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Payslips. Personal records to explore labor conditions
No full textInternational audienceOne of the original features of the research programme that led to this book is the use of different scales of observation to analyse the forms of worker insecurity during times of economic growth. In terms of documents, this involves considering both statistical series and reports compiled to guide public policy, government action, and the actions of employers, management, and worker representatives at the national, regional, and local levels. The smallest scale of observation after the business is that of the workers. The documents that can be collected from interviewees are highly diverse (letters, postcards, diaries, newspaper cuttings, administrative papers, accounting records, notes, various calculations, photographs, etc.) and vary significantly from one person to another. This particularity means that it is impossible to conduct an analysis based on harmonized data across the entire corpus. While some will have accumulated a substantial amount of written documents concerning them throughout their lifetime, whether produced or received, others will have selected their documents, sometimes opting for administrative papers and at other times for more personal documents. Although there is a requirement to retain certain accounting records, they are sometimes destroyed once the retention period has expired, especially when this period is conditioned by a specific purpose. Such is the case with payslips, which are often kept only until a person’s pension has been calculated. Fortunately for historians, some diligent record-keepers maintain all pay records well beyond the date of their retirement.This chapter first of all looks into the material form of the payslip in the different French, Japanese, and Chinese contexts and explores its history. The second part analyses its growing complexity, which calls for workers to be trained in reading and understanding it. The third part shows that the payslip reveals a multitude of social facts
From Attributional to Consequential LCA: Which Theoretical Framework for Assessing AI’s Environmental Impacts?
No full textThe current hype surrounding generative AI is amplifying the environmental footprint of Information and Communication Technologies (ICT). In response, research into 'green AI' or 'AI for green' has surged. One area of research in this field involves assessing the environmental impacts of AI services. However, studies often lack explicit epistemological and methodological framing, which hinders the quality of their results and sometimes makes them inconsistent. In response to the absence of appropriate framing, the present study draws upon the LCA literature to propose three consistent methodological frameworks, based on their respective epistemological and methodological principles : Attributional LCA, Short-Term Consequential LCA, and Long-Term Consequential LCA. Each approach is examined in terms of its ethical foundations, mathematical logic, and practical implications for defining system boundaries, handling fixed and dynamic costs, and accounting for indirect effects. These approaches are then applied to a common use case for a generative AI service. By clarifying these epistemic and methodological principles, we aim to enhance environmental assessment practices within the sustainable AI literature and improve our understanding of the environmental impacts of this technology
Mid-Holocene wet optimum and Early-Late Holocene arid phases shaped steppe-forest vegetation and human societies of Uzbekistan: Multi-proxy evidences from Lake Fazilman
No full textInternational audienceThe lack of well-dated, high-resolution records from the Uzbekistan piedmont limits our understanding of Holocene climate dynamics, land surface processes, and human–environment interactions in drylands. Although simulations suggest future increased precipitation, models also show considerable discrepancies. In this context, Holocene climate and vegetation reconstructions become crucial to improve model reliability and access climate change consequences on human societies. This study presents the first Holocene-scale, multi-proxy palaeoenvironmental reconstructions from Lake Fazilman, located in the Uzbekistan piedmont area, at the ecotone between steppe and forest.By combining sediment (X-ray fluorescence, magnetic susceptibility, spectrocolorimetry), pollen, non-pollen palynomorphs, functional trait reconstructions and lipid biomarker analyses, we track hydro-climatic variability, vegetation dynamics, and land-use patterns over the past 10,000 years. Based on quantitative reconstructions locally calibrated, climate ensemble model captures both long-term aridification trends and centennial-scale climate events, including two tipping points at 8.2 ka and 4.2 ka BP driving steppe/juniper woodland alternations under moisture control. These climatic fluctuations are assessed in the context of the Bronze Age socio-environmental transition and the spatial overlap of the proto-urban Bactria-Margiana Archaeological Complex and pastoral Andronovo cultural zones.Evidence of early human impact appears after 4000 cal yr BP, marked by disturbance-adapted taxa and geochemical shifts, followed by an increase in pastoral indicators around 650 cal yr BP. Despite a precipitation decline during the Bronze Age, climate alone cannot fully explain the decline of the Bactria-Margiana Archaeological Complex. By combining climate-sensitive proxies and land-use indicators, our findings offer new insights into drylands ecosystem resilience and the vulnerability of past societies, informing future responses to environmental change
Forest-to-grassland conversion reduces ground beetles (Coleoptera: Carabidae) diversity in tropical Andean montane habitats
No full textInternational audienceThe deforestation of natural habitats due to agricultural expansion and human settlements is a major driver of global biodiversity loss. This study assessed the impact of natural habitat conversion into grasslands on ground beetle (Coleoptera: Carabidae) assemblages along two elevational gradients (~ 1900–3000 m asl) in the southwestern tropical Andes of Colombia. Sampling was performed using pitfall traps, litter sifting, and nocturnal hand collection at six localities, each comprising a natural forest area and a deforested grassland area. Environmental variables were recorded to characterize land use. We found that these conditions differed markedly between forests and grasslands, with forests exhibiting more stable temperature and humidity, and greater leaf litter depth. Ground beetle richness and abundance were consistently higher in forests, while grasslands were dominated by a few generalist species. Assemblages in forests showed high species turnover, including a large proportion of flightless, microendemic species, whereas grassland communities were homogenized across cordilleras and elevations. Implications for insect conservation Our study highlights the detrimental effects of deforestation on carabid diversity and assemblage structure. The observed loss of diversity implies a high risk of extinction for flightless, endemic forest specialists restricted to small areas. These findings emphasize the importance of preserving natural forest areas at different elevations and on different slopes, highlighting the need for taxonomic studies to inform targeted conservation strategies in tropical montane ecosystems
Compte-rendu : Nicolás Anders, Peter Gemeinhardt et Lina Hantel (ed.), Preaching the Christian Life and Faith. Communication of Religious Education in Late Antique Latin Sermons, Tübingen, Mohr Siebeck, 2025
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Les Nocturnes du Plan de Rome : Auguste : premier empereur de Rome
No full textLe 04 février 2026, dans le cadre du séminaire de l'ERLIS Les Nocturnes du Plan de Rome, a été donnée à l'Université de Caen, la conférence intitulée : Auguste : premier empereur de Rome Résumé de la conférence : L’histoire de la Rome Antique est conventionnellement divisée en trois périodes : la royauté, la république et l’empire. Le visage de Rome a profondément changé au cours de cette histoire longue de presque treize siècles. La Rome que nous restituons au CIREVE est celle de la fin de la période impériale parce que ce sont ses vestiges qui sont les plus visibles dans la Rome d’aujourd’hui et aussi parce que c’est la période choisie par un de nos grands prédécesseurs pour la représentation de la Rome antique en relief : Paul Bigot et sa maquette en plâtre conservée à l’Université de Caen. La confrontation de notre modèle virtuel avec la Rome d’aujourd’hui et avec la maquette de P. Bigot offre en effet de multiples intérêts. Mais il nous a semblé également intéressant pour cette Nocturne de revenir sur le tout début de la période impériale pour montrer comment le premier empereur, Auguste, est à l’origine d’un bouleversement de nature non seulement politique mais aussi urbain, et comment ce changement va se répercuter sur les villes de province
The Arctic Review 2025
No full textThe Arctic Review 2025 offers analyses about the most salient developments that have impacted the Arctic region in 2025.The analyses: - Natural resources with Pauline Pic- Connectivity with Michael Delaunay- Navigation with Hervé Baudu and Frédéric Lasserre- Human security with Magali Vullierme- Diplomacy with Émilie Canova and Camille Escudé Joffres- Tourism with Alix Varnajot- Defence with Thomas HughesEdited by Michael Delaunay and Magali Vullierme
Des spéculations anti-néolibérales aux spéculations réactionnaires: Introduction de la mineure de Multitudes n°101
No full textInternational audienceSolarpunk utopias, feminist fabulations, Afrofuturism… Speculative genres are in vogue on the left. They’ve become cultural tools in the struggle against the neoliberal order: their emphasis on imagination is seen as a way to challenge expert rule and reopen the space of political alternatives closed off by neoliberalism. However, in recent years, speculative genres have also been appropriated by reactionary forces. Neonazi conspiracy theories, anarcho-capitalist utopias, supremacist science fiction… The far right speculates too, and these reactionary speculations play a key role in its growth. What is to be done? Should we distinguish between reactionary speculations and critical counter-speculations, as one of our authors suggests? Should we invent anti-speculative devices, as others argue?Des utopies écologistes à la science-fiction féministe, les genres spéculatifs sont devenus des armes culturelles contre l’ordre établi et sa financiarisation. L’extrême droite s’en est à son tour emparée, des théories du complot aux utopies anarcho-capitalistes, avec des conséquences bien réelles. Que recouvre exactement le terme de « spéculation » ? Comment répondre aux spéculations réactionnaires ? Cet article constitue l’introduction à la mineure du numéro 101 de la revue Multitudes
Elections judiciaires au Mexique : expérimentation démocratique à haut risque
No full textInternational audienceLe 1er juin 2025 a eu lieu au Mexique l’élection au suffrage universel direct de 881 juges,magistrats et ministres de la Cour suprême, et de 1 800 juges locaux dans dix-neuf Etatsfédérés sur trente-deux. Une première dans ce pays. Les candidats ont pu faire campagnedeux mois durant, dans l’espace public et sur les réseaux sociaux. Ces élections atypiquesrésultent d’une réforme controversée, approuvée par la majorité présidentielle à la fin dumandat d’Andrés Manuel López Obrador (2018-2025), en septembre 2025. Selon l’exprésidentil s’agissait de mettre fin aux privilèges et à la corruption de fonctionnaires qui nerendaient de comptes qu’à eux-mêmes. Il pointait ainsi l’un des problèmes structurels duMexique : l’impunité. En effet, selon une enquête publiée par l’Institut national de statistiqueet de géographie (INEGI) (l’équivalent mexicain de l’Institut national de la statistique et desétudes économiques, INSEE), à cette date, 3,5 millions de délits avaient été commis auMexique, mais seuls 9,6 % avaient été dénoncés. Et seules 70,5 % de ces plaintes avaientfait l’objet d’une enquête par le ministère public (le Parquet). Surtout, près de 80 % desprocédures engagées n’ont jamais abouti ou restent en suspens. Ce parcours en entonnoirillustre une impunité systémique : la majorité des crimes ne sont pas soumis à la justice et,lorsqu’ils le sont, le système judiciaire s’avère bien souvent incapable de mener les affairesà leur conclusion
Casting Doubts on the Growth Machine? Doughnut Economics, an Ambiguous Innovation in Amsterdam Governance
No full textThe institutional uptake of Doughnut Economics in Amsterdam in 2020 marks a notable departure from growth-centred governance. Drawing on qualitative research, this paper mobilises the Instrument Constituency and Multiple Streams frameworks to trace the policy process behind the Amsterdam City Doughnut. It shows how an ambiguous and supply-driven policy innovation gained traction through coalition-building and strategic coupling of policy, problem, and political streams. While non-binding, the ACD's adoption politicised growth as a collective goal, signalling a subtle yet significant shift in urban governance, and casting doubts on the enduring validity of the urban growth machine thesis.</div