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Zoonotic schistosomiasis in southern Benin : How to assess the contribution of animals to human transmission using a One Health approach ?
No full textInternational audienc
Host–endophyte (Epichloë occultans) interaction impacts on annual ryegrasses (Lolium persicum and Lolium rigidum): ecological and breeding implications
No full textThe raw datasets produced in the current study are also available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.International audienceMain conclusion: Grass endophytic symbionts interact with the host depending on the host's genetic background and environmental pressures, aiming for survival. Lolium persicum, a self-pollinating annual grass, is suggested for studying such an interaction. Abstract: Most grasses host endophytic fungi, co-evolved organisms that can interact with their hosts from antagonism to mutualism. This study examined the impact of mating systems on host-endophyte interactions by utilizing endophyte-infected (E+) and endophyte-free (E-) populations of self-pollinating Lolium persicum and open-pollinating Lolium rigidum, collected from three regions of Iran. The evaluations in a pre-breeding process and two experiments were conducted on 1400 plants screened to select 126 half-sib (L. rigidum) and full-sib (L. persicum) families based on a limited space stress, morphological traits, and seed dormancy, respectively. It was found that endophytes generally have a significant and positive effect on reproductive traits and promoting effects in plants to strive for survival. Their impacts were population-dependent, and the E+ plants were superior when a population had higher biomass production and seed yield-related traits. Endophytes help to maintain the host's genetic structure over generations, particularly in L. persicum. In this way, E+ populations exhibited the highest heritability and genetic advance for endophyte-host survival traits such as seed weight, number of seeds, plant height, and days to tillering in both species. In L. persicum, this also included acid-detergent fiber, neutral detergent fiber, crude protein, fat content, phosphorus content, number of tillers, and days to emergence. We demonstrated that artificial selection of morphological traits influenced plant-fungal fitness, such that selecting against seed dormancy significantly increased seed shattering but decreased fungal fitness
A fragile stronghold: genomics reveal angelshark population vulnerability in Corsica, a key Mediterranean refuge
No full text\ₑprint: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/ece3.72275International audienceOnce common in Eastern Atlantic and Mediterranean coastal waters, the angelshark (Squatina squatina) has disappeared from 90% of its historical geographic range over the last century. Populations have drastically declined, likely due to the combined effects of overfishing, coastal habitat destruction, and the species' slow life history traits. The island of Corsica remains one of the last Mediterranean refuges for this IUCN Critically Endangered species, underscoring the need for conservation action. Given the difficulty of observing this benthic shark, we employed genomic methods to investigate the fine-scale spatial genetic structure, genetic diversity, and effective population size. Skin samples were opportunistically collected from accidental bycatch of angelsharks by local fishers in eastern Corsica and genotyped for 9699 Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms. We show that these individuals belong to a single population and exhibit high site fidelity, particularly among females, supporting male-biased dispersal. Genetic relatedness analyses identified 35 close family relationships, with 42% of sampled individuals showing a close relative. Additionally, we revealed multiple paternity within a single litter, suggesting a polyandrous mating system not previously documented in Squatinidae. The estimated effective population size of 290 individuals (95% CI: 209–453) is concerning given the persistent bycatch of hundreds of angelsharks by local artisanal fisheries during the annual spring reproductive aggregation of Spicara smaris. Protecting these ephemeral breeding colonies would not only benefit angelsharks but also help sustain numerous other threatened elasmobranchs and commercially important fish species (i.e., Zeus faber). Our findings highlight the value of integrating genomic tools into the conservation of elusive marine species. Conservation efforts should focus on reducing bycatch through gear modifications, seasonal fishing restrictions, and preserving estuaries. Studying and protecting this Corsican refuge is of paramount importance, as it could serve as a source population for restoring angelshark populations in formerly abundant areas
Bulletin de veille du réseau d'écotoxicologie terrestre et aquatique N°78
No full textINRAE, réseau ECOTOX -> Numéro de veille à paraîtreBulletin de veill
Seasons, herd mobility and management drive feed intake and digestibility in grazing cattle in West African landscapes
No full textInternational audienceEstimating the daily diet of grazing cattle from available feed resources in pastoral and mixed crop-livestock systems in tropical West Africa remains a challenge. The objective of this study was to describe the relevance of cattle diet monitoring across the seasons to better assess the livestock-resources interactions in its local environment in the region. We analyzed seasonal profiles of the diet of grazing cattle in five sites distributed along the Sudano-Sahelian climate gradient from an arid to a sub-humid bioclimate. In the five sites (ranked from the driest to the wettest: Widou, Dahra, Niakhar, Koumbia, Kolda), the feeding behavior of grazing cattle was monitored and feces were collected monthly for one year to estimate dietary intake and digestibility. All the conserved dry samples (n = 1,186) underwent near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) analyses. The resulting spectral data were compared with a large set of spectral reference data (n=4,138) to predict dry matter intake (DMvi_Fnir DM; g.kgMW -1 ) and digestibility (dMO_Fnir,%OM) using an updated NIRS "local calibration" procedure. Daily fodder intake ranged from 38.90 ± 6.35 in the hot dry season to 83.86 ± 8.73 gDM.kgMW -1 .d -1 in the late wet season. Estimated diet organic matter digestibility ranged from 53.6 ± 8.51% in the hot dry season to 74.3 ± 3.52% in the early wet season. Estimated by aggregation, the total annual intake of a tropical livestock unit (TLU, i.e. a standard 250 kg live weight animal) ranged from 1,236 ± 255 kgDM.TLU -1 .year -1 in Dahra to 1,560 ± 142 kgDM.TLU -1 .year -1 in Widou. This was well below the 2,281 Kg.DM annual estimate derived from a standard intake of 2.5% LW in DM. Taking digestibility into account, the summed annual metabolizable energy (ME) intake values ranged from 9,858 ± 2,077 Mj.TLU -1.year -1 in Dahra to 13,929 ± 2,345 Mj.TLU -1 .year -1 in Koumbia. While important gaps appear during the dry season in some locations, this covered the annual basal maintenance requirements of a TLU, which, based on international standards, are estimated at 7,819 Mj.TLU -1.year -1 (21.4 Mj.day -1 )
Integrating metaecosystem framework with ecosystem service dynamics in sociohydrosystems
No full textInternational audienceSociohydrosystems provide vital ecosystem services such as water purification, flood regulation, and climate regulation. However, understanding the complex relationships among ecosystem processes, hydrosystem dynamics, and ecosystem services is crucial. The metaecosystem framework, which is focused on the flows of organisms, matter, and energy among ecosystems across spatial and temporal scales, provides valuable tools for more holistic ecosystem assessments. The present article shows that a unified framework is crucial for understanding how ecosystem services are influenced by spatiotemporal dynamics of organisms, matter, and energy, advancing our understanding of how changes in one area of the hydrosystem translate into changes in other areas. The proposed framework also helps identify synergies and trade-offs among ecosystem services and the influence of environmental conditions. Finally, this unified framework enhances our ability to inform decision-making; design adaptive management strategies that consider changing environmental conditions, especially in the context of climate change; and mitigate social inequalities
Sangliers : géographies d'un animal politique
No full textCollection Babel n° 2023National audienceEn quelques décennies, l'emblématique bête noire des forêts, jadis célébrée comme figure de la "nature sauvage", s'est muée en espèce envahissante, parfois dérangeante, voire honnie. C'est un fait : les sangliers sont parmi nous. Des crêtes boisées aux plaines agricoles, des quartiers pavillonnaires aux parcs urbains, ils s'imposent comme des acteurs à part entière de nos territoires. Bon gré, mal gré, le sanglier est désormais un véritable "animal politique", au cœur de débats animés et de controverses passionnées...
Élaboration des vins au domaine de Mortiès : analyse des itinéraires oenologiques du raisin à la bouteille
No full textMortiès wine estate, located on the southern slopes of the Pic-Saint-Loup, in the commune of Saint-Jean-de-Cuculle to the north of Montpellier (Hérault), covers 14 hectares of vines grown using organic and biodynamic methods. Set in the heart of an isolated valley, the vineyard is surrounded by a forest of holm oaks and scots pines. The wines reflect this complex and diverse landscape. Most of the production is under the local certification PDO Pic-Saint-Loup, with wine composed mainly of Syrah and Grenache N, matured for over six months in barrels and vats.The aim of this report is to present the estate’s production environment, setting out the geographical and climatic context, the agronomic management of the vineyard and the available production resources. In particular, It describes the winemaking methods used, from the ripening of the grapes to the bottling of the wines.Le domaine de Mortiès, situé sur le versant sud du Pic-Saint-Loup, dans la commune de Saint-Jean-de-Cuculle au nord de Montpellier (Hérault), s’étend sur 14 hectares de vignes conduites en agriculture biologique et biodynamique. Implanté au coeur d’une combe isolée, les vignes d’un seul tenant sont entourées d’une forêt de chênes verts et de pins sylvestres. Les vins reflètent ce paysage complexe et diversifié. La majorité de la production est sous l’appellation locale AOP Pic-Saint-Loup, avec des cuvées composées principalement de Syrah et de Grenache, élevées pendant plus de six mois en barrique et en cuve.Ce mémoire a pour objectif de présenter l’environnement de production du domaine en exposant le contexte géographique et climatique, la conduite agronomique du vignoble ainsi que les moyens de production. Il retrace en particulier les méthodes de vinifications depuis la maturation des raisins jusqu’à la mise en bouteille des vins
