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Analyse des postures des chercheurs accompagnant la création d'une association d'agriculteurs pour la protection des eaux souterraines en Tunisie
No full textSource Agritrop Cirad (https://agritrop.cirad.fr/615255/)International audienceIn the Limaoua region in Tunisia, a collective of farmers was recently built to deal with groundwater overexploitation. The area belongs to the Jeffara system (Gabes South aquifer). Water in the Limaoua area is mainly used for agriculture, especially arboriculture. The area includes about 630 farmers. Most of them are large farmers owning plots from 10 to 300 hectares, but the area also has six public irrigated perimeters where farmers own smaller plots (0.5- 1ha). The area benefits from the good quality of the soil, access to grid energy, and road infrastructures allowing easy access from the city of Gabes. These advantages attracted many new arrivals over the last fifteen years, especially wealthy populations who acquired land. Most of these installations have been accompanied by the creation of boreholes and surface wells, licit or illicit, leading to overexploitation of the aquifer. The annual drop in the aquifer level is between 0.4 and 1m. in 2017, the administration created a “safeguard zone” to limit the number of drillings. This created tensions between farmers and the administration, and the number of boreholes, particularly illicit ones, continued to increase. In this context, a multi-stakeholder participatory process was launched in 2021 to find a common ground. It led to the creation of a farmers' association in December 2023. This intervention will focus on the postures and practices of researchers in this process. For this, it will use a framework to unravel the research postures and practices of the different researchers involved: detached/embedded, flexible framing/ inductive bricolage, etc. and how these might have affected the conception and implementation of the participatory process. This framework is based on the work of Hazard et al (2020) and Chambers et al (2021) and was developed in the frame of the Transdisciplinary Pathways for Sustainable Water Governance (Transwater) project
The genome sequence of the Map, Araschnia levana (Linnaeus, 1758) (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae)
No full textInternational audienceWe present a genome assembly from a female specimen of Araschnia levana (Map; Arthropoda; Insecta; Lepidoptera; Nymphalidae). The assembly contains two haplotypes with total lengths of 362.54 megabases and 332.31 megabases. Most of haplotype 1 (99.09%) is scaffolded into 32 chromosomal pseudomolecules, including the W and Z sex chromosomes. Haplotype 2 was assembled to scaffold level. The mitochondrial genome has also been assembled, with a length of 15.96 kilobases
The genome sequence of the Violet Fritillary, Boloria dia (Linnaeus, 1767) (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae)
No full textInternational audienceWe present a genome assembly from a female specimen of Boloria dia (Violet Fritillary; Arthropoda; Insecta; Lepidoptera; Nymphalidae). The assembly contains two haplotypes with total lengths of 366.13 megabases and 333.50 megabases. Most of haplotype 1 (95.67%) is scaffolded into 32 chromosomal pseudomolecules, including the W and Z sex chromosomes. Haplotype 2 was assembled to scaffold level. The mitochondrial genome has also been assembled, with a length of 15.16 kilobases
Multidimensional plasticity of phenology: assessing the effects of population density on plastic responses of breeding time to temperature
No full textInternational audiencePhenotypic plasticity is the key adaptive mechanism behind annual adjustment of breeding time in response to temperature. In nature, organisms are not only subjected to variation in temperature but encounter multiple fluctuating environmental factors that affect phenotypic expression, including conspecific density, which affects individual performances through resource competition. We examined the interactive effects of temperature and conspecific density at two spatial scales (territory and patch level) on breeding time and success utilizing data obtained from long‐term monitoring of a wild great tit Parus major population in a fragmented woodland. As expected, we detected earlier breeding in response to warmer spring temperatures. We report earlier laying at low territory level density (i.e. a larger available area per breeding pair), but no evidence of density effects at patch level (breeding pairs per hectare). Birds experiencing low territory level density throughout their life bred on average earlier, and this response was also seen at the within‐individual level (earlier laying in years when individuals experienced a lower density than average). We found no context‐dependence of plastic responses to warmer springs as we detected no interactive effects between density and temperature. In terms of breeding success, earlier laying decreased the risk of brood failure and increased the number of fledglings. The number of fledglings was higher at low territory level density, while higher patch level density increased the probability of brood failure. Altogether, these results indicate that density‐related responses were likely mediated by food competition rather than by increased numbers of low‐quality birds or increased occupation of poorer territories at higher densities. This study highlights the importance of examining parameters at different spatial scales, along with the study of individual responses to multivariate cues for a comprehensive understanding of the variations in phenological plasticity
More than wings: Long-distance dissemination of insects in the atmosphere
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Suivi des processus d'intrusions salines dans l'aquifère sédimentaire complexe côtier du Plio-Quaternaire du Roussillon
No full textInternational audienceLes eaux souterraines qui s’écoulent sous la plaine du Roussillon (Pyrénées Orientales) au sein des aquifères multicouches constitués de formations alluviales du Quaternaire, surmontant des niveaux de sables et d'argiles du Pliocène représentent une ressource en eau majeure pour ce territoire. Placées en situation d’Alerte depuis plus de 2 ans, elles sont soumises à un risque croissant d’intrusion d’eau de mer, d’autant qu’une partie non négligeable de ces aquifères se prolongent sur plusieurs dizaines de kilomètres sous la mer Méditerranée. L’observatoire hydrogéophysique Dem'Mer qui a été mis en place en bordure littorale pour suivre le comportement piézométrique et physico-chimique (conductivité, température) des eaux souterraines circulant dans les différents niveaux perméables décrits au sein de cet aquifère multicouche est un outil précieux pour le suivi des processus d’intrusion. Les séries temporelles de niveaux d'eau, de conductivité électrique et de température des eaux souterraines qui s’écoulent au droit de l’observatoire en direction de la mer permettent de mettre en évidence l’intrusion d’eau de mer dans les formations superficielles et des écoulements d’eau douce ascendants en profondeur. Ces observations indiquent que des volumes non négligeables d’eau douce soient stockés, ou s’écoulent lentement, dans sa partie off-shore, que l’on cherche à imager avec des outils géophysiques en forage et en mer. Les principaux processus d’écoulement d’eau souterraine et d’influence des forçages météo-marins que l’on observe au niveau de cet observatoire seront décrits à partir des données disponibles et les différentes hypothèses concernant la présence d’une ressource d’eau douce off-shore seront présentées
An Economic Analysis of a Storage Policy After a Storm Occurrence in Forestry
No full textInternational audienceStorm is among the main threats for European forestry generating huge economic damage. The decrease of the timber price due to the storm occurrence largely contributes to these economic impacts. Timber storage appears as the standard policy to implement in order to limit these negative impacts. Consequently, in this article, we propose a global economic assessment of a storage policy taking into account the impacts on producers, consumers, and the cost of public funds. For that purpose, we develop a tractable theoretical model which assesses welfare losses and gains incurred/earned from the storage by all agents of the society: forester (supply), consumers (downstream agents), and the public agent. The model is then simulated. Our results show that globally, the storage policy is always desirable except for the consumers in the case of storms associated with a low magnitude
Transfert de modèles de langue pour la classification rhétorique des citations à travers les disciplines
No full text32ème Conférence sur le Traitement Automatique des Langues Naturelles (TALN) 27ème Rencontre des Étudiants Chercheurs en Informatique pour le Traitement Automatique des Langues (RECITAL) Les 18e Rencontres Jeunes Chercheurs en RI (RJCRI)National audienceLa classification automatique des fonctions rhétoriques des citations contribue à l'étude des stratégies discursives d'un auteur lorsqu'il cite, et plus généralement, de son intention. Dans l'objectif d'estimer la fiabilité des découvertes citées en écologie, cet article analyse les capacités de transfert des modèles de langue affinés en linguistique computationnelle pour cette tâche, en les comparant aux méthodes par amorçage (prompting). Nous introduisons PD100cit, un nouveau corpus annoté, ainsi qu'un guide d'annotation, afin d'explorer la typologie rhétorique des citations relatives aux interactions biologiques. Nous explorons également la sensibilité des modèles aux longueurs des contextes des passages de citations. Nos résultats montrent de bonnes performances des modèles de langue transférés en écologie et l'intérêt de réviser la typologie pour évaluer la fiabilité des découvertes de la linguistique computationnelle à l'écologie
Overview of PlantCLEF 2025: Multi-Species Plant Identification in Vegetation Quadrat Images ⋆ Notebook for the LifeCLEF Lab at CLEF 2025
No full textInternational audienceQuadrat images are essential for ecological studies, as they enable standardized sampling, the assessment of plant biodiversity, long-term monitoring, and large-scale field campaigns. These images typically cover an area of fifty centimetres or one square meter, and botanists carefully identify all the species present. Integrating AI could help specialists accelerate their inventories and expand the spatial coverage of ecological studies. To assess progress in this area, the PlantCLEF 2025 challenge relies on a new test set of 2,105 high-resolution multi-label images annotated by experts and covering around 400 species. It also provides a large training set of 1.4 million individual plant images, along with vision transformer models pre-trained on this data. The task is formulated as a (weakly labelled) multi-label classification problem, where the goal is to predict all species present in a quadrat image using single-label training data. This paper provides a detailed description of the data, the evaluation methodology, the methods and models used by participants, and the results achieved
Impacts sur les organismes marins
No full textCollection Hors Collection; ISBN papier : 978-2-7592-4083-8, ISBN PDF : 978-2-7592-4084-5; DOI ebook (PDF) : 10.35690/978-2-7592-4084-5; Ouvrage issu du colloque "Biodiversité et pollutions plastiques : des impacts aux solutions", Banyuls-sur-Mer, 11-12 Janvier 2023 : https://biodivoc.edu.umontpellier.fr/accueil/animation-scientifique/biodiversite-et-pollutions-plastiques/colloque-biodiversite-et-pollutions-plastiques-des-impacts-aux-solutions/National audienc