Portail HAL - Campus AAR
Not a member yet
163387 research outputs found
Sort by
L'Eurasie entre Poutine et Trump, un ordre régional à nouveau bouleversé
No full textInternational audienceAlors qu’elle entre dans sa cinquième année, on ne discerne aucun signe d’achèvementimminent de la guerre menée par la Russie contre l’Ukraine. Le retour au pouvoir de Donald Trump, qui avait pourtant promis d’y mettre rapidement un terme, n’a pas modifié la situation sur le terrain. Ses initiatives de médiation favorisent la Russie, pourtant seule responsable de l’agression. Dans ce contexte, les dynamiques déclenchées par ce conflit, notamment la fragmentation progressive de l’espace eurasiatique au profit d’un nouvel ordre régional, vont sans doute perdurer en 2026
Fin de vie : ce que le débat parlementaire doit à la Convention citoyenne
No full textLe Sénat débat à compter du 20 janvier des deux lois sur la fin de vie adoptées en mai dernier par l’Assemblée nationale. En première lecture, les députés avaient pu s’appuyer sur les conclusions de la Convention citoyenne instituée sur ce même sujet, de décembre 2022 à avril 2023, dont l’objectif était d’éclairer le législateur. Retour sur la plus-value de ce dispositif de démocratie participative
Composer sans écriture : textualisation orale et forme musicale dans une performance du chanteur dahoméen Ajaxùi: textualisation orale et forme musicale dans une performance du chanteur dahoméen Ajaxùi
No full textThis article offers a formal analysis of a musical performance by the Dahomean singer Yeɖenù Ajaxùi, situated within the framework of orality and performance studies. Drawing on two complementary ethnographic descriptions, the study examines how a sung text is composed, structured, and stabilized in performance, without recourse to writing. The analysis brings to light a logic of oral textualization grounded in specific formal procedures: performative signals functioning as oral punctuation, the use of proverbs as memorizable and structuring units, dialogic polyphony as a principle of enunciation, and trance sequences understood as controlled compositional suspensions. The article proposes an original formal model-the spiral form with performative regulation-which conceptualizes musical composition as a dynamic process of text-making in performance. This contribution invites a reconsideration of musical form beyond the paradigm of writing, recognizing oral performance as a fully developed mode of formal organization and aesthetic thought.</div
Penanian "le lieu du chant", une base de de connaissance multilingue sur les musiques toraja d'Indonésie
No full textInternational audiencePrésentation de la base de connaissance Penanian. Penanian est une innovation majeure: un site web qui rassemble les savoirs relatifs aux musiques toraja, en donnant accès à un ensemble intégré de données sonores, visuelles et textuelles, traduites, annotées et interprétée
Earliest evidence for the use of desert kite mass-hunting structures in southeastern Jordan during the late pre-pottery neolithic B
No full textInternational audienceDesert kites – large-scale stone structures used for mass game hunting – are among the most extensive prehistoric constructions in the Middle East. Despite their ubiquity, the chronology of their emergence has long remained unresolved. This study presents the earliest direct and robust evidence for the construction and use of desert kites, based on integrated radiocarbon and optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) dating of three kites from a single chain in Jibal al-Khashabiyeh, southeastern Jordan. Excavations focused on the cell-like features around kite enclosures, revealed to be deep pit-traps. Bayesian modeling of 28 dates (10 radiocarbon, 18 OSL) places the highest probabilities of construction of these structures firmly within the Late Pre-Pottery Neolithic B (LPPNB), during the second half of the 8th mill. cal BCE. These findings firmly place kite use as a parallel, indigenous developments in the arid east roughly coinciding with the inhabitation oflarge agro-pastoralist settlements in the Jordanian highlands to the west, reflecting the mosaicked nature of Neolithic developments that characterized the southern Levant already for two millennia. They support a model of indigenous development by highly organized hunter-forager groups inhabiting the arid margins of the southern Levant. The scale, planning, and ecological knowledge embedded in kite architecture produced food in abundance while also supporting novel forms of social organization. The results reposition desert kites as a distinct form of early landscape modification and hunting architecture. The Jibal al-Khashabiyeh data thus anchor a transformative hunting tradition in deep time, offering a new lens on Neolithic innovation beyond the “Fertile Crescent” core
THE HUMAN DIMENSION OF REWILDING IN THE MASCARENE ISLANDS: MAKING SPACE FOR GIANT TORTOISES
No full textInternational audienceThe Mascarene Islands, and Réunion Island in particular, are facing major ecological challenges due to habitat degradation and the pervasive impact of invasive species. In response, researchers, conservation practitioners, and community volunteers have been exploring alternative restoration strategies. One such initiative emerged during the 2019 Island Biology Conference in Réunion, where an experimental rewilding protocol involving the introduction of Aldabra giant tortoises into tropical dry forest ecosystems was proposed. Through a thematic analysis of semi-structured interviews and participant observation, this study examines the complex socio-ecological dynamics surrounding this proposal. Using a conservation approach that challenges traditional methods, the paper highlights the contrasting views among stakeholdersranging from enthusiasm to deep skepticism. While the reintroduction of giant tortoises holds promise for restoring ecological functions such as seed dispersal and herbivory, the project raises ecological, institutional, and cultural concerns, particularly within the densely inhabited and tightly regulated context of Réunion
Tic-tac, le compte à rebours a démarré : la perte du patrimoine archéologique côtier des Petites Antilles françaises, entre urgence et stratégie
No full textInternational audienceCoastline regression linked to coastal erosion is an active phenomenon of great magnitude in the French West Indies where recent studies based on the analysis of historical aerial photographs indicate a shrinkage of the beaches that can reach 0.5 to 2 m per year. The impact is even more pronounced because of the insular context where the coastline is over-represented: 250 m of coastline per km² of territory in Guadeloupe as against 11 m per km² in mainland France. Moreover, archaeological sites are particularly affected in the West Indies as past occupations are distributed for the most part in the coastal fringe. This is shown by the 5000 years of Amerindian chronology, during which open-air camps, villages and specialized sites have always been associated with the exploitation of marine resources: thus 47% of the pre-Columbian occupations are located less than 100 m from the coastline. During the colonial period, the coastline remained a privileged location for the settlement of populations even if the connection with the coastline seems less marked (18% of the sites are less than 100 m from the coastline), mainly because of the development of intensive farming. Commercial exchanges and confrontation between colonial countries led to the development of cities, ports, industrial and military facilities. In addition, these spaces received many slave cemeteries which today have a memorial value that strongly resonates with the feelings of the populations.A recent evaluation conducted in Guadeloupe shows that about 160 sites out of the 779 identified on the coasts, i.e. 20%, are affected, to varying degrees, by risks of erosion. At least 14 of them are in a critical situation with a strong risk of destruction in the short term.This paper highlights the multifactorial nature of coastal erosion, which depends not only on the nature of the exposed substrate, with the sandy soils that are common in the West Indies being the most sensitive, but also on the diversity of phenomena at work. The effects of some of them are increasing in the context of global climate change: global sea-level rise, currently estimated by the IPCC to be at least 3 mm per year; hurricane frequency; weakening of the protection of coral reefs due to the bleaching of corals as a result of the warming of marine waters. The development of land and coast, aggravated by tourism, also contributes to the destabilization of coastal sedimentary deposits. This is accentuated by a weakening of the stabilizing role of vegetation due to the artificialization of soil; by disturbances associated with harbours and river workings, sometimes even by the structures created to fight against erosion; and by an excessive use of beaches leading to the disappearance of protective coastal vegetation. Some erosional factors that were previously predominant have fortunately recently disappeared, such as the extraction of sand for construction purposes, the extraction of coral for the manufacture of lime, and the deforestation of mangroves for the manufacture of charcoal.The threat of losing this heritage makes this not an easy challenge. Two main solutions have already been implemented by the French State services in charge of the management of archaeology: on the one hand, the physical protection of sites by measures which limit or slow down erosion; and on the other hand, the systematic study of the sites before their destruction by erosion, notably through archaeological excavations.The need to preserve the archaeological heritage of the West Indies coastlines has led us to carry out several kinds of actions, which should all be expanded:•Monitoring and evaluation of coastal erosion and its impact on archaeological sites, in order to anticipate threats and prioritize specific interventions. This approach is based on three types of actions: systematic surveys, collection of testimonies, in particular the ALOA project requesting public participation, and monitoring techniques using satellite imagery or other advanced methods;•Surveys and test pits allowing the scientific and cultural relevance of the threatened sites to be identified;•Archaeological excavation, that means safeguarding by recording, of the most exposed sites;•As a last resort: physical protection of the sites by in situ consolidation engineering.The preservation of coastal archaeological sites is actually difficult to manage because of regulatory and financial procedures that are sometimes not well adapted. Indeed, French laws, in applying the heritage code, provide for the financing of preventive archaeology by the developers (according to a “you break, you pay” principle), but do not offer similar arrangements in cases where the sites are destroyed by natural agents (no specific developer). In this case, the introduction of the financial solutions needed to implement emergency interventions is currently a case-by-case process, under the responsibility of the French State and the local authorities.A more regular means of financing —i.e. through a tax-supported fund— will probably be necessary if we are to be able to respond to this challenge of preserving the coastal archaeological heritage.La remontée en cours du niveau marin, l’augmentation de la fréquence d’évènements cycloniques majeurs, la destruction des barrières coralliennes, l’aménagement du littoral corrélé à l’augmentation du tourisme, sont autant de facteurs qui aggravent l’érosion littorale et menacent dramatiquement le patrimoine archéologique côtier des Petites Antilles, notamment dans les territoires français d’Amérique qui nous intéressent ici. L’impact est d’autant plus conséquent dans ce contexte insulaire que l’occupation du territoire y est répartie de façon majoritaire sur la frange littorale comme en témoignent les 5 000 ans de la chronologie amérindienne, où campements de plein air, villages et sites spécialisés ont été de tout temps associés à l’exploitation des ressources marines. Les quelques siècles du développement tardif de la période coloniale ont quant à eux généré sur le littoral des installations portuaires, industrielles, militaires et de l’habitat, mais aussi de nombreux cimetières à forte valeur mémorielle. Face à cette menace deux principales solutions ont d’ores et déjà été mises en oeuvre par les services de l’État en charge de la gestion de l’archéologie : d’une part la protection physique des sites par des aménagements limitant ou ralentissant l’érosion, et d’autre part leur étude, notamment par la fouille archéologique. Il s’avère en outre qu’une réflexion sur une stratégie globale de sauvegarde devient incontournable car les interventions d’urgence sont bien souvent difficiles à mettre en oeuvre dans des délais et des coûts optimaux
Language policies in Higher Education – University of Sarajevo
No full textIn this paper, we present the University of Sarajevo, its main characteristics through history. The main theme of the work is the languages studied in Bosnia and Herzegovina, more precisely at this university. We will explain the language policy that is in force when it comes to official languages/language in the country and support it with national and regional ecologies. We will show how much foreign languages actually have at this university, i.e. an unfavorable and uneven position, given that they are studied in very small numbers at several faculties, and therefore work should be done on the introduction of foreign languages into curricula. In the paper, we will also look at the importance of international cooperation, which contributes to the spread of foreign languages and better visibility in other European countries.Dans cet article, nous présentons l’Université de Sarajevo et ses principales caractéristiques à travers l’histoire. Le thème central du travail porte sur les langues étudiées en Bosnie-Herzégovine, plus précisément au sein de cette université. Nous expliquerons la politique linguistique en vigueur en ce qui concerne les langues officielles du pays et l’analyserons à la lumière des écologies linguistiques nationales et régionales.Nous montrerons la place réelle des langues étrangères à l’université, à savoir une position défavorable et inégale, dans la mesure où elles sont étudiées en très petit nombre dans plusieurs facultés ; il est donc nécessaire de travailler à une meilleure intégration des langues étrangères dans les programmes d’études. Enfin, l’article examinera également l’importance de la coopération internationale, qui contribue à la diffusion des langues étrangères et à une meilleure visibilité dans d’autres pays européens
An Offshore Turn to Asia? Africa's Deepening Links with Dubai, Singapore and Hong Kong
No full textOxford Martin School working paper. This paper is based on a chapter from a monograph titled Africa Offshore (forthcoming 2027).The United Nations estimates that $88.6 billion per year leave Africa in the form of capital flight, with much of it routed through, or ending up in, offshore financial centres. This is but one aspect of the way in which African relations with the global economy, including trade and investment, are mediated through the offshore world. Until recently, a study of African offshore links would have rightly focused on western jurisdictions. However, since the 2008 financial crisis, Africa’s offshore links have diversified. This is notably the case with Asian jurisdictions such as Dubai, Hong Kong and Singapore.This exploratory paper studies Africa’s offshore engagements with these leading financial centres. These dynamics remain poorly researched despite their rising significance for Africa’s deepening relationship with Asia. The paper underlines the innovative dimensions of these links but also aspects of continuity: offshore services in the Asian jurisdictions are often provided by western firms and these financial centres maintain robust connections with the traditional centres of the offshore world. It also provides a preliminary discussion of the developmental potential, or pitfalls, of Africa’s links with Asian offshore financial centres in the emerging architecture of a post-Western world
Phrasing and prominence disambiguate clefted Relative Clauses
No full textInternational audienceWe investigated the prosodic disambiguation of string-identical it-clefts with Connected Clauses (-Who sang? -It was [the editor] [that sang]) versus clefted Relative Clauses (-Who called? -It was [the editor [that sang]] ([that called])). Connected Clauses attach high in structure and convey background information, while clefted Relatives are nested within the focused element they modify and are also in focus. In the absence of prosodic cues, clefted Relatives tend to induce garden-path effects due to a default parsing preference for Connected Clauses. A production study revealed distinct prosodic phrasing and prominence patterns between the two structures across multiple regions, with disambiguation detectable from the first ambiguous word. Connected Clauses were prosodically separated from the clefted element, whereas clefted Relatives formed a single prosodic phrase with the head noun. These patterns align with their syntax, suggesting that syntax-prosody mismatches involving Relative Clauses are more constrained than previously assumed. In terms of prominence, clefted Relatives showed localized focus effects on the rightmost stressable word, rather than across the entire focused phrase. This supports the existence of intermediate representations linking information structure and prosody. An auditory comprehension study showed that listeners used these prosodic cues to override the default parsing preference for Connected Clauses