate of convective heat flux exchanged at the wall is assessed through integral balances of \textnormal{CO} mass, enthalpy, and buoyancy, performed at different distances from the source. Three wall-heating conditions are considered: an adiabatic case, a moderately heated case, and a strongly heated case. In the heated experiments, a convectively unstable boundary layer forms near the wall, capped by a stably stratified region. The influence of this condition on the first- and second-order flow statistics profiles is examined. Although wall heating influences the vertical shear, the Brunt-Vaisala frequency, and both shear and buoyancy production of turbulent kinetic energy within the stably-stratified region characterized by an almost constant vertical gradient of streamwise velocity, neither the gradient Richardson number nor the flux Richardson number exhibits a clear trend in this region with the imposed wall heat flux
Primary cutaneous non neuroendocrine small cell carcinoma POU2F3 subtype: morphologic, immunohistochemical, transcriptomic and methylation analysis of two cases
No full textInternational audienceAbstract Up to 10% of small cell lung carcinomas do not express any neuroendocrine markers and are characterized by an expression of the transcription factor POU2F3. Recently, few cases of poorly differentiated carcinomas harboring POU2F3 expression have been described in the breast, cervix, and bladder. Herein, we report the morphological, immunohistochemical, and molecular characterization of two primary cutaneous POU2F3-expressing small cell carcinomas. The cases arose in the temple and on the occipital region in a 92-year-old woman and a 78-year-old man respectively. Microscopic examination revealed in both cases a large and ulcerated poorly differentiated neoplasm infiltrating the full thickness of the dermis with extension into the subcutaneous tissues in case #1. The tumors harbored solid and trabecular growth patterns and were composed of poorly differentiated highly mitotic cells. Immunohistochemical investigation revealed diffuse pancytokeratin positivity while no expression of cytokeratin 20, chromogranin A, synaptophysin, CD56, or INSM1 was detected. Diffuse nuclear expression of POU2F3 was observed. Transcriptomic analysis revealed a SBS7 mutation signature related to UV-induced DNA damages in one case and evidenced an expression profile similar to the one observed in POU2F3-expressing small cell lung cancers in both. Methylation analysis confirmed the proximity of the two cases with other skin cancers. To conclude, we report herein the first description of primary cutaneous small cell carcinoma POU2F3 subtype
Sobolev estimates for the Keller-Segel system and applications to the JKO scheme
No full textWe prove L^{\infty}_{t} W^{1,p} Sobolev estimates in the Keller-Segel system by proving a functional inequality, inspired by the Brezis-Gallouët-Wainger inequality. These estimates are also valid at the discrete level in the Jordan-Kinderlehrer-Otto (JKO) scheme. By coupling this result with the diffusion properties of a functional according to Bakry-Emery theory, we deduce the L^{2}_{t} H^{2}_{x} convergence of the scheme, thereby extending the recent result of Santambrogio and Toshpulatov in the context of the Fokker-Planck equation to the Keller-Segel system
Neoadjuvant immune checkpoint blockade before chemoradiation for cervical squamous carcinoma (GINECO window-of-opportunity COLIBRI study): a phase II trial
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La critique de la doctrine de l'État chrétien chez Ernst-Wolgang Böckenförde
No full textInternational audienceFervent catholique mais aussi grand défenseur de l'État, le juriste allemand Ernst-Wolgang Böckenförde a développé une importante réflexion sur les rapports entre politique et religion à l'heure de leur réarticulation dans le contexte moderne de la sécularisation. Conscient de l'extrême fragilité de l'État sécularisé, il appelle l'Église à se réconcilier avec son ancien adversaire. En retour, la religion doit se voir reconna\ⁱtre dans son rôle de la régulation de la liberté et de structuration de la société