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PFAS Data Hub: An open data portal featuring geovisualisation
No full textPer-and polyluoroalkylated substances (PFAS) are a group of man-made chemical substances used in everyday products and industry processes since the 1950s. They contain carbon-fluorine bonds, among the strongest in chemistry, resulting in intrinsic or indirect extreme environmental persistence and earning them the nickname "forever chemicals". In a context of growing awareness of PFAS toxicity and widespread pollution, the Forever Pollution Project (FPP), a cross-border journalistic investigation, compiled data on measured and estimated PFAS contamination across Europe, published as an interactive map. In this data paper we present the PFAS Data Hub (PDH), a project building upon the FPP dataset and reprocessing it using a more robust and transparent methodology. We incorporated several additional data sources, most of which are automatically updated on a monthly basis. To our knowledge, this constitutes the only compilation of PFAS contamination data at the European scale. It is intended to support research projects across a wide range of different disciplines, and to be used as a source of information by journalists, citizens and civil society organisations. The data, as well as a geovisualisation tool with filtering and export options, is available on the PDH website: https://pdh.cnrs.fr.</div
Des territoires périmétropolitains aux seuils de l’Anthropocène, l’invention de la communauté sociale : étude comparative des projets territoriaux dans la périphérie bordelaise (France) et malaguène (Espagne)
No full textThis thesis examines, from the perspective of urban sociology, how peri-metropolitan territories engage with environmental and climate issues. The aim along with the idea of nature—traditionally a marginal characteristic of the urban –is to collectively redefine their relationship with metropolitan areas and to envision a viable planetary future. We observe how stakeholders jointly readjust their position vis-à-vis established and institutionalized metropolises committed to the spirit of resilience, and how they set the priorities of social projects in territories marked by both dispersed housing and the growth of mobility. The revelation of the Anthropocene represents, in urban debates, a paradigmatic rupture that fosters a reformulation of spatialities and of so-called urban societies, which have become the primary living environment for humankind. For metropolises, and for the neighboring territories in their orbit, this awareness acts as an injunction to change and to revise territorial trajectories, which are understood as governed planning, social reorganization, and transformations of dwelling practices. Our work relies on a comparative international approach across two peri-metropolitan contexts exposed to the tangible effects of human actions and to climate phenomena that characterize the Anthropocene. In southwestern France, the Communauté de Communes Convergence Garonne is a former fluvial territory scarred by intensive sand and gravel extraction from the Garonne riverbed, now converted into a corridor of mobility and settlement for populations arriving from the Bordeaux metropolis. In Andalusia, in southern Spain, the Comarca del Valle del Guadalhorce, traversed by the eponymous river and its tributary, the Río Grande, is witnessing the installation of green-growth megaprojects—promoted by the European Union and the Junta de Andalucía—on the valley’s farmland and water reserves, crucial for both the valley itself and the Málaga metropolis, within a climate context that has been extreme for several years. Semi-structured interviews (60 across both sites), on site observation, content analysis of planning documents and websites, and press reviews constituted the main methods of investigation. Within peri-metropolitan territories, nature is conceived as a cultivated alibi through which local sovereignty can be asserted and legitimized against metropolitan planning practices—particularly the framing of nature as an urban resource—that worsen and spread social inequalities. Through specific uses of the environment, stakeholders revive traditional territorial representations, especially the notion of the commons, which underpin a reterritorialization around new action frameworks. This involves mobilizing multiple fields of expertise, intrinsic to the examination of natura naturata, and induces a redistributive deconstruction of local governance, characterized by shared interests and multiterritoriality. In the French case, the progressive and thematic scattering of competences, along with the emergence of a dedicated and institutionalized technical expertise, tends to construct among stakeholders a shared and negotiated narrative: that of a perpetual and plural natural identity, which in fact contributes to metropolitan dynamics. In the Spanish case, the concentration of competences and territorial engineering within the Junta de Andalucía ensures an optimal institutional responsiveness—an advantage in a critical climatic context—but tends to dispossess the vecinos of their pueblo. Citizen responses, influenced by the cultural and ideological inputs of foreign populations, transform local pueblismo into an inter-municipal territorial community. Our argument unfolds in four stages. The first models the research by revisiting the phenomenon of metropolization, the project-based development of secondary European cities at the turn of the millennium, and the evolution of associated peri-metropolitan territories(…).Cette thèse analyse sous l’angle de la sociologie urbaine, comment les territoires périmétropolitains, se saisissent des questions environnementales et climatiques, de l’idée de nature, caractéristique marginale de l’urbain, pour redéfinir collectivement leur rapport aux métropoles et envisager un futur planétaire viable. Nous observons la façon dont les acteurs réajustent conjointement leur position vis-à-vis de métropoles constituées, instituées et engagées dans l’esprit de la résilience et la façon dont ils déterminent les priorités du(es) projet(s) social(ux) dans un territoire marqué par l’habitat diffus et l’accroissement des mobilités. La révélation de l’Anthropocène, est dans le débat sur les villes, un moment de rupture paradigmatique propice à engendrer une reformulation des spatialités et des sociétés dites urbaines, devenues le principal cadre de vie des hommes. Pour les métropoles et dans leur sillage, les territoires « voisins », cette prise de conscience sonne comme une injonction au changement et à la révision de la trajectoire du territoire, en tant que planification gouvernée, ré-organisation sociale, et mutation des modes d’habiter. Nous nous appuyons sur une démarche comparative internationale, deux terrains périmétropolitains soumis aux effets tangibles des actions anthropiques et des effets climatiques caractéristiques de l’Anthropocène. Dans le Sud-Ouest de la France, la Communauté de Commune de Convergence Garonne est un ancien territoire fluvial sinistré par l’exploitation intensive des sables et graves du lit de la Garonne et converti en corridor de mobilité et de peuplement de populations en provenance de la métropole bordelaise. En Andalousie, au sud de l’Espagne, la Hoya de Málaga, traversée par le río Guadalhorce et son affluent, le río Grande, voit l’installation de mégaprojets de la croissance verte, promue par l’Union Européenne et la Junta de Andalucía, sur les terres nourricières et les réserves d’eau de la vallée et de la métropole de Málaga, dans un contexte climatique extrême depuis plusieurs années. Des entretiens semi-directifs - 60 sur les deux sites - l’observation directe des sites, l’analyse du contenu de documents de planification et des sites internet, une revue de presse, ont été l’essentiel des modes d’investigations. Au sein des territoires périmétropolitains, la nature est considérée comme un alibi à cultiver pour affirmer une souveraineté locale et légitime opposable à des faits métropolitains planifiés - notamment l’idée de nature comme ressource citadine - qui aggravent et propagent les inégalités sociales. Par l’usage particulier du milieu, les acteurs font ressurgir des réprésentations traditionnelles du territoire, notamment la notion de commun, qui appuient une reterritorialisation de nouveaux référentiels d’action. Elle engage la mobilisation de nombreux domaines de compétences, intrinsèques à l’examen de la natura naturata, et induit ainsi une déconstruction redistributive de la gouvernance locale, caractérisée par la communauté d’intérêt et la multiterritorialité. Dans le cas français l’éparpillement progressif et thématisé des compétences et l’apparition d’une ingénierie dédiée et instituée, tend à construire entre les acteurs un récit partagé et négocié : celui d’une identité naturelle perpétuelle et plurielle qui participe de fait à la dynamique métropolitaine. Dans le cas espagnol, la concentration des compétences et de l’ingénierie territoriale au sein de la Junta de Andalucía permet une réactivité optimale des institutions, atout dans un contexte climatique critique, mais tend à déposseder les vecinos de leur pueblo. Les réactions citoyennes, influencées par les apports culturels et idéologiques de populations étrangères, transmutent le pueblisme local en une communauté territoriale intercommunale. Nous développons notre démonstration en quatre temps (…)
Mapping the gradual loss of evidentiality in Pomak using a self-paced reading experiment
No full textInternational audienc
What can lithics tell us about food production during the transition to farming? Exploring harvesting practices and cultural changes during the neolithic in Southwest Asia: a view from Qminas (north‐western Syria)
No full textInternational audienceThis study examines the continuity and change in harvesting practices between the Late Pre‐Pottery Neolithic B (LPPNB) and the Early Pottery Neolithic at Qminas, north‐western Levant, through a traceological analysis of flint sickles. By combining qualitative traceological analysis with quantitative functional approaches, we demonstrate that sickle blades were used for low‐cut harvesting of ripe domesticated cereals, reflecting a fully established farming system. The production and use of sickles remained highly standardized throughout the site’s occupation, with sustained investment in their manufacture. The specialized production of sickle blades for cereal harvesting at Qminas highlights the crucial role of lithic tools in food production and their broader significance in the transition to farming in Southwest Asia. The overall technical stability observed across the LPPNB and Pottery Neolithic levels indicates that the consolidation of agricultural systems in the north‐western Levant was not a sudden rupture but rather a continuous process embedded within the broader trajectory of Neolithization. This evidence suggests that the transition in this region was characterized by an evolutionary shift within the same cultural framework, leading to the consolidation of a fully developed agropastoral lifestyle
Informer sous les bombes : Pratiques, cadrages et stratégies des médias alternatifs syriens dans la couverture de la guerre civile
No full textInternational audienceCette communication analyse le rôle des médias alternatifs syriens dans la couverture de la guerre civile, dans un contexte marqué par l’inaccessibilité du terrain, la répression étatique et une forte guerre informationnelle. À partir d’un corpus de 1 650 tweets publiés par quatre médias alternatifs syriens et de 18 entretiens semi-directifs avec des journalistes citoyens, l’étude mobilise une approche mixte combinant analyse de contenu et analyse du discours, inscrite dans les travaux sur les cadrages médiatiques. Les résultats mettent en évidence la prédominance d’un cadrage militaire sur Twitter, contrastant avec un cadrage humanitaire central dans les discours des journalistes interrogés. L’analyse révèle également une forte hétérogénéité éditoriale et des formes d’alignement avec différents acteurs armés locaux. La communication montre ainsi la position ambivalente de ces médias : à la fois acteurs indispensables pour documenter les réalités locales et donner voix aux victimes civiles, et parties prenantes d’une dynamique de guerre informationnelle où l’information devient un enjeu stratégique de légitimation et de contre-narration
Relative Effectiveness of High‐Dose vs. Standard‐Dose Influenza Vaccines in Preventing Hospitalizations: A National Retrospective Cohort Study in France, 2022/2023 Season
No full textInternational audienceBackground: A French cohort study (2021/2022 influenza season) found the high-dose influenza vaccine (HD) more effective than standard-dose vaccines (SDs) in preventing influenza-related hospitalizations in the elderly. The study continued to refine results and validate these findings.Methods: Data from community-dwelling 65+ adults who received HD or SD during the 2022/2023 vaccination campaign were extracted from the National Health database. Hospitalizations were recorded from 14 days postvaccination until June 30, 2023. HD and SD recipients were matched using a propensity score. Associations between vaccines and hospitalizations were assessed by estimating incidence rate ratios and converting them to HD vs. SD vaccine relative effectiveness (rVE).Results: A total of 675,412 HD recipients were matched to 2,701,648 SD recipients. The rVE for influenza-related hospitalizations was 27.4% [95% CI: 19.8; 34.3]. It ranged from 22.7% [9.8; 33.6] to 33.6% [21.2; 44.0] across age groups, indicating that HD consistently outperformed SDs in preventing influenza-related hospitalizations, with the highest effect observed in 85+.Conclusions: Our study is the first to publish rVE data comparing HD and SDs in a real-world setting in France for the 2022/2023 influenza season. Its findings reaffirm the benefit of HD vs. SDs. HD could help reduce the burden of severe respiratory infections in the elderly
La gestion des ressources de subsistance durant la Protohistoire centrasiatique et ses relations avec la hiérarchie sociale locale,
No full textInternational audienceIt was around the end of the 19th century that explorers, particularly Russian and American, discovered the first ancient sites in southern Central Asia. Subsequent archaeological research, conducted by Soviet-Central Asian expeditions, brought to light traces of a complex proto-urban civilisation known as Oxus (Francfort 2009), also called the Bactro-Margian Archaeological Complex 1 (Sarianidi 1990), dating from the Bronze Age (3rd-2nd millennia BCE). Throughout the 20th century, large-scale sites were discovered and excavated in Turkmenistan, Afghanistan, Tajikistan and Uzbekistan. This work highlighted a civilisation similar in many respects to its contemporaries in the Near East, the Iranian Plateau and the Indus Valley.C'est autour de la fin du xix e siècle que les explorateurs, notamment russes et américains, découvrent les premiers sites antiques de l'Asie centrale méridionale. Les recherches archéologiques suivantes, menées par des expéditions soviéto-centrasiatiques, mettent en lumière les traces d'une civilisation proto-urbaine complexe, dite de l'Oxus (Francfort 2009), appelée aussi Complexe archéologique bactro-margien 1 (Sarianidi 1990), datée de l'âge du Bronze (iii e -ii e millénaires av. n. è.). Tout au long du xx e siècle, la découverte et la fouille de sites de grande envergure se déroulent au Turkménistan, en Afghanistan, au Tadjikistan et en Ouzbékistan. Ces travaux mettent en exergue une civilisation semblable, en plusieurs aspects, à ses contemporaines du Proche-Orient, du Plateau iranien ou encore de l'Indus
BEYOND CERAMIC PRODUCT. Large-Scale Pottery Production and the Constructionof Labour Networks in Mesopotamia (4th–3rd Millennium BCE)
No full textInternational audienceThis paper investigates large-scale pottery production organisation in Mesopotamia during the 4th and 3rd millennia BCE through spatial analysis, providing new evidence on the formation and evolution of labour networks. It examines the interplay between urbanisation and the rise of centralised authority in the upscaling of pottery production. High demand for ceramic products can be addressed through various strategies, such as segmentation or integration of productive labour, visible by the dispersion, concentration or combination of production facilities. While urbanisation appears to have dispersed potters across urban peripheries for practical reasons, the clustering of producers in shared areas was probably favoured by a central authority, and possibly served as a means of shaping territory and asserting control over labour networks and kinship ties. In the 3rd millennium BCE, the potters’ strategies for organising production, building on regionally inherited traditions, also contributed to structuring and consolidating these labour networks