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Marmontel contre Lucain ?
No full textInternational audienceIn translating La Pharsale, Marmontel engages in an exercise of rehabilitation. An ambiguous exercise, because he strips away Lucan's poetic audacity to highlight the rhetorical dimension and the pieces of eloquence.It is also ambiguous because, using the space provided for notes, he superimposes another point of view on the history of this civil war, making Caesar, and not Pompey, thetrue hero of the people and of liberty.En traduisant La Pharsale, Marmontel se livre à un exercice de réhabilitation. Exercice ambigu car il arase les audaces poétiques de Lucain pour mettre en relief la dimension rhétorique et les morceaux d’éloquence. Ambigu aussi, car, usant de l’espace de la note, il superpose un autre point de vue sur l’histoire de cette guerre civile, faisant de César, et non de Pompée, le vrai héros du peuple et de la liberté
La metafonia italo-romanza: fonologia non miopica o morfo-fonologia?
No full textInternational audienc
Anisotropic d10 Coinage Metal Organic Chalcogenolate Coordination Polymers for Optoelectronic Technologie
No full textSSCI-VIDE+CDURABLE+ADMInternational audienceHybrid materials with chalcogenolate ligands (ER = SR, SeR, TeR) and d10 coinage metals (M(I) = Cu, Ag and Au) are known for a long time in the domains of biology and pharmaceutics. Indeed, copper-thiolates are present in most of the living organisms as metalloproteins, silver-thiolates are recognized for their anti-bacterial activity and some gold-thiolates, as the Myochrysine, have been used as antiarthritic drugs. Today, the d10 coinage Metal Organic Chalcogenolates (MOCs) are gaining a growing relevance in materials science for their semiconductivity and photoluminescence properties. The photoemission of these compounds is attributed to the presence of d10 coinage metals and their ability to display metallophilic interactions. In this presentation, we will show the possibility to tune the dimensionality of the MOC structure as anisotropic 1D or 2D structures and as 3D networks and the resulting photophysical and electronic properties (Fig. 1). Thus, some MOCs exhibit high quantum yield (~70 %) in the solid state, some have intrinsic triple emission associated with luminescence thermochromism allowing optical temperature sensing and some behave as semi-conducting materials with great potentials for thermoelectricity. In addition, MOCs can be shaped as fibers and glasses, and can exhibit phase change behaviors allowing applications in sustainable memory devices
The Metaphysical Structure of the Divine and the World in Cordovero’s Kabbalah
No full textInternational audienceThis paper explores the philosophical dimension of Jewish esotericism through Moses Cordovero’s attempt to construct a rational system of metaphysics in sixteenth-century Safed. Cordovero’s project, both systematic and speculative, positions the Pardes Rimonim (1567) as a bridge between theology, philosophy, and esotericism within the Jewish intellectual tradition. Cordovero (1522–1570) sought to rationalize esoteric discourse and organize it into a coherent metaphysical framework within the early modern Jewish intellectual tradition. In the Pardes Rimonim, he synthesizes earlier kabbalistic traditions—from the Zohar to the Sefer Yetsirah—into a conceptual system articulating divine unity, the emanation of the sefirot, and the ontological structure of reality (Scholem, 1960; Idel, 1988). Far from ecstatic mysticism, his thought represents a form of philosophical esotericism, aiming at a rational understanding of the divine through the interplay of language, causality, and being (Wolfson, 1994).Cordovero’s rationalization of the esoteric resonates with the medieval synthesis of faith and reason (Maimonides), while his metaphysical vision echoes Neoplatonic and Avicennian models (Plotinus; Avicenna). At the same time, his notion of divine emanation and ontological mediation anticipates certain intuitions in contemporary philosophy—from Spinoza’s monism to Levinas’s ethics of transcendence and Deleuze’s philosophy of process.From a hermeneutical standpoint, Cordovero’s Kabbalah may be read as a philosophy of meaning, where the world functions as a text to be deciphered, each sefira mediating between transcendence and immanence (Ricoeur, 1965; Gadamer, 1976). Through this vision, Cordovero offers a model for rethinking the relation between the symbolic and the rational, and thereby contributes to the contemporary philosophy of religion.Ultimately, this study argues that Cordovero’s Pardes Rimonim reveals Jewish esotericism as a distinctive form of speculative rationality, capable of engaging in a genuine dialogue with current philosophical thought and enriching the broader history of metaphysics
Accident et palingénésie dans "Le Temps retrouvé" de Marcel Proust
No full textInternational audienceLes dernières pages du "Temps retrouvé" présentent la mort comme une expérience qu’il est possible de réitérer. Cette étonnante réflexion porte à croire que le « moi » dans l’œuvre de Proust est doué de métamorphose, et que tout accident rend possible une palingénésie. Une telle représentation du sujet et du temps est rendue palpable à travers une poétique dans laquelle éternité et instantanéité se rencontrent
Statistical approaches to analyse the combined effect of seven air pollutants and breast cancer risk: a case–control study nested in the French E3N-Generations cohort
No full textInternational audienceBackground: Air pollution is a complex mixture of closely correlated pollutants, making it challenging to assess both the overall mixture effect and to isolate the individual impact of each pollutant on breast cancer (BC) risk. This study assessed the effect of exposure to a mixture of seven correlated air pollutants (benzo[a]pyrene, cadmium, dioxins, polychlorinated biphenyl 153 (PCB153), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), particulate matter (PM2.5 and PM10)) on BC risk.Methods: The study was based on a case-control study nested within the French E3N-Generations cohort (5222 incident BC cases/5222 matched controls). Annual average concentrations of each pollutant were estimated using the CHIMERE chemistry-transport model, based on participants' residential addresses from 1990 to the index date. Bayesian kernel machine regression (BKMR) and quantile G-computation (QGC) were used to evaluate the joint effect of the pollutant mixture, individual pollutant contributions, and potential interactions.Results: In all women, the BKMR model showed an increasing trend in BC risk associated with a joint increase in exposure to the seven pollutants. Among individual pollutants, NO₂, PCB153, and PM showed the strongest positive dose-response associations. The QGC model also found a significant association between the pollutant mixture and BC risk (odds ratio (OR) = 1.12; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.02-1.24) per quartile increase in the mixture.Conclusions: This study provides evidence of a positive association between exposure to a mixture of seven air pollutants and the risk of BC for the two statistical approaches. NO2 contributed most significantly to the overall effect, followed by PCB153 and PM. These findings underscore the necessity of evaluating combined pollutant mixtures in risk assessment, identifying high-risk subpopulations, and designing targeted preventive strategies
Transposable elements contribute to the evolution of host shift–related genes in cactophilic Drosophila species
No full textInternational audienceHost shifts in insects are considered a key process with the potential to contribute to reproductive isolation and speciation. Both genomic and transcriptomic variation are attributed to such a process, in which gene families with functions associated with host localization, acceptance, and usage are proposed to evolve. In this context, cactophilic Drosophila species serve as an excellent model to study host shift evolution, because they use a wide range of cacti as hosts, and many species display different preferences. Transposable elements are a source of genetic novelty between populations and species, driving rapid adaptive evolution. However, the extent of TEs’ contribution to host shift remains unexplored. Here, we perform genomic and transcriptomic analyses in six genomes of cactophilic species/subspecies to investigate how TEs interact with genes associated with host shift. Our results reveal enrichment of TEs at promoter regions of host shift–related genes, with ∼39% of the odorant receptors containing their transcription factor binding sites within TEs. We observe that ∼50% of these TEs are Helitrons , demonstrating an unprecedented putative cis -regulatory role of Helitrons in Drosophila . Differential expression analysis between species with different preferred hosts reveals divergence in gene expression in heads and larvae. Although TEs’ presence does not affect overall gene expression, we observe 6.27% of the expressed genes generating gene–TE chimeric transcripts, including those with function affecting host preference. Our combined genomic and transcriptomic approaches provide evidence of TE-driven divergence between species, highlighting the evolutionary role of TEs in the context of host shift, a key adaptive process that can cause reproductive isolation
Energy and Waste
No full textThe Anthropocene epoch is defined by the profound impacts of human activity on natural ecosystems. Industrial processing of raw materials produces vast quantities of man-made matter including materials, wastes, and residues, which Harpet (2001) termed the rudosphere. Monsaingeon (2017) further introduced the term poubellocene to characterize this era of waste and a wasteful world (UNEP 2024). In France, the article L541-1 from the Environment Code defines waste as “any residue from a production, transformation, or use process, any substance, material, product, or more generally any good or piece of furniture that is abandoned or that its holder intends to abandon.” In other words, the term waste is generic, qualifying any element that is abandoned
