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Urban planning decisions expose Traveller sites to disproportionate environmental burdens
No full textInternational audienceEthnic minorities often face environmental inequalities, as they are more likely to be exposed to hazardous and polluting facilities. Yet the role of urban planning on shaping these inequalities, particularly in Europe, remains understudied. The siting of Traveller sites offers a clear example of how repeated urban planning decisions can produce systemic discrimination, as local representatives determine where Travellers are allowed to stay, thereby directly influencing their exposure to environmental disamenities. By linking Traveller sites in France with socio-economic and environmental data, we provide statistical evidence that Traveller sites are more likely to be implemented in cities with more disamenities and that sites are more exposed than any other residential areas within these cities (even other disadvantaged households). Based on our findings, we discuss two potential mechanisms that may underpin this discrimination: cost minimization and discriminatory preferences of local representatives and residents
Using near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) to predict budbreak of the following year
No full textData availability statement: The R code used for the PLSR analyses is available from gitlab.com/watsonamy1/nirs-plsr. The phenological and NIRS data can also be found at the GitLab link. The phenological data was a subset sourced from Farrera et al. (2024) and the NIRS data was a subset from Perez et al. (2025). The sequence data used for the GWAS analyses are available from the following online repositories: the capture sequencing data from the NCBI BioProject database at https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/bioproject/PRJNA1023873 and the Axiom (R) Apple 480 K array data from Denance et al. 2022.International audienceNear-infrared spectra (NIRS) from plant tissues can be used to predict traits owing to their relationship to internal biochemical states, shaped by both environmental and genetic components. Here, we tested the use of NIRS as predictors of budbreak the following year. We measured NIRS on leaf and bud tissue, collected at several dates during the growing season, of 240 dessert apple cultivars in 2021 and 2022. NIRS collected in 2021 and budbreak of 2022 were used to train partial least squares (PLSR) models, then tested using NIRS of 2022 to predict budbreak in 2023. A GWAS using these predictions identified a QTL, previously associated to budbreak in apple, indicating a significant genetic component was maintained in the predictions. Our results demonstrate the potential of NIRS to predict future developmental stages, such as budbreak, by detecting the metabolic states that precede them and could aid in genetic studies of difficult-tomeasure traits.</div
Resistance against Barley yellow dwarf virus: characterization of Ryd2 and Ryd3 genes in barley
No full textInternational audienceIn the context of the reduction of insecticide availability, varietal innovations associated with resistance or tolerance to vector-borne viral diseases represent major ecological, agronomical and economical challenges for future management strategies. Yellow dwarf disease (YDD) is one of the most important viral diseases on small grain cereals worldwide. In France, yield losses are mainly due to isolates of barley yellow dwarf virus PAV (BYDV-PAV; species Luteovirus pavhordei). BYDV-PAV isolates are efficiently transmitted by Rhopalosiphum padi. Several experiments of aphid-mediated inoculation of an isolate of BYDV-PAV were carried out under controlled conditions to evaluate a set of 14 barley genotypes carrying Ryd2 (n = 7), Ryd3 (n = 4) or Ryd2/Ryd3 (n = 3) genes. Results show that Ryd genes limit the success of infection (low infection rates) and increase the latency period in infected hosts. These characteristics allow the Ryd2- and Ryd3-genotypes to be described as partially resistant to YDD. Furthermore, this work highlights i) the role of barley’s genetic background on the partial resistance phenotype provided by Ryd genes and ii) the increased BYDV-PAV-resistance phenotype of Ryd2/Ryd3 pyramided genotypes. This characterization of virus/Ryd gene interactions should be considered for future breeding programs against this viral disease
Federated FAIR Semantic Artefacts Discovery and Search with OntoPortal Federation
No full textInternational audienceThe explosion in the number of ontologies and semantic artefacts has come with the importance of developing Semantic Artefact Catalogues to support diverse research communities to harvest, share and serve these artefacts as FAIR objects. However, the lack of interoperability of these catalogues hampers cross disciplinary studies and make semantic stakeholders work quite cumbersome juggling back and forth from one tool to another. In this paper, we define Semantic Artefact Catalogues interoperability and report on three approaches studied. We present the implementation of the OntoPortal Federation, i.e., the technical and collaboration processes engaged to federate multiple OntoPortal-based catalogues. We showcase how AgroPortal, EcoPortal, EarthPortal, and BiodivPortal, have been federated and now enable federated browsing and search, facilitating seamless access to distributed semantic artefacts and ontologies across their respective disciplines: agri-food, ecology, earth sciences and biodiversity. We discuss technical challenges and governance decisions and conclude by outlining future directions toward a sustainable and community-driven OntoPortal-based semantic layer for open science data infrastructures
Comité d'experts sur la gestion adaptative - Avis concernant la chasse de la tourterelle des bois
No full textMultichannel Chromatic Dispersion Measurement Using Long-Period Fibre Gratings: tests of Wine Fermentation Monitoring
No full textInternational audienceOptical fibre sensors (OFS) offer potentials to the challenging continuous control of manufacture processes, because they are reliable, cheap, versatile and, quite critically, fast. For example in the food and drink industry, monitoring is usually performed randomly and off-line. In contrary, OFS are sturdy, are easy to implement on-line for continuous monitoring, have a small footprint and typical response times of less than minutes or even seconds, depending on the required sensitivity and limit of detection. In particular, measuring of the chromaticdispersion (CD) of liquids may provide very interesting insight in the progress of the manufacture. For instance, in the wine industry, fermentation of must extracted from grapes is complex and dynamical. Its monitoring is done on experimental model production lines, using performant techniques such as HPLC. OFS have proven interesting performances, mostly for temperature, and refractive index. Recently, we have proven the concept of an original multi-channels CD sensor using a dual long-period fibre grating (Bi-LPG). Wedemonstrated that some chemical compounds in liquids could be discriminated from others through their CD signature. Indeed, each LPG attenuation band being associated with the matching of the core mode to one cladding mode (that interacts with the external medium via its evanescent field), all « channels » are independent refractive index sensors, and can be used to estimate the CD of the surrounding medium
Deciphering spatiotemporal patterns of rhizodeposition with a functional-structural root model: RhizoDep
No full textData Availability The code of RhizoDep is available on GitHub (https:// github. com/ opena lea/ rhizo dep).International audienceBackground and Aims: Rhizodeposition, i.e. the release of organic matters by roots, constitutes a significant fraction of the plant carbon (C) budget and plays a key role in plant-soil interactions. However, its spatial and temporal dynamics remain poorly understood. Methods: We developed RhizoDep, a new functional-structural root model that simulates 3D root growth, respiration, and rhizodeposition based on C balance and root morphology at the individual root segment level. Results: Our model successfully reproduced the dynamics of belowground C flows observed in a previous pulse-labelling field experiment on spring wheat. Our simulations revealed that root C exudation largely dominated over mucilage secretion and cap cells sloughing in terms of C release. The spatial distribution of exudation rate along the roots was driven by the preferential unloading of sugars to support root elongation and emergence, and was modulated by the formation of apoplastic barriers. Furthermore, our results demonstrated that, for a given C allocation flow to roots, variations in root hairs or lateral root number had minimal effects on rhizodeposition, whereas changes in root tissue density had a significant impact. Conclusion: RhizoDep offers a new opportunity to explore the dynamics of C exchange at the plant-soil interface and to identify traits and environmental conditions that favor rhizodeposition
GrAuFlow: A snakemake workflow for pangenome graph augmentation using short read data
No full textInternational audiencePangenome graphs are gaining popularity in genomic analysis as they address the bias introduced by using a single reference genome in population variant analyses. However, with the constant acquisition of new sequencing data, it is essential to update these graphs to incorporate new genomic resources. When new fully sequenced genomes are available, reconstructing the graph is often the most convenient method. In the case of small sequences, such as those from amplicon sequencing, augmenting the graph may be more straightforward, as only a small portion of the graph will be modified. In this study, we are interested in augmenting a graph with fragmented genomes assembled from short reads. This data represents a valuable resource of genetic diversity that is not currently utilized in graphs, where use of T2T genomes are recommended.In this context, we are developing a workflow called GrAuFlow (Graph Augmentation Workflow) using the Snakemake workflow manager (Mölder et al, 2021). First, GrAuFlow performs an assembly of Illumina short read data using the SPAdes assembly toolkit ( Prjibelski et al, 2020), retaining only contigs that pass stringent quality filters. Then, contigs are fractioned in long reads sequence like and mapped onto the graph using different tools: Palss (Denti et al, 2025) , GraphAligner ( Rautiainen et al, 2020) and SVArp (Soylev et al, 2024), before graph augmentation with vg augment (Garrison etal, 2018). GrAuFlow then extracts structural variants (SV) from the different strategies to retain only well supported with a minimal length. Finally, SVs are compared to modify the graph only with those that show consistent variants across all graph augmentation tools. To test our approach, we use Zymoseptoria tritici, a fungal pathogen responsible for septoria tritici blotch of wheat.Based on graphs generated by Minigraph and Minigraph-Cactus using 8 genomes of Zymoseptoria tritici, we validate that short-reads data could be useful to add new information in pangenome graph. Nevertheless, this approach is limited to medium-size variants. Structural variants that are not easilyassembled due to repeat contents or complex events may not be detected, which makes this approach interesting for enriching specific loci of interest
Gobernanza, desarrollo, aprendizajes e instrumentos: desafíos para los territorios
No full textInternational audienceLos aprendizajes territoriales sustentan los procesos de desarrollo territorial y gobernanza, nacen en la utilización de los instrumentos y dispositivos que permiten la implementación de la gobernanza territorial. Comprender los mecanismos de gobernanza territorial es necesario para promover el desarrollo territorial y la sostenibilidad. Uno de los principales desafíos es identificar los objetivos, las preocupaciones de las poblaciones locales y facilitar la implicación de los actores en los procesos de desarrollo territorial. Podemos interrogarnos entonces de: ¿cómo se configuran estas dinámicas? ¿Cómo se ajustan los objetivos de los actores y se construyen los proyectos de desarrollo? Los actores incorporan en sus esquemas de decisión las informaciones y los conocimientos producidos en las situaciones de cooperación, tensiones o conflictos, así también los resultados de las acciones emprendidas, exitosas o no, para apropiarse de los instrumentos, propuestos por el Estado, para desviarlos o para crear nuevos instrumentos. Este artículo se fundamenta en trabajos de investigación e intervención realizados durante los últimos 30 años en Francia (metropolitana y ultramarina) y en el extranjero (Argentina, Brasil, Cuba, Chile, Francia, Portugal, Burkina Faso y Camerún)
“Madd de Casamance”: the collective construction of a GI on a picked product to develop a sustainable industry
No full textInternational audienceThis chapter analyses the request for registration of a GI “madd de Casamance” made by an association of pickers and processors of Casamance madd in Senegal. Challenges had to be overcome in the construction of this request and the associated specifications, at the level of the nature of the GI product (fresh and/or processed product), of the delimitation of the geographical area for the transformation, of control and traceability. The impact that the registration of this GI could have on the sustainability of the industry is evaluated ex ante