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Benefits of Increased Dietary Diversity Depend on Food Group and Diversity Dimension: A Microsimulation Modeling Study
No full textInternational audienceBackground: Dietary diversity is essential for nutrient adequacy, but its effects may vary depending on which food groups are diversified and the dimension of diversity considered (i.e., the number of food subgroups consumed, their consumption evenness, or their nutritional dissimilarity).Objectives: This study aimed to identify which food groups and diversity dimensions contribute to positive or negative effects of dietary diversity on the nutrient quality of diets, and to assess the magnitude of these effects and their underlying mechanisms.Methods: Using data from the French National Food Consumption Survey, we developed an individual level microsimulation model to maximize diversity within 12 food groups—one at a time—either in a single dimension or across the 3 dimensions simultaneously, while keeping the total quantity consumed constant. Nutrient quality was evaluated using probabilistic scores for nutrient adequacy, nutrient security (i.e., risk of deficiency), and moderation (i.e., avoidance of excessive intakes of sugar, sodium, and saturated fat). The effects of iincreasing diversity were analyzed using factorial repeated-measures analysis of variance.Results: Five food groups categories emerged based on how increased within-group diversity impacted nutrient quality: “favorable,” “no effect, “mixed effects,” “highly contrasting effects,” and “unfavorable.” “Vegetables,” “Fish and Seafood,” and “Bread” food groups fell into the first category, where greater diversity enhanced nutrient adequacy (with effect sizes ranging from +0.04 to +0.16 SD) without compromising moderation. In these cases, increasing the number of subgroups consumed was the most effective strategy. In contrast, increasing diversity within “Meat, Poultry, Eggs” and “Dairy,” classified under the contrasting or unfavorable categories, tended to undermine moderation (from–0.05 to–0.20 SD). These negative effects were primarily driven by increasing consumption evenness and nutrient dissimilarity.Conclusions: Promoting dietary diversity should not be generic. It should be targeted to the food group and diversification strategies that enhance nutrient adequacy without compromising moderation
Chemin d’impact du LLUNAM: Cadre de référence pour investiguer, concevoir, expérimenter et évaluer ensemble des Solutions fondées sur la Nature sur l’aire urbaine de Montpellier
No full textCe rapport présente le chemin d’impact du living lab LLUNAM, dédié au déploiement des Solutions fondées sur la Nature sur l’aire urbaine de Montpellier. Ce chemin d’impact a été co-construit en mobilisant la démarche de planification stratégique ASIRPA lors d’ateliers multi-acteur∙rices. Cette démarche vise à expliciter collectivement les impacts souhaités au long terme, les changements nécessaires pour y contribuer et les stratégies transformatrices à mettre en œuvre pour les générer.Le document articule un diagnostic partagé des enjeux socio-environnementaux du territoire, une vision à l'horizon 2050 d’une métropole fondée sur la nature, ainsi que l’identification de voies de changement structurantes. Celles-ci intègrent des dimensions de gouvernance, de production et partage de connaissances, d’(inter)médiation, de participation citoyenne, de cadre réglementaire et de transformation des pratiques professionnelles.Conçu comme un outil opérationnel et stratégique, ce rapport a vocation à servir de guide de pilotage pour investiguer, concevoir, expérimenter et évaluer, avec les acteur∙rices du territoire, des Solutions fondées sur la Nature. Il peut ainsi être mobilisé comme cadre de référence par les porteur∙euses de projets qui souhaitent situer leurs initiatives dans le champ d’action du living lab LLUNAM
Oil palm spreads, but rubber still there-mapping the continuous but slow changes of plantations area in Southern Thailand
No full textSource Agritrop Cirad (https://agritrop.cirad.fr/616499/) * Autres projets (id;sigle;titre): ;DYNAMOST;(THA) Dynamics of Oil Palm Plantation in Southern Thailand//International audienceSoutheast Asia is undergoing rapid land use transitions, largely driven by smallholders responding to fluctuations in crop prices and market opportunities. In Southern Thailand, oil palm cultivation has gained increasing importance—historically the main rubber-producing region. This study analyzed land use changes in the Krabi, Trang, and Nakhon Si Thammarat provinces (2 million hectares in total) between 2012 and 2022 and utilized the Land Change Modeler framework to predict future trends for 2022–2032. The novelty of this study lies in the use of a spatially explicit modeling framework to quantify and forecast smallholder-driven conversions from rubber to oil palm, an underexplored dynamic in Thailand compared to the large-scale plantation systems of neighboring countries. Based on the results, there was a net expansion of oil palm by approximately 137,000 hectares, largely replacing 53,000 hectares of rubber, while paddy fields declined by 80,000 hectares, decreasing from 5% to less than 1% of the total area. Despite this shift, rubber remained the dominant crop, occupying 36.7% of the landscape in 2022. Model validation against the observed 2022 data demonstrated high predictive accuracy, with the projections for 2032 indicating continued but slower oil palm expansion. These findings revealed the continued presence of diversified agricultural landscapes despite strong economic drivers promoting oil palm cultivation. They stress the importance of evidence-based land-use policies that safeguard crop diversity and local food production as a risk mitigation strategy suited to an uncertain climatic and socio-economic future
Pseudogenes Document Protracted Parallel Regression of Oral Anatomy in Myrmecophagous Mammals
No full textInternational audienceAdaptation to ant and/or termite consumption (myrmecophagy) in mammals constitutes a textbook example of convergent evolution, being independently derived in several mammalian lineages. Myrmecophagous species are characterized by striking convergent morphological adaptations such as skull elongation, enlargement of salivary glands, and long claws to dig into ant and termite nests. These evolutionary modifications also include anatomical regression, such as dental simplification or loss, reduction of masticatory muscles, and possessing a reduced set of taste buds. To gain insights into the molecular changes underlying the regression of these morpho-anatomical traits, we investigated the functionality of candidate genes related to dentition, gustation, and mastication in nine convergent myrmecophagous mammalian lineages. We examined these genes in a comparative phylogenetic context, paired with molecular evolutionary analyses, to estimate the relative timing of loss of gene function over the evolutionary history of each convergent lineage. We found that gustatory reduction and pseudogenization of masticatory myosin often were associated with the regression of dental genes. Evidence of pseudogenization events linked to oral anatomy dates to as early as the Cretaceous/Paleogene boundary, and is an ongoing process including examples of incipient gene inactivations. Whereas we found evidence for gene inactivations across all three functional categories occurring during distinct temporal intervals, there was variation in the sets of genes lost and the relative timing of inactivation events. The combined evidence suggests that the convergent evolution of myrmecophagy has occurred as a protracted process with distinct phases of anatomical evolution, over timescales as long as 60 Myr
Avian extra‐pair paternity in the last European primeval forest
No full textInternational audience1. Primeval forests offer a reference baseline to understand the origins and evolution of mating systems, as their relatively undisturbed environment provides a glimpse into how ecological interactions and natural selection play out in their original context.2. We established rates of extra-pair paternity (EPP) for two bird species referential to evolutionary ecology: blue tits and great tits, breeding in natural cavities in Białowieża National Park, the sole remnant of European lowland primeval forests.3. Genotype-by-sequencing of 889 blue tits and 1256 great tits revealed that 48% of blue tit broods and 39% great tit broods were of mixed paternity, with 15% blue tit and 14% great tit nestlings not sired by their social father. These referential levels align with median values of EPP reported in nestbox studies in secondary and managed forests, suggesting that certain reproductive strategies are advantageous across environments. Observed EPP levels did not affect reproductive success or parental investment, indicating no or limited adaptive value for EPP in the context of a primeval forest ecosystem. 4. Our study challenges the assumption that EPP is maintained by direct or indirect fitness benefits. Rather than indicating recent adaptive responses, the observed patterns may be consistent with long-standing and resilient mating strategies that have persisted under increasing global ecological pressures.</div
Correction of the Jitter Effect in Pléiades Satellite Elevation Data for Enhanced 3D Change Monitoring
No full textInternational audienceThe satellite jitter effect observable in the digital elevation model of difference, herein referred to as DoD, generated using tri-stereo pairs of Pléiades images is a common phenomenon that can reduce the precision of elevation measurements making it challenging for 3D change detection in the land surface. To address this issue, previous studies used correction methods based on polynomial and sinusoid fitting to reduce the jitter effect. However, such approaches do not entirely remove these undulations. In this paper, the image noise reduction task is framed as a signal filtering problem, to eliminate these repetitive patterns while preserving relevant information for accurate change detection using Fourier transform. The noise frequency is identified through the frequency spectrum using a threshold-based method, allowing the subsequent application of a finite impulse response filter to remove the noise. Experiments conducted on Pléiades DoDs data covering the Lebna watershed located in the north of Tunisia validate the effectiveness of this approach. The results demonstrate that the Fourier transform-based filtering method significantly outperforms the state-of-the-art methods, both in terms of qualitative visual assessment and quantitative performance metrics
Nanoscale regulation of ROS signaling at the plasma membrane tunes the plant response to osmotic stress
No full textThe spatiotemporal organization of proteins and lipids within membranes is crucial for ensuring proper cellular signaling. While the segregation of proteins and lipids into membrane nanodomains is well established, it remains unclear whether nanodomains can generate gradients of small diffusible molecules. In plants, reactive oxygen species (ROS), especially hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ), act as a key signaling molecules in response to environmental stimuli such as osmotic stress. However, how extracellular H 2 O 2 affects intracellular signaling has remained unknown. Here, we show that osmotic stimulation induces the formation of localized, H 2 O 2 -rich nano-environments at the cytoplasmic face of the plasma membrane (PM) in Arabidopsis root cells. Using a PM-tethered H 2 O 2 biosensor, we found that these oxidized nanodomains arise from the clustering of RESPIRATORY BURST OXIDASE HOMOLOGs (RBOHs) and RHO OF PLANTS 6 (ROP6), in coordination with aquaporin-mediated H 2 O 2 transport via the PLASMA MEMBRANE INTRINSIC PROTEIN2;7 (PIP2;7). These local redox hotspots at the PM create a feedforward loop in which H 2 O 2 enhances ROP6 nanoclustering thereby amplifying ROS signaling. Disruption of H 2 O 2 production or transport dampens both ROP6 clustering and anisotropic cell expansion, indicating a crucial role for spatially-confined redox signaling in regulating plant growth under osmotic stress. Our findings propose a model in which ROP6/RBOHD-F/PIP2;7 nanodomains function as discrete redox signaling units, redefining ROS signaling at the PM as a structured, signal-specific, and compartmentalized process
ERRATA: An approach to the taxonomy and phylogeny of Oxygastridae sensu Fleck, 2018 based on larval and imaginal morphology (Odonata : Anisoptera).
No full textInternational audienc
Bulletin de veille du réseau d'écotoxicologie terrestre et aquatique N°82
No full textINRAE, réseau ECOTOX → A paraîtreBulletin de veill