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Awareness, Patient Behaviour, and Treatment Expectations in a French Cohort with Actinic Keratosis (REAKT Survey)
No full textInternational audienceThis study was undertaken to evaluate disease awareness, attitudes, and expectations in people with actinic keratosis (AK) in France. A total of 639 participants aged ≥ 40 years reporting AK lesions diagnosed by a physician were recruited from a representative general population panel. Data were collected on disease awareness, care experience, sun protection behaviour,, and treatment expectations. The proportion of participants endorsing correct statements about AK rarely exceeded 50%. Only 332 participants (52.0%) reported that they knew much about treatments and 134 (21.0%) never felt the need to request information; 545 participants (85.3%) reported that waiting times to see dermatologists were excessive; 160 treated participants (40.8%) reported lesion persistence after treatment; and 140 (35.3%) that certain treatments made their skin painful or unsightly. Sun protection was sub-optimal, with 145 participants (22.7%) rarely or never going out in the sun with protection and 334 (52.3%) rarely or never putting on sunscreen in the morning. The most frequently desired improvements to care were “Treatments that make lesions disappear” (n = 528; 82.6%), “Treatments that are easy to use” (n = 524; 82.0%) and “Physicians to propose regular skin examinations” (n = 510; 79.8%). In conclusion, better information and education for AK patients are needed, as well as more acceptable topical treatments
Récits politiques et réglementaires de l’intelligence artificielle : une étude comparative
No full textInternational audienceAlthough the impacts of artificial intelligence (AI) on the market, the economy, or customers are often studied, little is known about how governments support the use of AI through policy and regulation narratives. We undertake a textual analysis of 936 national and regional AI policies implemented in 70 countries/regions and focus on AI strategies. Computational text analyses led to the identification of three dimensions of AI government discourses and enabled us to conceptualize three symbolic strategic orientations. These results contribute to a better assessment of the different government approaches to AI governance. This research also contributes to a better understanding of how governments frame their technological and strategic orientations, offering important insights to both the information systems and administration fields
Moderating effects of self-defined sexual orientation on the relation between social factors and depressive symptoms or suicidal ideation among French young adults
No full textInternational audiencePurpose - Disparities in mental health across sexual orientation groups and among young adults have long been discussed. The aim of this cross-sectional study was to investigate the moderating effects of sexual orientation on the associations between social factors and depressive symptoms as well as suicidal ideation in young adults. Methods - The study included 6,337 participants aged 18-25y in 2022 from the French EpiCov cohort. The outcome variables were depressive symptoms and suicidal ideation. Poisson regressions with robust error variance were performed to investigate the associations between social factors and outcomes according to sexual orientation (lesbian, gay, bisexual, other, or not defining themselves according to their sexuality: sexual minority (SM); heterosexual or not wishing to answer: Not belonging to SM (NSM)). Results - The prevalence of depressive symptoms and suicidal ideation was higher in the SM than in the NSM group. Regarding depressive symptoms, significant moderating effects of sexual orientation were observed for female vs male sex (NSM: adjusted Prevalence Ratio (aPR) 1.58[1.28-1.95], SM: aPR 1.03[0.78-1.36]) and age category 22-25y vs 18-21y (NSM: aPR 1.32[1.05-1.67], SM: aPR 0.78[0.59-1.03]). Regarding suicidal ideation, significant moderating effect was observed for not being vs being in a relationship (NSM: aPR 1.55[1.14-2.12], SM: aPR 0.82[0.59-1.13]). Conclusion - In this study conducted in 2022, well-known social risk factors of mental problems do not explain the higher prevalence of depressive symptoms and suicidal ideation among young SM group. Further studies are needed to understand the specific challenges faced by these young people
Ces agent·es qui ne font (pas) que passer.: Les CDD de la fonction publique dans les trajectoires socioprofessionnelles
No full textInternational audiencePrenant appui sur une post-enquête à l’enquête Conditions de travail, cet article interroge l’expérience et les usages des CDD par les agent·es contractuel·les de la fonction publique. Une analyse statistique fait d’abord ressortir certains traits saillants de leurs trajectoires et situations d’emploi (expériences répétées de la précarité, durée d’emploi contractuel, temps partiel, déqualification, etc.). L’analyse qualitative d’un corpus d’entretiens conduit ensuite à identifier six expériences typiques de l’emploi contractuel dans la fonction publique. Cette typologie permet d’analyser comment cette expérience de l’emploi contractuel est vécue, en portant attention aux variations selon le genre, l’âge, la situation familiale et le niveau de qualification
The equilibrium price of bubble assets
No full textConsidering a simple economy, we derive a new Hamilton-Jacobi equation which is satisfied by the value of a "bubble" asset. We then show, by providing a rigorous mathematical analysis of this equation, that a unique non-zero stable solution exists under certain assumptions. The economic interpretation of this result is that, if the bubble asset can produce more stable returns than fiat money, agents protect themselves from hazardous situations through the bubble asset, thus forming a bubble's consensus value. Our mathematical analysis uses different ideas coming from the study of semi-linear elliptic equations
Some open mathematical problems concerning charged quantum particles
No full textInternational audienceI present some open mathematical problems concerning electrons in quantum mechanics and charged particles in general. After discussing the Schrödinger Hamiltonian describing atoms and molecules with classical nuclei, I turn to infinite systems and in particular to the homogeneous electron gas
Ordre convexe et ordre convexe croissant pour des processus de McKean-Vlasov avec bruit commun
No full textWe establish results on the conditional and standard convex order, as well as the increasing convex order, for two processes and , defined by the following McKean-Vlasov equations with common Brownian noise :\begin{align}&dX_t=b(t, X_t, \mathcal{L}^1(X_t)) dt+\sigma(t, X_t, \mathcal{L}^1(X_t)) dB_t+\sigma^0 (t, \mathcal{L}^1(X_t)) d B^0_t,\\&dY_t=\,\beta(t, Y_t\,, \mathcal{L}^1(Y_t\,))dt+\,\theta(t, Y_t\,, \mathcal{L}^1(Y_t\,))dB_t\,+\,\theta^0 (t, \mathcal{L}^1(Y_t\,))dB^0_t,\end{align}where (respectively ) denotes a version of the conditional distribution of (resp. ) given . These results extend those established for standard McKean-Vlasov equations in [Liu and Pagès, Ann. App. Prob. 2023] and [Liu and Pagès, Bernoulli 2022]. Under suitable conditions, for a (non-decreasing) convex functional on the path space with polynomial growth, we show almost surely. Moreover, for a (non-decreasing) convex functional defined on the product space of paths and their marginal distributions, we establishSimilar convex order results are also established for the corresponding particle system. We explore applications of these results to stochastic control problem - deducing in particular an associated comparison principle for Hamilton-Jacobi-Bellman equations with different coefficients - and to the interbank systemic risk model introduced by in [Carmona, Fouque and Sun, Comm. in Math. Sci. 2015]
When Food Scanner Apps Outperform Front‐of‐Pack Nutrition Labels: A Conditional Process Model to Foster Healthier Food Choices in Times of Growing Distrust
No full textInternational audienceWhile consumers increasingly use food scanner apps as an alternative to front‐of‐pack labels, the effectiveness of these nutritional signals in promoting healthier food choices remains a topic of debate. This study examines when and under what conditions food scanner apps encourage healthier eating and outperform front‐of‐pack nutrition labels. It builds on four studies: a quantitative content analysis of over 16,000 online reviews and a survey of 86 respondents in an exploratory phase, along with two experiments that test the conceptual model. The findings identify three conditions where food scanner apps outperform front‐of‐pack labels: when the nutritional quality score of a product is poor, when consumers distrust the dominant players, and when mid‐range brands have average brand equity. These findings suggest that food scanner apps and front‐of‐pack labels complement rather than oppose each other, thus providing key insights for policymakers and food brand managers
Enseigner les enjeux sociétaux et environnementaux des algorithmes à travers un outil de navigation routière
No full textNational audienceNous présentons une étude de cas qui a fait l'objet de travaux pratiques dans différents contextes : licence universitaire d'informatique (cours optionnel de RO), école d'ingénieur (cours d'algorithmique à l'INSA de Lyon, cours de RO avancée à l'ENSIMAG des GDR ROD et RADIA en 2023 sur la Responsabilité des algorithmes: Enjeux Sociétaux et Environnementaux.Notre objectif est de partager notre expérience et nos supports pédagogiques afin de permettre à la communauté RO d'enrichir ses enseignements sur les thèmes des enjeux sociétaux et environnementaux des algorithmes que nous enseignons